Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1089.61.101, Route 4 Reconstruction, Village of Hudson Falls, Town of Fort Edward, Washington County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; M.S. LoRusso (2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1089.61.101, Route 4 Reconstruction, Village of Hudson Falls, Town of Fort Edward, Washington County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; M.S. LoRusso (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 5086.22.121, Intersection Improvement and Relocation of CSX Railroad Track, Sheridan Drive and Kenmore Avenue, Town of Tonawanda, Erie County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; V. A. Schmitt (2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 5086.22.121, Intersection Improvement and Relocation of CSX Railroad Track, Sheridan Drive and Kenmore Avenue, Town of Tonawanda, Erie County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; V. A. Schmitt (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8127.26.101, Taconic State Parkway and Pudding Street Addendum, Town of Putnam Valley, Putnam County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8127.26.101, Taconic State Parkway and Pudding Street Addendum, Town of Putnam Valley, Putnam County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1357.13.121, Addendum to CR (Birchwood Drive) and BIN 1070650 over I-88, Town of Princetown, Schenectady County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; C. B. Rieth; V. A. Schmitt (2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1357.13.121, Addendum to CR (Birchwood Drive) and BIN 1070650 over I-88, Town of Princetown, Schenectady County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; C. B. Rieth; V. A. Schmitt (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2011)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The People of Colonial Albany Live Online - Bielinski, S. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: history

Surficial Geology of the Seneca Falls Quadrangle, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series, 2010)

The Sundler Sites: Reconstructing the Late Pleistocene Landscape and its People in the Capital Region of New York - J. A. Bradley; M.H. Younge; A. L. Kozlowski (Soldiers, Cities, and Landscapes: Papers in Honor of Charles L. Fisher, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1808.63.101, Route 23, Culvert Repair and Replacement, Hamlet of Ashland, Town of Ashland, Greene County, New York - H. Brown; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Phase IA survey of PIN 3805.57.101, Route 38 over the Seneca River Barge Canal - H. Brown; M.S. LoRusso; T. Thomas (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1808.32.101, Route 22, Slope Failure Repairs, Village of Hoosick Falls, Town of Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York - H. Brown; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Route 11 Culvert Replacement, Town of Lafayette, Onondaga County, New York - H. Brown; M.S. LoRusso; T. Thomas (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3806.39.121, ADA Sidewalk Replacement, Town of Williamstown, Oswego County, New York - H. Brown (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Fuerte's Mountain Gorilla - Burch, R. J. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: history

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.02.121, City of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1807.72.301, Route 9N and Delorm Drive Drainage Improvements, Town of Ticonderoga, Essex County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Screening Report for PIN 1808.31.101, Slope Failure Repair, I-87 Median, Town of Halfmoon, Saratoga County, New York - Carioto, J. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cubic Magnetite Crystals from Balmat, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; Robinson, G. W.; M. V. Lupulescu; Morgan, T. C.; Johnson, J. T.; deLorraine, W. M. (The Mineralogical Record, 2010)
Keywords: geology

Enriched Grenvillian Lithospheric Mantle as a Consequence of Long-lived Subduction Beneath Laurentia - J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Cousens, B.; Thern, E.; Coffin, L.; Regan, S. (Geology, 2010)
Geochemical and Nd isotopic data from mafic and newly discovered ultramafic rocks in the Adirondack Lowlands suggest widespread enrichment of the lithospheric mantle under the Grenville Province. Incompatible element abundances and previously published Hf TDM (zircon) (depleted mantle model age) and Nd TDM ages from rocks of the anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite suite in the Adirondack Highlands document similar enrichment in the lower crust and its strong influence on subsequent magmatic events throughout the Ontario-Quebec-Adirondack segment of the Grenville Province. Likely the consequence of long-lived (ca. 1.4–1.2 Ga) northwest-directed subduction along the southeast edge of Laurentia (previously proposed Andean margin), this enrichment is similar to that associated with the vast (>240,000 km2) ultrapotassic province of the western Churchill Province. Enrichment of the lithospheric mantle beneath orogenic belts is a predictable and important differentiation process that has operated on Earth for at least the past 3 b.y.
Keywords: Adirondack Lowlands; Geochemistry; geochronology; lithospheric mantle

Surficial Geology of the Ossoning 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Westchester County, New York - Connally, G. G. (Map & Chart, 2010)

Does Watching a Monkey Change its Behaviour? Quantifying Observer Effects in Habituated Wild Primates using Automated Radiotelemetry - M. C. Crofoot; Lambert, T. D.; R. W. Kays; M. Wikelski (Animal Behaviour, 2010)
In studies of animal behaviour, researchers have long been concerned that their presence may change the conduct of their study subjects. To minimize observer effects, researchers often habituate their study animals. The premise of this method is that, with sufficient neutral exposure, animals will stop reacting to humans. While numerous studies demonstrate that negative responses to humans decrease over time, the fact that an animal does not flee from or behave aggressively towards observers cannot be taken as evidence that it is not altering its behaviour in other, more subtle ways. Because remotely monitoring the behaviour of wild animals is difficult, it has not been possible to answer the critical question: do habituated animals change their behaviour when researchers are present? Here, we use data from an automated radiotelemetry system that remotely monitored the movement and activity of radiocollared animals to test whether observers affected the behaviour of seven habituated white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus. We found no evidence that observers influenced the ranging behaviour or activity patterns of their study subjects. Capuchins did not move faster, stop to rest less frequently, or display higher levels of activity when they were being followed compared to when they were alone. It has been suggested that researchers may embolden habituated study subjects, artificially increasing their relative dominance, but we found no relationship between observer presence and proximity to neighbouring social groups. Although it remains possible that observer effects existed but were too subtle to be detected with the remote sensing technology we used, the results of this study nevertheless provide reassuring evidence that humans can observe habituated wild animals without overly influencing the animals’ activity and movement patterns.
Keywords: Barro Colorado Island; Panama; Cebus capucinus; habituation; telemetry

Family-level Relationships of the Spittlebugs and Froghoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea) - J. R. Cryan; Svenson, G. J. (Systematic Entomology, 2010)
The spittlebug superfamily Cercopoidea (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) comprises approximately 3000 phytophagous species (including some economically important pests of grass crops) classified among the families Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae, Epipygidae, Clastopteridae and Machaerotidae. However, the monophyly of these taxa has never been tested and the evolutionary relationships among these major lineages are unknown. Presented here are the results of the first ever phylogenetic investigation of the higher-level relationships within Cercopoidea, based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from six loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone 3, wingless, cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome oxidase II) generated from exemplars of 109 spittlebug species representing all five described families, seven of eight subfamilies and 61 genera (eight additional exemplars, representing a selection of other Auchenorrhyncha taxa, were included as outgroups). The resulting topologies are used to evaluate the monophyly of each cercopoid family, and further to calculate divergence date estimates to examine the chronological origins and historical diversification of Cercopoidea. The results of this investigation suggest that: (i) four of the five described families are monophyletic; Epipygidae was recovered consistently as originating within Aphrophoridae; (ii) the exclusively Old World Machaerotidae is the most anciently diversified family of extant spittlebugs; (iii) New World Cercopidae (i.e. Ischnorhininae) constitute a derived monophyletic lineage; (iv) the genus Microsargane Fowler, classified currently within Aphrophoridae, actually belongs within Cercopidae; and (v) the origins of the major spittlebug lineages probably coincided with the breakup of Pangaea and, subsequently, Gondwana, as well as major floristic diversification such as the rise of angiosperms.
Keywords: Cercopoidea; Phylogenetics; phytophagous insects; spittlebug; taxonomy

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for the Five Rivers Environmental Center, Delmar, New York - B. R. Dale (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Crown Point Campground Sewerline, DEC-Crown Point, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - B. R. Dale (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7067.92.121, Route 458 over St. Regis River, Town of Waverly, Village of St. Regis Falls, Franklin County, New York - B. R. Dale; V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for the Crown Point Campground Storm Water Drainage, DEC-Crown Point, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - B. R. Dale (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3806.39.121, ADA Sidewalk Replacement, Village of Cleveland, Oswego County, New York - B. R. Dale; V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 2012.07.101, Route 169 over Stony Creek, Town of Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York - B. R. Dale (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of the J.G. Byers Site, PIN 1130.60.101, NY Route 22 over the Walloomsac River, Town of North Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York - N. L. Davis (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report for PIN 1089.70.101, Route 32 and 4, Town of Stillwater, Saratoga County, New York - R. Dean (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3806.39.121, ADA Sidewalk Replacement and Ramp Reconstruction, Route 31, Village of Port Byron, Cayuga County, New York - R. Dean; V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Soldiers, Cities, and Landscapes: Papers in Honor of Charles L. Fisher - P. B. Drooker; J. P. Hart (New York State Museum Bulletin, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology history

AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Pleistocene and Holocene Mammals Housed in the New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA - R. S. Feranec; A. L. Kozlowski (Radiocarbon, 2010)
Despite its rich paleontological record, only limited research has been published on the Pleistocene and Holocene vertebrate faunal record of New York State. This paper presents a set of dates from the bone collagen of Pleistocene and Holocene mammal specimens housed in the Vertebrate Paleontology Collections at the New York State Museum, Albany, New York, USA.
Keywords: Accelerator mass spectrometry; AMS; late Pleistocene mammals; New York; radiocarbon dating

Isotopes Reveal Limited Effects of Middle Pleistocene Climate Change on the Ecology of Mid-sized Mammals - R. S. Feranec; Hadly, E. A.; Paytan, A. (Quaternary International, 2010)
To better understand how past climatic change influenced mammalian communities, we used fossils from the Pit Locality of Porcupine Cave, to evaluate how two taxa responded to climatic events spanning two glacial–interglacial transitions of the middle Pleistocene in Colorado. We analyzed the isotopes of carbon, oxygen and strontium in 84 specimens of rabbits and marmots to infer (1) if feeding and habitat preferences differed across glacial–interglacial transitions, and (2) whether these taxa responded similarly and synchronously to climatic events. Our results showed no significant differences in any of the isotopic values within taxa across levels. Stable carbon isotope values revealed a C3-dominated environment around Porcupine Cave during the middle Pleistocene, similar to what is present around the cave today. Oxygen isotopes did not change significantly across levels suggesting consistent water sources over time and preventing any correlation to the Marine Isotope Stages. Marmots did show significantly more positive oxygen isotope values than rabbits over most of the Pit levels likely indicative of hibernation. Lack of significant change in Sr isotopes indicates similarity in habitat range through time, or homogenization of landscape Sr values due to atmospheric inputs. These results suggest that middle Pleistocene climatic change had a negligible effect on the ecology of the sampled individuals around Porcupine Cave. The effects of climate on mammals are complex and these results cannot be extrapolated globally; research is needed to differentiate how global climate change affects mammals in different regions and of different life history to provide insight into how current global warming will affect extant species.
Keywords: climatic change; mammalian communities; middle Pleistocene

Understanding the Ecology of Mammalian Carnivorans and Herbivores from Valdegoba Cave (Burgos, Northern Spain) Through Stable Isotope Analysis - R. S. Feranec; Garcia, N.; Diez, J. C.; Arsuaga, J. L. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010)
Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of mammalian carnivoran and herbivore species from the late Pleistocene Valdegoba cave site in northern Spain imply competition and partitioning in resource use. In general, the data support the previously recognized ecology for the analyzed species. δ13C values show that the ecosystem around the cave was dominated by C3 plants. The observed δ18O values are similar to what is found in modern environments. The analyzed bovids, Bos primigenius, Capra pyrenaica, and Rupicapra rupicapra, showed the most positive δ13C values. Bos primigenius had the most positive mean carbon isotope value and is suggested to feed on grasses in open environments. Values for Capra pyrenaica primarily indicate grass feeding, while Rupicapra rupicapra had the widest diet for the analyzed species, likely including grass and browse. Cervus elaphus, Equus ferus, Equus hydruntinus, and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus displayed more negative δ13C values indicating the use of similar resources. The smallest species analyzed, Castor fiber, displayed the most negative δ13C and δ18O values, implying a preference for eating C3 plants and being semi-aquatic. The canids, Canis lupus and Vulpes vulpes, displayed the most positive δ13C and δ18O values, and overlap many of the sampled ungulate species. Positive δ18O values in canids implies that this group obtains much of its water from its prey, uses a different water source, or has physiological differences from the other carnivorans that influence oxygen isotope values. Lynx pardinus had values similar to the canids. Crocuta crocuta had δ13C values more negative than expected for a generalist predator. These values are likely due to concentration of diet on taxa from more forested environments. The most negative δ13C values are observed in the bears, Ursus arctos and Ursus spelaeus. These values are the likely result of hibernation and the inclusion of significant vegetation in bear diets.
Keywords: C-13; Diet; Ecology; Mammal; O-18; Pleistocene

Addendum Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7720.97.221, Wetland Mitigations for NYSDOT Commercial Vehicle Inspection Station, Town of Champlain, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1805.81.101, Lake Champlain Bridge Replacement Project, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - A. Gore (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN AX16.13.701, Temporary Access Road/pre-1929 Ferry Landing, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - A. Gore (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Pottery Change: Research Alters How Archaeologists View New York's Past - J. P. Hart (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

The Washington Square Mound Site and a Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Style Zone among the Caddo of Northeastern Texas - J. P. Hart; Perttula, T. K. (Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2010)
Regional variation is recognized within the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex and its larger symbolic and ceremonial complexes. In this article we identify and describe a northeastern Texas Caddo style zone centered on engraved rattlesnake representations and other symbols on fine ware ceramic vessels. We explore the use of these icons in a double burial from the late thirteenth to early fifteenth century A.D. Washington Square Mound Site in Nacogdoches, Texas.
Keywords: Caddo Indians; East Texas; Pottery; Southeastern Ceremonial Complex; Symbolism

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8065.01.101, NYS Route 17 and I-84, Interchange Improvements, Town of Wallkill, Orange County, New York - S. Higgins (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1808.31.101, Proposed Stream Mitigation Site, Northline Road over Kayaderosseras Creek, City of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, New York - S. Higgins (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report for PIN 8004.02.101, Paul J. Higgins Site, Town of Corlandt, Westchester County, New York - S. Higgins (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Troop F Headquarters, City of Middletown, Orange County, New York - S. Higgins (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of Wadhams Falls Gristmill, Payne Blacksmith Shop, Storage Shed and Coal Mill, and Wadhams Falls Bridge, Route 22 over Boquet River, Hamlet of Wadhams, Town of Westport, Essex County, New York - S. Higgins (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Commerce and Cooperation among the Classic Maya: The Chunchucmil Case - Hutson, S. R.; Dahlin, B.; D. E. Mazeau (Cooperation in Economy and Society, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Eastern Coyote What Is It? Where Did It Come From? - R. W. Kays (Pennsylvania Game News, 2010)
Keywords: biology

Freezer Diving: The Discovery of a Frozen Mountain Coati Thaws Out Its Taxonomic Secrets - R. W. Kays (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: biology

New York's Coyote--What Is It? Where Did It Come From? - R. W. Kays (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: Coyote; hybridizing; New York

Rapid Adaptive Evolution of Northeastern Coyotes via Hybridization with Wolves - R. W. Kays; Curtis, A.; J. J. Kirchman (Biology Letters, 2010)
The dramatic expansion of the geographical range of coyotes over the last 90 years is partly explained by changes to the landscape and local extinctions of wolves, but hybridization may also have facilitated their movement. We present mtDNA sequence data from 686 eastern coyotes and measurements of 196 skulls related to their two-front colonization pattern. We find evidence for hybridization with Great Lakes wolves only along the northern front, which is correlated with larger skull size, increased sexual dimorphism and a five times faster colonization rate than the southern front. Northeastern haplotype diversity is low, suggesting that this population was founded by very few females moving across the Saint Lawrence River. This northern front then spread south and west, eventually coming in contact with an expanding front of non-hybrid coyotes in western New York and Pennsylvania. We suggest that hybridization with wolves in Canada introduced adaptive variation that contributed to larger size, which in turn allowed eastern coyotes to better hunt deer, allowing a more rapid colonization of new areas than coyotes without introgressed wolf genes. Thus, hybridization is a conduit by which genetic variation from an extirpated species has been reintroduced into northeastern USA, enabling northeastern coyotes to occupy a portion of the niche left vacant by wolves.
Keywords: Coyotes; Evolution; hybridization; wolves

Reply to Wheeldon et al. 'Colonization History and Ancestry of Northeastern Coyotes' - R. W. Kays; Curtis, A.; J. J. Kirchman (Biology Letters, 2010)
The history of hybridization and range change of Canis in eastern North America has created an interesting evolutionary story that researchers are still untangling. We welcome the comment by Wheeldon et al. (in press) on our study on the evolution of northeastern coyote and the new data they present in their comment and new paper (Way et al. in press). Their comment raises two issues, one taxonomic and one biogeographic. Here we briefly defend our taxonomic treatment of northeastern wolves, and present new data supporting our original biogeographic interpretations.
Keywords: Coyotes; Evolution; hybridization; New York; wolves

Focus on Nature XI Biennial Exhibition Shows Impact of Illustration - Kernan, P. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: biology

Carolina Parakeets - J. J. Kirchman (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: biology

DNA from a 100-year-old Holotype Confirms the Validity of a Potentially Extinct Hummingbird Species - J. J. Kirchman; Witt, C. C.; McGuire, J. A.; Graves, G. R. (Biology Letters, 2010)
We used mtDNA sequence data to confirm that the controversial 100-year-old holotype of the Bogotá sunangel (Heliangelus zusii) represents a valid species. We demonstrate that H. zusii is genetically well differentiated from taxa previously hypothesized to have given rise to the specimen via hybridization. Phylogenetic analyses place H. zusii as sister to a clade of mid- to high-elevation Andean species currently placed in the genera Taphrolesbia and Aglaiocercus. Heliangelus zusii, presumed extinct, has never been observed in nature by biologists. We infer that the species occupied a restricted distribution between the upper tropical and temperate zones of the northern Andes and that it was most probably driven to extinction by deforestation that accompanied human population growth during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining DNA from nearly microscopic tissue samples from old hummingbird specimens and suggest that these methods could be used to resolve the taxonomy of dozens of avian taxa known only from type specimens.
Keywords: Bogotá sunangel; mtDNA; Phylogenetic analyses; taxonomy

Legalities and Practicalities of Salvaging of Dead Birds for Museum Specimens - J. J. Kirchman (The Kingbird, 2010)
Recently on the NYSbirds-L listserv, an observer reported that a possible Pacific Loon had washed up on a Long Island beach. The birder, recognizing that this might be an important record to document with a specimen, wondered if s/he should pick up the bird and bring it to a museum, and whether it was legal to do this. Digital photos eventually made the rounds and it turned out that the bird, which was never salvaged, was a Common Loon. This incident provoked a very long “thread” of discussion among the listserv readers regarding the legalities and practice of bird specimen salvage by the bird-observing public. By the time the listserv administrator cut off the discussion it was clear that New York birders appreciate the scientific value of specimens (e.g., as discussed by Kirchman 2008, Kingbird 58: 214-219), but that the legal implications of picking up a dead bird are not well known. One point of agreement was that there is a need for some clarification of the laws and permits that govern the salvage of birds in New York. As curator of the ornithology collection at the New York State Museum, and an enthusiastic (and permitted) salvager, I am in a position to provide some of the needed clarification and have decided to summarize in this article what I know about the subject.
Keywords: Bird salvaging; legalisties; Museum collections

Surficial Geology of the Bearsville Quadrangle, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Smith, C. A.; Krumdieck, N. W.; Stefanik, P. A. (Map & Chart Series, 2010)

Early Ordovician Community Evolution with Eustatic Change Through the Middle Beekmantown Group, Northeast Laurentia - Kroger, B.; E. Landing (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010)
The Beekmantown Group records the important early interval of the Ordovician Radiation. This Upper Cambrian–Middle Ordovician, carbonate-dominated, tropical succession was deposited near the eastern passive margin of the Laurentian platform. This depositional setting remained remarkably stable although the craton was flooded repeatedly with eustatic rises and unconformity-bound, macroscale sedimentary cycles were deposited as successive geological formations. The individual depositional cycles (i.e., formations) show a nearly identical vertical succession with a type 1 sequence boundary, a basal conglomerate, transgressive sandstones, locally a subtidal shale-dominated unit that marks the deepest facies, and a highstand carbonate facies with thrombolite buildups in its middle part. The thrombolitic buildups of each depositional cycle contain a mollusc-dominated macrofauna that changed remarkably from cycle to cycle. In the limestones of the Upper Cambrian Ritchie and Rathbunville School members, the macrofauna is very rare and of low diversity. By comparison, the absolute abundance of macrofossils is high throughout the Lower Ordovician thrombolitic limestones. The genus-level diversity of brachiopods, trilobites, gastropods, and cephalopods increased moderately during the three Lower Ordovician depositional sequences. Dramatic changes in cephalopod disparity, body size, and biomass indicate significant paleoecological changes at the top of the ecosystem food chains, and are an indication of community evolution and intrinsic evolutionary processes. Increased coiling and ornamentation in cephalopods and an increasing number of large gastropod genera with thick shells indicate an escalation among predators. We interpret these changes as evidence for a rise in competition within ecological guilds by a continuing increase in internal differentiation of the food web. Increased organismal interaction and the differentiation of the food web (i.e., community evolution) are regarded as a major driving mechanism early in the Ordovician Radiation.
Keywords: Beekmantown Group; Laurentia; Ordovician Radiation; Palaeodiversity

Cambrian Origin of All Skeletalized Metazoan Phyla--Discovery of Earth's Oldest Bryozoans (Upper Cambrian, Southern Mexico) - E. Landing; A. M. English; Keppie, J. D. (Geology, 2010)
Exquisite Pywackia baileyi Landing n. gen. and sp. specimens from the lower Tiñu Formation, southern Mexico, extend the bryozoan record into the Upper Cambrian. They are ∼8 m.y. older than the purported oldest bryozoans from South China, and show that all skeletalized metazoan phyla appeared in the Cambrian. The new form differs from similar, twig-like cryptostomes by its shallow autozooecia and an elongate axial zooid, which may be homologous to the stolon in nonmineralized ctenostomes. It may morphologically resemble mineralized stem group bryozoans that retained a stolon-like individual, although an ability to bud was acquired by the feeding individuals (autozooids). The latest Cambrian origin of bryozoans, several mollusk classes (polyplacophorans, cephalopods), and euconodonts was a major evolutionary development and can be considered the onset of the Ordovician radiation of more complex marine communities.
Keywords: bryozoans; Mexico; Pywackia baileyi; upper Cambrian

First Evidence for Cambrian Glaciation Provided by Sections in Avalonian New Brunswick and Ireland--Additional Data for Avalon-Gondwana Separation by the Earliest Palaeozoic - E. Landing; MacGabhann, B. A. (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010)
The first evidence for Cambrian glaciation is provided by two successions on the Avalon microcontinent. The middle lowest Cambrian (middle Terreneuvian Series and Fortunian Stage–Stage 2 boundary interval) has an incised sequence boundary overlain by a fluvial lowstand facies and higher, olive green, marine mudstone on Hanford Brook, southern New Brunswick. This succession in the lower Mystery Lake Member of the Chapel Island Formation may be related to melting of an ice sheet in Avalon. The evidence for this interpretation is a muddy diamictite with outsized (up to 10 cm in diameter), Proterozoic marble and basalt clasts that penetrated overlying laminae in the marine mudstone. That eustatic rise was associated with the mudstone deposition is suggested by an approximately coeval rise that deposited sediments with Watsonella crosbyi Zone fossils 650 km away in Avalonian eastern Newfoundland. A sea-level rise within the Watsonella crosbyi Chron, at ca. 535 Ma, may correspond to a unnamed negative 13C excursion younger than the basal Cambrian excursion (BACE) and the ZHUCE excursion in Stage 2 of the upper Terreneuvian Series. Cambrian dropstones are now also recognized on the northern (Gander) margin of Avalon in continental slope–rise sedimentary rocks in southeast Ireland. Although their age (Early–Middle Cambrian) is poorly constrained, dropstones in the Booley Bay Formation provide additional evidence for Cambrian glaciation on the Avalon microcontinent. Besides providing the first evidence of Cambrian glaciation, these dropstone deposits emphasize that Avalon was not part of or even latitudinally close to the terminal Ediacaran–Cambrian, tropical carbonate platform successions of West Gondwana.
Keywords: Booley Bay Formation; Cambrian; Chapel Island Formation; Diamictite; Glaciation; Ireland; Mystery Lake Member; New Brunswick; sequence stratigraphy

When the Phyla Came Marching In: Modern Marine Organisms Originate in the Cambrian Period - E. Landing (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: paleontology

A Cultural Resource Pre-Reconnaissance and Architectural Survey Report of PIN 1089.72.101, Proposed Expansion of the Intersection of George Street and Ann Street, Village of Fort Ann, Washington County, New York. - M. Lenardi; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Cultural Resource Site Examination Report of Burdick's Bridge Site, North Burdick Street Bridge Replacement, PIN 3753.76.121, Town of Manlius, Onondaga County, New York - M. Lenardi (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Cultural Resource Survey Report, Archaeological Reconnaissance of OGS-DOCS #41704, Improvement to the Firing Range, Fishkill Correctional Facility, City of Beacon, Town of Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - M. Lenardi (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Monitoring Report for PIN 3005.13.101, Route 31C over Skaneateles Creek, Village of Elbridge, Town of Elbridge, Onondaga County, New York - M. Lenardi (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Route 49 in the Town of Hastings, Oswego County, New York - M. Lenardi (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Towards Automating Artifact Analysis: A Study Showing Potential Application in Computer Vision and Morphometrics to Artifact Typology - M. Lenardi; D. E. Merwin (Morphometrics for Nonmorphometricians, 2010)
First released in 1961, William A. Ritchie’s A Typology and Nomenclature of New York State Projectile Points remains an influential resource for archaeologists working in the northeastern US. Ritchie examined a large and diverse sample of stone projectile points, but not all fit neatly into his typology. In this chapter, we propose that alternative approaches afforded by computer vision and morphometrics can shed light on this and other problems of traditional stone tool typology. With the advent of computer vision, we can now examine the entire morphological continuum of projectile points through statistical shape analysis. Following automated image capture, three analytical methods were evaluated using silhouette, outline, and landmark data. Biased free capture methods to record the form of an individual projectile point, together with using invariant shape descriptors to quantify the data, may result in more objective analysis than was possible in the past.
Keywords: computer vision; lithics typology; morphometrics; New York

Mining Periodic Behaviors for Moving Objects - Li, Z.; Ding, B.; Han, J.; R. W. Kays; Nye, P. (Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD'10),, 2010)
Keywords: autocorrelation; fourier transform; hierarchical clustering; moving objects; observation spot; periodic behavior

MoveMine: Mining Moving Object Databases - Li, Z.; ji, M.; Lee, J.-G.; Tang, L.; Han, J.; R. W. Kays (International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD, 2010)
With the maturity of GPS, wireless, and Web technologies, increasing amounts of movement data collected from various moving objects, such as animals, vehicles, mobile devices, and climate radars, have become widely available. Analyzing such data has broad applications, e.g., in ecological study, vehicle control, mobile communication management, and climatological forecast. However, few data mining tools are available for flexible and scalable analysis of massive-scale moving object data. Our system, MoveMine, is designed for sophisticated moving object data mining by integrating several attractive functions including moving object pattern mining and trajectory mining. We explore the state-of-the-art and novel techniques at implementation of the selected functions. A user-friendly interface is provided to facilitate interactive exploration of mining results and flexible tuning of the underlying methods. Since MoveMine is tested on multiple kinds of real data sets, it will benefit users to carry out versatile analysis on these kinds of data. At the same time, it will benefit researchers to realize the importance and limitations of current techniques as well as the potential future studies in moving object data mining.
Keywords: data mining; movement data

Swarm: Mining Relaxed Temporal Moving Object Clusters - Li, Z.; Ding, B.; Han, J.; R. W. Kays (Proceedings of the 2010 Int. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB'10), 2010)
Recent improvements in positioning technology make massive moving object data widely available. One important analysis is to find the moving objects that travel together. Existing methods put a strong constraint in defining moving object cluster, that they require the moving objects to stick together for consecutive timestamps. Our key observation is that the moving objects in a cluster may actually diverge temporarily and congregate at certain timestamps. Motivated by this, we propose the concept of swarm which captures the moving objects that move within arbitrary shape of clusters for certain timestamps that are possibly non-consecutive. The goal of our paper is to find all discriminative swarms, namely closed swarm. While the search space for closed swarms is prohibitively huge, we design a method, ObjectGrowth, to efficiently retrieve the answer. In ObjectGrowth, two effective pruning strategies are proposed to greatly reduce the search space and a novel closure checking rule is developed to report closed swarms on-the-fly. Empirical studies on the real data as well as large synthetic data demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.
Keywords: animal tracking; positioning technology

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 8463.15.101, Route 213/Snyder Boat Slip Culvert, Level II HAER Documentation, Town of Rosendale, Ulster County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Historic American Building Survey, Level II Documentation of Great Meadow Correctional Facility Power House (Building No. 3), Hamlet of Comstock, Town of Fort Ann, Washington County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Level II HAER Documentation for PIN 1116.43.121, Route 9N/Hudson River, Towns of Hadley/Luzerne, Saratoga/Warren Counties, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 9044.53.121, Route 30/Mine Kill Creek, Level II HAER Documentation, Town of Gilboa, Schoharie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

33Ms391: A Paleoindian Site in Southeastern Ohio - J. C. Lothrop; Cremeens, D. L. (Current Research in the Pleistocene, 2010)
A 2006 CRM study explored Paleoindian Site 33Ms391, located in Meigs County, southeastern Ohio, in the unglaciated Appalachian Plateaus province (GAI 2006a, 2006b). The site lies on a late-Pleistocene dune field that mantles a T3 terrace above the Ohio River.
Keywords: late Pleistocene; Paleoindian settlement; southern Ohio

Prehistoric Birdstones - J. C. Lothrop (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Diagenetic Uvite with Overgrown Dravite: Bigelow, St. Lawrence County, New York - M. V. Lupulescu; S. C. Chamberlain; Walter, M.; Wallace, S. (Rocks & Minerals, 2010)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7720.85.111, County Route 23 (Miner Farm Road), Town of Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York - A. Lynch (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Addendum Survey Report for PIN 8145.17.121, Route 211, Town of Montgomery, Orange County, New York - A. Lynch (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.23.121, Route 5 over Sterling Creek, Town of Schuyler, Herkimer County, New York - A. Lynch (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2805.27.121, Route 30/Unnamed Creek, Town of Long Lake, Hamilton County, New York - A. Lynch (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3021.19.121, Route 89, Town of Tyre, Seneca County, New York - A. Lynch (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 8145.17.121, Route 211 over Wallkill River, Town of Montgomery, Orange County, New York - A. Lynch (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Plan for PIN A031.03.701, Papscanee Creek 3 Site, Town of East Greenbush, Rensselaer, New York - D. E. Mazeau (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report for the Naima Site, PIN 0054.05.121, Town of Smithtown, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (New York State Museum, 2010)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0059.08, NYS Route 27 from Route 112 to Wading River Road, Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau; M.S. LoRusso; Pellerin, J. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Data Recovery Plan for the Papscanee Creek 3 Site, Town of East Greenbush, Rennselaer County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Karner Blue Butterfly - T. L. McCabe (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: biology

Asa Gray and the Development of Bryology in the United States - N. G. Miller (Harvard Papers in Botany, 2010)
Asa Gray never expanded his knowledge of floristic bryology to the extent he developed expertise in flowering plant taxonomy. Nevertheless, he became experienced in bryological floristics early in his botanical career, and Gray absorbed new bryological information, both floristic and conceptual, throughout his life from wherever it was generated. He had plans to advance bryology in the United States, including an exsiccata and publishing a volume devoted to cryptogams as part two of the second edition of his Manual, but both never happened. His respect for the bryological talent and energy of William S. Sullivant, whose achievements Gray consistently encouraged and fostered, allowed Sullivant, a non-academic in Columbus, Ohio, to become a highly regarded bryologist of international stature and the designated Father of American Bryology. The growth of bryofloristic knowledge in the United States is traced from the earliest colonial period to later workers, including Dillenius, André Michaux, Palisot de Beauvois, Henry Muhlenberg, Lewis Schweinitz, Lewis Beck, and John Torrey, to Asa Gray, and eventually to William Sullivant. The bryological work and accomplishments of each of them show that all participated in a sophisticated international network of information exchange by letter or other conveyance, thereby building important collections of bryophyte specimens and printed references. For some, this happened during the 1800s when improvements in compound light microscopy led to the resolution of morphology not before revealed with certainty in bryophytes and to conceptual advances in understanding the biology of these plants, which in turn allowed the discovery of the mesoscale structural uniqueness of them and continuing advancements in their systematics in the post-Sullivant era.
Keywords: André Michaux; Asa Gray; Dillenius; Henry Muhlenberg; history of botany; history of bryology; John Torrey; Lewis Beck; Lewis Schweinitz; Palisot de Beauvois; William Sullivant

Introduction and recent range expansion in the moss Ptychomitrium serratum (Ptychomitriaceae) in the Southern and Eastern United States - N. G. Miller; Robinson, S. C. (Botany, 2010)
The moss Ptychomitrium serratum (C. Müll. Hal. ex Schimp.) Besch., is native to Mexico and parts of western Texas and southern New Mexico, and it is a rare adventive in the area from East Texas and Louisiana to Missouri, Tennessee, South Carolina, and northward to locations near the coast in New York State and Massachusetts. In the adventive part of this calcicole’s range, all collections are from the past 50 years. Concrete, mortar, and rarely asphalt shingle are its only known substrata in this region, which contrasts sharply with its common occurrence on limestone in the native portion of its range. These observations indicate recent, perhaps on-going, immigration into the eastern United States and dispersal from established populations in this region. This monoicous moss commonly produces spores, which are its primary means of spread. Given the low density occurrences in the adventive portion of the range of P. serratum, dispersal may be generally northeastward from Mexico – Texas – New Mexico, following northeastward storm tracks in the southern and eastern United States. The apparently recent spread of this moss does not show obvious reliance on any direct human activity.
Keywords: adventive and naturalized mosses; calcicole; concrete and mortar as moss habitat.; plant introduction history; species rarity; spore dispersal

Up in the Air: Aerobiological Discoveries at the New York State Museum - N. G. Miller (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: biology

Investigation of the endosymbionts of Dreissena stankovici with Morphological and Molecular Confirmation of Host Species - D. P. Molloy; L. Giamberini; Burlakova, L. E.; Karatayev, A. Y.; J. R. Cryan; Trajanovski, S. L.; Trajanovska, S. P. (The Zebra Mussel in Europe, 2010)
We investigated the types of endosymbionts present in Dreissena mussels in Lake Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, and characterized their intensity, prevalence, location, and host impact. Considering the taxonomic uncertainty of many Balkan dreissenid populations, accurate host identity was considered a very high priority. Our efforts using both morphological and molecular approaches confirmed the identity of all mussels examined to be Dreissena stankovici. Key external shell characteristics of D. stankovici are its possession of a: 1) a carina, 2) a convex posterior ventral surface, and 3) a sharp dorsal longitudinal ridge that is distinctively-peaked in most specimens and slightly convex to almost straight immediately posterior to its peak. Nucleotide sequence data were successfully generated for 67 Lake Ohrid Dreissena. For each mussel, sequences were obtained for at least 1 of the following 3 DNA loci: mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA, nuclear gene 28S rRNA, and mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Remarkably little intraspecific variation was observed in our data matrices for these 3 gene regions, and we interpreted this, in combination with BLAST searches of the NCBI database, as strong evidence that the specimens examined were all conspecific D. stankovici. Specimens of Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena rostriformis bugensis were used for comparison purposes in both morphological and molecular analyses. This is the first study documenting the endosymbiont community in D. stankovici. This dreissenid population in Lake Ohrid appears to have a rich endosymbiont assemblage, ranging from commensals to parasites, and is comprised primarily of ciliates (Conchophthirus, Hypocomagalma, Ophryoglena, and Sphenophrya), trematodes (Echinostomatidae and Phyllodistomum), and intracytoplasmic prokaryote infections. One of the most interesting findings of our study was how similar this endosymbiont assemblage was to that reported from European D. polymorpha populations. This perhaps should not be unexpected, however, since D. stankovici and D. polymorpha are considered sister taxa with divergence estimated at only several million years ago.
Keywords: Dreissena; endosymbionts; Lake Ohrid; mussels; Republic of Macedonia

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Culvert Replacement, Town of New Haven, Oswego County, New York - Moragne, S.; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Screening Survey for PIN 1935.49, Livingston Ave Railroad Bridge, Albany and Rensselaer Counties, New York - Moragne, S. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Citizen Soldier: New York's National Guard in the American Century - Noble, A. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: history

The Story of a WWII Citizen Soldier - Noble, A. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: history

Encounters with Postcolonialism in Irish Archaeology - Orser, C. E. (Handbook of Postcolonial Archaeology, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Foreword - Orser, C. E. (Soldiers, Cities, and Landscapes: Papers in Honor of Charles L. Fisher, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Three 19th-Century House Sites in Rural Ireland - Orser, C. E. (Post-Medieval Archaeology, 2010)
This report describes archaeological research at three house sites in rural Ireland. The anthropologically-based research began in 1994 with the goal of attempting to understand the material conditions of daily life in the 19th-century Irish countryside. The excavation results presented here were obtained from individual households in counties Roscommon, Sligo and Donegal, at sites dating from the early to mid-19th century. Two of the sites are known to have been abandoned as a result of forced eviction. Particular attention is paid to the ceramics found.
Keywords: 19th-century; Archaeology; daily life; house sites; Ireland

Twenty-First Century Historical Archaeology - Orser, C. E. (Journal of Archaeological Research, 2010)
The practice of historical archaeology has exploded over the past two decades, and especially since 2000. Methodological advances and new theoretical insights mean that archaeological research requires periodic evaluation, and this overview builds on the work of three earlier assessors of the discipline. Here, I concentrate on four areas of research currently being pursued by historical archaeologists: analytical scale, capitalism, social inequality, and heritage and memory. I conclude that historical archaeologists have made major strides in understanding the modern world and that future research promises to offer diverse perspectives that will deepen our appreciation for how the past influences the present.
Keywords: Capitalism; Heritage and memory; Historical archaeology; Inequality; Scale

Cultural Resources Screening Evaluation for PIN 5512.52.101, Route 33 Kensington Expressway, City of Buffalo, Erie County, New York - J. F. Pasquini (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Screening Evaluation for Various Locations in Clinton and Franklin Counties, New York - J. F. Pasquini (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Sensitivity Evaluation for Various Locations in Albany County, New York - J. F. Pasquini (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Local Industry Reflects a Local Community--The Watts Blacksmith Shop - M. Pickands (Soldiers, Cities, and Landscapes: Papers in Honor of Charles L. Fisher, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology history

Cultural Resources Historic Preservation Monitoring Report # 1 (August 2010), Crown Point Historic Site, Lake Champlain Bridge Project, Crown Point, New York - C. B. Rieth (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey and Site Examination Report for PIN 8809.73.101, The Peaslee Paper Mill Site, Town of Chatham, Columbia County, New York. - C. B. Rieth; A. Lynch; Pellerin, J.; H. Brown; T. Thomas; Moragne, S. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN AX16.13.701, Documentation of pre-1929 Ferry Landing, Lake Champlain Bridge Project, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - C. B. Rieth (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Historic Preservation Monitoring Report #5 for the Lake Champlain Bridge Project, Crown Point, New York - C. B. Rieth (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Historic Preservation Monitoring Report # 6 for the Lake Champlain Bridge Project, Crown Point, New York - C. B. Rieth (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Letter Report for PIN 1807.72, Route 9N, Town of Hague, Warren County, New York - C. B. Rieth (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Stylistic and Technological Analysis of Ceramic Vessels from the Bailey Site, Onondaga County, New York - C. B. Rieth; Horton, E. (Preserving Tradition and Understanding the Past: Papers from the Conference on Iroquois Research, 2001-2005, 2010)
Iroquoian village and hamlet sites are known for their large and diverse artifact assemblages. Lithic and ceramic artifacts constitute the majority of the artifacts found on these sites in New York and southern Ontario (Lennox 1995; Ritchie and Funk 1973; Snow 1995). Detailed analyses of these materials often provide insights into the settlement, subsistence, economic, and interaction patterns of the community (Snow 1994; Rieth and Horton 2006). Archaeological excavations by the New York State Museum’s Cultural Resource Survey Program at the precontact Bailey site in Onondaga County, New York, produced a large ceramic assemblage consisting of vessel fragments (Rieth and Horton 2006). Stylistic and technological analyses of these artifacts contribute to our understanding of the chronology of the site and enhance our understanding of Native manufacturing techniques. This chapter provides an overview of the ceramic assemblage fromthe Bailey site, describes howthe vessels were used, and discusses the role of ceramic vessels within the larger realm of Iroquoian settlement and subsistence. Adiscussion of howthis information can be used to understand Iroquoian culture and history follows.
Keywords: anthropology

A 23-Year Assessment of Vegetation Composition and Change in the Adirondack Alpine Zone, New York State - Robinson, S. C.; Ketchledge, E. H.; Fitzgerald, B. T.; Raynal, D. J.; Kimmerer, R. W. (Rhodora, 2010)
The Adirondack Mountains of New York State hold some of the southernmost communities of alpine vegetation in the eastern United States. Containing the greatest concentration of rare and endangered species in New York State, this ∼12,000-year-old ecosystem is important to understanding the ecological history of northeastern North America. In order to monitor floristic and vegetational shifts over time, 11 permanent transects were established in 1984 on four summits (Wright, Algonquin, Boundary, and Iroquois) of the MacIntyre Range in the Adirondack High Peaks region. Using the point-intercept method, all 11 transects were sampled in 1984, 1994, 2002, and 2007. Vegetation composition changed significantly over the 23-year period, with an overall decrease in bryophytes/lichens and an increase in vascular plants, indicating that vascular plants were replacing bryophytes, particularly in areas not disturbed by hikers. Community similarity was high among all transects, and increased with time for vascular plants as they became more abundant, indicating a successional convergence. Compositional shifts may also reflect effects of global warming and atmospheric deposition on alpine plant communities.
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains; alpine flora; bryophytes; permanent transect; succession; vegetation change

Cultural Resource Addendum Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3501.52.121, Sentinel Heights Road over Interstate 81, Town of Onondaga, Onondaga County, New York - J. Ross (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 3057.57.121, The Carter Creek I and II Sites, Town of Newfield, Tompkins County, New York - J. Ross (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Architectural Report for PIN 2805.02.121, 15 Intersections on Routes 5 and 20, Amsterdam, New York - V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1805.68.101, Ferry Road/Mohawk River Barge Channel, Level II HAER Documentation, Town of Niskayuna, Schenectady County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3806.47.121, Route 49, ADA Sidewalk Replacement, Town of Constantia, Oswego County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cypripedium parviflorum in the Northwest, with the Description of a New Variety - C. J. Sheviak (The Native Orchid Conference Journal, 2010)
Keywords: biology

On a Hypothetical Evolutionary Process in Platanthera - C. J. Sheviak (The Native Orchid Conference Journal, 2010)
Keywords: biology

Orchids of New York - C. J. Sheviak; Young, S. (New York State Conservationist, 2010)
Keywords: biology

The Roots of the Herbarium - C. J. Sheviak (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: biology

Surficial Geology of the Pine Island Quadrangle, New York - Smith, C. A.; Stefanik, P. A.; A. L. Kozlowski (Map & Chart Series, 2010)

Surficial Geology of the Shandaken Quadrangle, NY - Smith, C. A.; A. L. Kozlowski; Stefanik, P. A. (Map & Chart Series, 2010)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report Department of Enviornmetnal Conservation, Stony Kill Environmental Center, Town of Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - Sobik, C. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2071.08.101, Route 291 over Nine Mile Creek, Town of Marcy, Oneida County, New York - Sobik, C.; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3805.44.121, Route 176, Town of Hannibal, Oswego County, New York - Sobik, C. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Route 176, Town of Hannibal, Oswego County, New York - Sobik, C. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1808.31.101, Interstate 87, Town of Halfmoon, Saratoga County, New York - Sobik, C. (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report of NYSM Site 10168, Hobby Farm Site, PIN 2801.27.123, Judd Road Extension, Town of New Hartford, Oneida County, New York - J. Sopko (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1043.50.101, Route 9 and NY 32 at 5th Street and Main Street Intersection, Village of South Glens Falls, Town of Moreau, Saratoga County, New York - D. Staley; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Route 264@Biddlecum Road, Town of Schroeppel, Oswego County, New York - D. Staley (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3806.39.121, ADA Sidewalk Replacement, Hamlet of Williamstown, Oswego County, New York - D. Staley; V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3806.39.121, ADA Sidewalk Replacement, Village of Hannibal, Oswego County, New York - D. Staley; V. A. Schmitt (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2037.20.121, New York State Route 31 over Oneida Creek, Town of Verona, Oneida County, New York and Town of Lenox, Madison County, New York - D. Staley; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of the Deansboro Creamery Co. Site, PIN 2030.06.121, Route 315 over Oriskany Creek, Town of Marshall, Oneida County, New York - D. Staley (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Deansboro Creamery Co. Site - D. Staley (Newsletter of the New York Archaeological Council, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Letter Report on Archaeological Monitoring for PIN 2064.01.122, Construction along Route 5S Corridor at Culver Avenue Ramp, City of Utica, Oneida County, New York - D. Staley (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Evolution of Delphacidae (Hemiptera:Fulgoroidea): Combined-Evidence Phylogenetics Reveals Importance of Grass Host Shifts - J. M. Urban; Bartlett, C. R.; J. R. Cryan (Systematic Entomology, 2010)
The planthopper family Delphacidae is a speciose lineage of phloem-feeding insects, with many species considered as pests of economic significance on essential world food commodities (including rice, maize, wheat, barley and sugar cane). Despite their economic importance, evolutionary relationships among delphacids, particularly those within the speciose tribe Delphacini, are largely unknown. Presented here are the results of a phylogenetic investigation of Delphacidae based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from four genetic loci (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, wingless and cytochrome oxidase I) and 132 coded morphological characters. The resulting topologies are used to test the higher classification of Delphacidae and to examine evolutionary patterns in host–plant associations. Our results generally support the higher classifications of Delphacidae proposed by Asche, Emeljanov and Hamilton, and suggest that the rapid diversification of the Delphacini was associated with host shifts to, and within, Poaceae, and specifically from C3 to C4 grasses.
Keywords: Delphacidae; phloem-feeding insects; Phylogenetics; planthopper; taxonomy

Bedrock Geology of the Westerlo Quadrangle, New York - C. A. Ver Straeten (Map & Chart Series, 2010)

Lessons from the Foreland Basin: Northern Appalachian Basin Perspectives on the Acadian Orogeny - C. A. Ver Straeten (From Rodinia to Pangea: The Lithotectonic Record of the Appalachian Region, 2010)
Foreland basin rocks of the northern Appalachian basin in New York and adjacent areas contain a significant Upper Silurian to Devonian record of Acadian orogenesis. Sediment composition, stratal geometry, stratigraphic anomalies, and distribution of volcanic air-fall tephras through time and space provide insights into patterns of tectonism and quiescence, uplift and unroofing, tectonically induced basin flexure, and explosive volcanism in the orogenic belt. Herein, I combine a literature review and new data to examine several aspects of the foreland basin fill and their implications. Established models of Acadian-related impacts on the foreland, including tectophase development, are tested against a more refined high-resolution stratigraphy. Some sedimentary patterns are cyclic; others evolve through time. Initial study of synorogenic conglomerates across 40 m.y. of sedimentation sketches an unroofing history of the orogen. Stratigraphic anomalies delineate a flexural history interpreted directly from the rock record: topographic features in the foredeep migrate toward the craton in tectonically active intervals and toward the orogen during quiescent intervals. In addition, the forebulge undergoes cyclic uplift and leveling. These results differ from predictions in existing models of foreland basin kinematics. Preserved air-fall tephras reflect a history of explosive volcanism along the orogen. Comparisons of igneous rocks from the foreland and orogen portray a larger picture of Lower Emsian magmatism. Finally, I summarize the chronology of foreland basin signatures of orogenesis. Data and interpretations presented here should be compared with the record of Acadian orogenesis from the mountain belt in order to better determine causation and outline a more detailed synthesis of the Acadian orogeny.
Keywords: Acadian orogenesis; Devonian; Foreland basin rocks; New York; northern Appalachian Basin; Upper Silurian

Not Just Another Pretty Face - Walsh, J. P.; Lenig, W. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: anthropology

Large-range Movements of Neotropical Orchid Bees Observed Via Radio Telemetry (Belorussian translation) - M. Wikelski; Moxley, J.; Eaton-Mordas, A.; Lopez-Uribe, M. M.; Holland, R.; Moskowitz, D.; Roubik, D. W.; R. W. Kays (PLoS One, 2010)
Neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) are often cited as classic examples of trapline-foragers with potentially extensive foraging ranges. If long-distance movements are habitual, rare plants in widely scattered locations may benefit from euglossine pollination services. Here we report the first successful use of micro radio telemetry to track the movement of an insect pollinator in a complex and forested environment. Our results indicate that individual male orchid bees (Exaerete frontalis) habitually use large rainforest areas (at least 42–115 ha) on a daily basis. Aerial telemetry located individuals up to 5 km away from their core areas, and bees were often stationary, for variable periods, between flights to successive localities. These data suggest a higher degree of site fidelity than what may be expected in a free living male bee, and has implications for our understanding of biological activity patterns and the evolution of forest pollinators.
Keywords: foraging ranges; micro radio telemetry; Neotropical orchid bees; trapline-foragers

New York's Wildflowers in True Colors - Williams, C. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2010)
Keywords: photography; wild flowers

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Route 176 at mile marker 176-3402-1065, Town of Granby, Oswego County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3805.44.121, Route 176 at mile marker 176-3402-1065, Town of Granby, Oswego County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (New York State Department of Transportation, 2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8239.38.101, Route 9W at Young Ave, Town of Marlboro, Ulster County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8239.38.101, Route 9W at Young Ave, Town of Marlboro, Ulster County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8561.34.121, Route 35/202 Crompound Road, Town of Yorktown, Westchester, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8561.34.121, Route 35/202 Crompound Road, Town of Yorktown, Westchester, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Letter Report for PIN 2029.25, Archaeological Monitoring and Data Recovery for Routes 5s, 10 and 920T, Town of Canajoharie, Montogmery County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (New York State Department of Transporation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Letter Report for PIN 2029.25, Archaeological Monitoring and Data Recovery for Routes 5s, 10 and 920T, Town of Canajoharie, Montogmery County, New York - L. J. Xinakes (2010)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Update on the Schuyler Flats Burial Ground - L. M. Anderson (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2009)
Keywords: anthropology

Terminology of Geological Time: Establishment of a Community Standard - Aubry, M.-P.; Van Covering, J. A.; Christie-Blick, N.; E. Landing; Pratt, B. R.; Owen, D. E.; Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (Stratigraphy, 2009)
It has been recommended that geological time be described in a single set of terms and according to metric or SI (“Système International d’Unités”) standards, to ensure “worldwide unification of measurement”. While any effort to improve communication in scientific research and writing is to be encouraged, we are also concerned that fundamental differences between date and duration, in the way that our profession expresses geological time, would be lost in such an oversimplified terminology. In addition, no precise value for ‘year’ in the SI base unit of second has been accepted by the international bodies.Under any circumstances, however, it remains the fact that geological dates – as points in time – are not relevant to the SI. Known dates may define durations, just as known durations may define dates, or dates may simply be punctual references that support historical narratives, but dates are not quantities. Furthermore, dates, as datum points, belong to a specific type of guiding information that is in constant use not only by the disciplines that explore the unwritten past, but in the physical sciences and engineering as well. Accordingly, we recommend a new standardization of the distinction between geohistorical date, in years before present expressed in ‘annus’, symbol ‘a’,with the multiples ‘ka’, ‘Ma’, and ‘Ga’ for thousands, millions and billions of years ago, according to a convention that has been very widely adopted during the last 30 years, and geohistorical duration, expressed in ‘year’, symbol ‘yr’, with multiples ‘kyr’, ‘Myr’ and ‘Gyr’, respectively, as the most appropriate among the various formats in the current literature. Agreement on these two sets of terms throughout the wide community that deals with paleochronology would remove a false impression of improvisation and uncertainty as to appropriate terminology, and would lead to more effective communication in areas where a simplified but needlessly SI-conisistent terminology would be less, not more useful.
Keywords: geology

Minerals of the Silurian Lockport Group Central and Western New York State - Bailey, D. G.; M. Hawkins; Hiler, C. (Rocks & Minerals, 2009)
Keywords: geology

Refining the Timing of Faunal Turnover in the Middle Devonian Appalachian Basin: Paleoecological Analysis of the Earliest Hamilton Fauna and a Revision of the Base of the Givetian Stage in Eastern North America - Bartholomew, A. J.; Schramm, T. J.; C. A. Ver Straeten; Over, D. J. (New York State Geological Association, 81st Annual Meeting Guidebook, 2009)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Cultural Resources Documentation for PIN A600.08, Railroad Depot, Syracuse, New York - H. Brown; M.S. LoRusso (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2125.16.101, Route 30A with NY Route 29 and 67, City of Johnstown, Fulton County, New York - J. S. Cardinal; V. A. Schmitt (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8239.36.121 Monitoring of Underground Well and Cistern at 172-174 Broadway, Town of Esopus, Ulster County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Geoarchaeology of a Strath Terrace in the Upper Ohio Valley, West Virginia - Cremeens, D. L.; J. C. Lothrop (Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2009)
Soil characterization and distribution on a narrow ridge strath terrace bordering the Ohio River in the northern panhandle of West Virginia was evaluated to determine the stratigraphic context of the cultural remains of two prehistoric archaeological sites. Five soil map units were delineated in the project area based on the distribution of regolith materials and associated soil characteristics. Shale and sandstone residuum in the central crest of the ridge is covered with a laterally discontinuous mantle of Pleistocene alluvium, 0.25 to >1.2 m thick, and a continuous mantle of Late Pleistocene loess, 0.25 to 1.1 m thick. Hapludalfs formed in the loess over alluvium, or in loess over residuum, indicate moderate to long-term (e.g., 12,000 yr) pedogenesis. On steep shoulder slopes, Dystrudepts in shallow residuum with little to no loess indicate limited pedogenesis and possible early to mid-Holocene erosion. Panhandle Archaic inhabitants of Site 46Br31 (∼6090–3400 yr BP) harvested freshwater mussels from the Ohio River below the ridge, and after consumption discarded the shells on the shoulder slopes at the southern end of the ridge. The resultant shell middens, largely disturbed by 20th century relic hunters, form a complex map unit of Dystrudepts and Udorthents. The distribution of soils on this ridge and the associated archaeological remains indicate that the successive occupations of prehistoric Native American inhabitants lived on the same ground surface. The resultant cultural remains were not buried or stratigraphically separated. The modern soil surface is an approximate, although eroded, remnant of the occupied ground surface. The vertical distribution of artifacts reflects several millennia on a mature soil surface with an evolving biomantle.
Keywords: Archaic; Dystrudepts; pedogenesis; Soil characterization

Holocene Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Memorial Park Site (36Cn164), West Branch Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania - Cremeens, D. L.; J. P. Hart (Archaeology of Eastern North America, 2009)
The Memorial Park Site (36Cn164) is a deeply stratified, multicomponent prehistoric site on a Holocene terrace of the West Branch Susquehanna River in central Pennsylvania. Archaeological excavations and geoarchaeological analyses revealed silt loam to loam overbank sediments, punctuated by seven buried soils spanning a time interval of 7090-1480 yrs B.P. Changes in the buried surficial environments and soils were the result of the late Pleistocene to Holocene channel dynamics of the West Branch and the formation three landforms: the evolving Port Huron terrace, an abandoned channel remnant, and a natural levee. The eastward migration of the West Branch meander channel resulted in lateral and vertical variability in the distinctness of the buried soils. Older, more stable geomorphic surfaces prevailed on the western portion of the site, defining the Port Huron terrace, a pedocomplex of a fragipan Btx horizon superimposed over one or more weakly developed soils. The Port Huron terrace was the primary focus of occupation during the mid-Holocene. Younger, less stable geomorphic surfaces characterize the eastern portions of the site and define the abandoned channel remnant and the natural levee. These landforms are characterized with thin, diffuse Ab horizons associated with weak B horizons and C horizons. The natural levee and channel remnant were not intensively used until ca. 4500-5000 B.P. when these landforms first afforded elevated, stable loci for human activity. The upper two buried soils extend across the entire site and contain evidence of site-wide late Holocene occupations. These uppermost soils formed in sediments that blanketed the terrace-channel-levee topography.
Keywords: Archaeology; Fragipan; Port Huron terrace; Susquehanna River basin

Phylogenetics: Reconstructing the Tree of Life - J. R. Cryan (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2009)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1722.04.101, Route 9 and I-87 Utility Pole Placement, Town of Chester, Hamlet of Pottersville, Warren County, New York - B. R. Dale (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3045.51.121, Route 104 Stormwater Drainage and Wetland Mitigation, Town of Scriba and Oswego, Oswego County, New York - B. R. Dale; V. A. Schmitt (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Route 67 and 50, Towns of Ballston and Malta, Saratoga County, New York - B. R. Dale; V. A. Schmitt (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of the Henry Knox Cannon Trail Restoration Project, Town of Hague, Warren County, New York and City of Albany, New York - B. R. Dale; Moragne, S. (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for the Mattitson Site, Dr. Snyder Site, and the Grange Site, Village of Scriba, Oswego County, New York - B. R. Dale (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of The Mattison Site, Dr. Snyder Site, and Grange Site, Village of Scriba, Oswego County, New York - B. R. Dale (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Effects of Global Warming on Ancient Mammalian Communities and Their Environments - DeSantis, L. R. G.; R. S. Feranec; MacFadden, B. J. (Plos One, 2009)
Background Current global warming affects the composition and dynamics of mammalian communities and can increase extinction risk; however, long-term effects of warming on mammals are less understood. Dietary reconstructions inferred from stable isotopes of fossil herbivorous mammalian tooth enamel document environmental and climatic changes in ancient ecosystems, including C3/C4 transitions and relative seasonality. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we use stable carbon and oxygen isotopes preserved in fossil teeth to document the magnitude of mammalian dietary shifts and ancient floral change during geologically documented glacial and interglacial periods during the Pliocene (~1.9 million years ago) and Pleistocene (~1.3 million years ago) in Florida. Stable isotope data demonstrate increased aridity, increased C4 grass consumption, inter-faunal dietary partitioning, increased isotopic niche breadth of mixed feeders, niche partitioning of phylogenetically similar taxa, and differences in relative seasonality with warming. Conclusion/Significance Our data show that global warming resulted in dramatic vegetation and dietary changes even at lower latitudes (~28°N). Our results also question the use of models that predict the long term decline and extinction of species based on the assumption that niches are conserved over time. These findings have immediate relevance to clarifying possible biotic responses to current global warming in modern ecosystems.
Keywords: global warming; Pleistocene; Pliocene; stable isotope analysis

Surficial Geology of the Phoenicia 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Greene and Ulster Counties, New York - Desimone, D. D; Manchester, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2009)

Lichens and Bryophytes of the Alpine and Subalpine Zones of Katahdin, Maine, I: Overview, Ecology, Climate and Conservation Aspects - Dibble, A. C.; N. G. Miller; Hinds, J. W.; Fryday, A. M. (Bryologist, 2009)
Katahdin, the highest peak in Maine at 1606 m, has about 13 km2 (1300 ha) of alpine and subalpine tundra and krummholz on a summit plateau and in upper cirque basins. Lichens and bryophytes have been collected above tree line since the mid-19th century, but the cryptogam biota of the mountain has remained incompletely documented. For 16 days during 2001–2004 we inventoried lichens and bryophytes of the subalpine and alpine zones of Katahdin (above 884 m), visiting open alpine tundra, alpine cliffs in glacial cirques, seeps, fellfields, krummholz and subalpine forests. We relocated most species represented by historic collections and added many more to the documented biota, including significant range extensions and species new to North America or northeastern United States. The floristic results are presented in two associated papers. Here we (1) summarize previous studies of the botany, ecology and geology of Katahdin; (2) compare quadrats from a Diapensia heath in exposed alpine tundra on the Table Land with a snow bed community just below the Table Land, where a marked difference in the bryophyte and lichen assemblages may reflect cryptogam-vascular plant interactions and/or site-specific differences; and (3) summarize unpublished weather data collected at the Chimney Pond Ranger Station (ca. 890 m). Katahdin and Mt. Washington, New Hampshire, have similar recent temperature and precipitation records on the basis of the available data. Katahdin shares some vegetation components and climate features with mountain ranges in the Pacific Northwest, New Zealand and the Scottish Highlands that have been studied for lichens and/or bryophytes.
Keywords: alpine; bryophytes; Chimney Pond weather data; conservation; Diapensia heath; Katahdin; lichens; Maine; snow bed; species rarity

The Fort Ancient Archaeological Tradition - P. B. Drooker (Archaeology in America: An Encyclopedia, vol. 2, Midwest and Great Plains/Rocky Mountains, 2009)
Keywords: anthropology

Understanding a Globe Basket and Its Makers - Duggan, B. J. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2009)
Keywords: anthropology

MOHICAN SEMINAR 3 The Journey--An Algonquian Peoples Seminar - Dunn, S. W. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 2009)
Keywords: anthropology history

Evolution Every Day - R. S. Feranec; J. R. Cryan; J. J. Kirchman (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2009)
Keywords: biology

Evolution of Ecology in Mammals - R. S. Feranec (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2009)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Implications of Radiocarbon Dates from Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County, California, USA - R. S. Feranec (Radiocarbon, 2009)
New dates obtained from the bone collagen of mammals from the deposits in Potter Creek Cave, Shasta County, California, USA, show that these fossils were emplaced over the last 30,000 yr. The dates support the assignment of the fauna in the cave to the late Pleistocene and are contemporaneous to the dates obtained from the fauna of Samwel Cave located 5 km to the north. These new dates do not support previous radiocarbon dates suggesting a Holocene extinction of the extinct bovid Euceratherium collinum, and demonstrate that this and other megafauna were not present in the vicinity after the terminal Pleistocene.
Keywords: Euceratherium collinum; extinction; late Pleistocene mammals; radiocarbon dating

Stable Isotopes Reveal Seasonal Competition for Resources Between Late Pleistocene Bison (Bison) and Horse (Equus) from Rancho La Brea, Southern California - R. S. Feranec; Hadley, E. A.; Paytan, A. (Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 2009)
Determining how organisms partition or compete for resources within ecosystems can reveal how communities are assembled. The Late Pleistocene deposits at Rancho La Brea are exceptionally diverse in large mammalian carnivores and herbivores, and afford a unique opportunity to study resource use and partitioning among these megafauna. Resource use was examined in bison and horses by serially sampling the stable carbon and oxygen isotope values found within tooth enamel of individual teeth of seven bison and five horses. Oxygen isotope results for both species reveal a pattern of seasonal enamel growth, while carbon isotope values reveal a more subtle seasonal pattern of dietary preferences. Both species ate a diet dominated by C3 plants, but bison regularly incorporated C4 plants into their diets, while horses ate C4 plants only occasionally. Bison had greater total variation in carbon isotope values than did horses implying migration away from Rancho La Brea. Bison appear to incorporate more C4 plants into their diets during winter, which corresponds to previous studies suggesting that Rancho La Brea, primarily surrounded by C3 plants, was used by bison only during late spring. The examination of intra-tooth isotopic variation which reveals intra-seasonal resource use among bison and horse at Rancho La Brea highlights the utility of isotopic techniques for understanding the intricacies of ecology within and between ancient mammals.
Keywords: C-13; Competition; Diet; Enamel; Migration; O-18; Population; Resource partitioning; Species coexistence; Stable isotopes; Ungulata

Beneath the City: An Archaeological Perspective of Albany - C. L. Fisher (New York State Museum Circular, 2009)
Keywords: anthropology history

Early Historic Archaeology in Albany - C. L. Fisher (Archaeology in America: An Encyclopedia, vol. 1, Northeast and Southeast, 2009)
Keywords: anthropology

Scatter Hoarding by the Central-American Agouti: A Test of Optimal Cache Spacing Theory - Galvez, D.; Kranstauber, G.; R. W. Kays; Jansen, P. A. (Animal Behaviour, 2009)
Optimal cache spacing theory predicts that scatter-hoarding animals store food at a density that balances the gains of reducing cache robbery against the costs of spacing out caches further. We tested the key prediction that cache robbery and cache spacing increase with the economic value of food: the ratio of food to consumer abundance. We quantified cache pilferage and cache spacing by the Central American agouti, Dasyprocta punctata, in the tropical forest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, across 10 1 ha plots that encompassed a more than100-fold range in the availability of Astrocaryum palm seeds, the agouti's principal food. We found that caches were pilfered at higher rates in plots with lower seed availability, and that agoutis cached seeds further away and into lower densities where seed availability was lower. Food scarcity apparently increased the pressure of food competitors on caches, stimulating agoutis to put more effort into caching seeds to create lower cache densities, fully consistent with theory. We conclude that the optimal cache density depends not only on the nutritional value of food but also on the economic value, which may vary in space as well as time.
Keywords: cache pilferage; camera trapping; Central American agouti; Dasyprocta punctata; food availability; optimal cache spacing; scatter hoarding; Seed dispersal; tropical forest

Isotopic Analysis of the Ecology of Herbivores and Carnivores from the Middle Pleistocene Deposits of the Sierra de Atapuerca, Northern Spain - Garcia, N.; R. S. Feranec; Arsuaga, J. L.; Bermudez de Castro, J. M.; Carbonell, C. (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009)
Carbon and oxygen isotope values reveal resource partitioning among the large mammal fauna from three contemporaneous Middle Pleistocene hominid-bearing localities within the Sierra de Atapuerca (northern Spain). Carbon isotope values sampled from the tooth enamel of fauna present during Atapuerca Faunal Unit 6 show that a C3-dominated ecosystem surrounded the area where fossils were preserved during this time. For the herbivores, Fallow deer isotope values are significantly different from Red deer and horses and show that this species did not forage in open environments at this locality. Red deer and horses show similar feeding strategies with less negative carbon values implying use of more open environments for these taxa. For the carnivores, carbon isotope values for Ursus deningeri are significantly different from either lions (Panthera leo) or foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and support the contention that this species is herbivorous. Special metabolic mechanisms involved in hibernation in U. deningeri might also have influenced its isotope values. The carbon isotope values of remaining carnivores were similar and suggest that each was typically a generalist carnivore, eating a wide variety of prey items. While the isotopic results generally correspond to ecology indicated by previous techniques, this study shows that isotope analyses can provide further insights that alternate techniques do not provide. Isotope analyses can help elucidate the ancient ecology of taxa present in the Sierra de Atapuerca during the Middle Pleistocene allowing for an accurate portrayal of the setting in which humans lived.
Keywords: C-13; Diet; Ecology; Enamel; Mammal; O-18; Pleistocene

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for Shower Building and Water/Gas Lines Replacement, Lake George Battlefield Campground, Town of Lake George, Warren County, New York - A. Gore (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for I-87, City of Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7024.06, NY 22B, Hamlet of Morrisonville, Schuyler Falls, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore; V. A. Schmitt (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7720.97.221, NYSDOT Commercial Vehicle Inspection Facility, Town of Champlain, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7804.89.101, NY 37, Town of Waddington, St. Lawrence County, New York--Addendum - A. Gore; M.S. LoRusso (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Shower Building and Water/Gas Lines Replacement, Lake George Battlefield Campground, Town of Lake George, Warren County, New York - A. Gore (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 7720.79.211, US 11 over I-87, Town of Champlain, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 7720.88.111, NY 22 over I-87, Town of Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Non-linear Relationship Between Bulk d13C and Percent Maize in Carbonized Cooking Residues and the Potential of False-negatives in Detecting Maize - J. P. Hart; Urquhart, G. R.; R. S. Feranec; Lovis, W. A. (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009)
Bulk δ13C values on charred cooking residues adhering to pottery sherd interior surfaces have been used as a source of information on the histories of maize in various locations in the western hemisphere. This approach is based on an assumption of a linear relationship between the percent maize in the resource mix cooked in a pot and δ13C. Previous experiments suggest that this relationship is non-linear, and maize may not be identified from bulk δ13C values even when it contributed substantially to the resource mix. A second round of experiments, presented here, indicates that the mobilization of carbon from maize and C3 resources over time is the critical variable in residue formation and the resulting bulk δ13C value. This is influenced by the form of maize being cooked.
Keywords: Bulk δ13C; Maize history; Pottery residue; Prehistoric cooking techniques

On Pottery Change and Northern Iroquoian Origins: An Assessment from the Finger Lakes Region of Central New York - J. P. Hart; H. J. Brumbach (Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2009)
Pots as tools is a concept that has been widely accepted and developed since Braun’s classic 1983 publication. However, in northeastern North America archaeologists continue to use pottery primarily as an aid to culture history and research problems based thereon. In central New York State it has been postulated that a change in pottery forming technique heralds the onset of Iroquoian pottery traditions at around AD 1000. Empirical data on pottery forming and two other pottery traits do not support this postulation. Rather the trends in these traits are consistent with social learning theory and changes in mobility and population aggregation. Following Engelbrecht (1999, 2003) we suggest that a more fruitful approach to understanding the evolution of northern Iroquoian groups is to be found in ethnogenesis theory as described by Moore (1994, 2001).
Keywords: Ethnogenesis; Local populations; Northern Iroquoians; Pottery; Social learning

The Use of Multiple Discriminant Analysis in Classifying Prehistoric Phytolith Assemblages Recovered from Cooking Residues - J. P. Hart; Matson, R. G. (Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009)
In the investigation of the dispersal of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) from south-central Mexico to the northern and southern limits of agriculture in the Western Hemisphere archaeologists and paleoethnobotanists are increasingly turning to the microbotanical record. Recent analysis of phytolith assemblages from charred cooking residues on pottery sherds in central New York recovered using 209 rondel phytolith variables has identified maize as early as 2270 ± 35 B.P. In this article we use discriminant analysis to re-classify these rondel phytolith assemblages resulting in only seven variables. The results are consistent with those achieved earlier using many more variables and a less formal statistical approach in terms of classification and in similarity of the original and reduced data matrix as seen by the Mantel test and cluster analyses.
Keywords: Chord distance; Cluster analysis; Discriminant analysis; maize; Mantel test; Northeastern North American archaeology; Rondel phytoliths; Zea mays ssp. mays

Taxonomic Boundaries and Geographic Distributions Revealed by an Integrative Systematic Overview of the Mountain Coatis, Nasuella (Carnivora: Procyonidae) - Helgen, K. M.; R. W. Kays; Helgen, L. E.; Tsuchiya-Jerep, M. T. N.; Pinto, C. M.; Koepfli, K.-P.; Eizirik, E.; Maldonado, J. E. (Small Carnivore Conservation, 2009)
The procyonid taxon Nasuella Hollister, 1915, is currently recognized as a monotypic genus comprising the single species N. olivacea (Gray, 1865), the Mountain Coati, found in montane habitats (circa 1300-4250 m) in the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. In this study we utilize museum specimens to examine the phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy and geographic distribution of Nasuella populations with an integrative systematic approach. Drawing on morphological comparisons of pelage, cranial, and dental characters, and molecular comparisons of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (from recent and historical samples), we confirm that Nasuella is closely related to other coatis (Nasua) and show that there are two deeply divergent lineages represented within the taxonomic bounds of Nasuella. We recognize and diagnose these taxa as two distinctive mountain coati species, corresponding to the Eastern Mountain Coati Nasuella meridensis (Thomas, 1901), endemic to the Venezuelan Andes, and the Western Mountain Coati N. olivacea, distributed in the Andes of Colombia and Ecuador. We use locality and habitat data associated with museum specimens to model the global geographic range of both species. From this we predict areas of undocumented (i.e., currently unvouchered) occurrence, areas of habitat loss associated with land use changes, and the geographic barrier separating the distributions of N. meridensis and N. olivacea. This newfound understanding of taxonomy and distribution should allow for a revised conservation assessment for mountain coatis.
Keywords: Andes; cytochrome b; ecomorphology; geographic range modeling; Nasua; Nasuella; Phylogenetics; taxonomy

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for the Tobehanna Creek Site, Route 226 and Mud Lake Road, Town of Tyrone, Schuyler County, New York - S. Higgins (2009)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Midiendo una metrópoli: metodología y asentamiento en Chunchucmil, Yucatán - Hutson, S. R.; Hixson, D.; Magnoni, R.; D. E. Mazeau; Dahlin, B. (Estudios de Cultura Maya, 2009)
Chunchucmil (northwest Yucatan, Mexico) and other large Maya sites from the Classic period often do not exhibit clear edges. Though clusters of massive architecture define the center of these sites, delimiting the extent of settlement sometimes requires arbitrary judgments. Yet many issues depend upon where those edges are and what they are like. For example, identities that may be shared, contested, and imagined in the social and physical construction of boundaries within and around sites. Research at Chunchucmil furnishes a number of lines of evidence for delimiting the edges of this city and the ways in which households beyond the edge affiliated themselves with the site. In other words, spatial concepts such as site and city are not necessarily isomorphic with relational concepts such as community. This paper presents the results of our fieldwork at the edges of Chunchucmil and discusses the kinds of difference that constitute community identity.
Keywords: Chunchucmil; Classic Period; Maya archaeology; Settlement patterns; Yucatan

Hydrothermal Alteration, Mass Transfer and Magnetite Mineralization in Dextral Shear Zones, Western Hudson Highlands, NY - Kalczynski, M. J.; Gates, A. E.; Gorring, M. L.; M. V. Lupulescu (2009)
Keywords: geology

Camera Traps as Sensor Networks for Monitoring Animal Communities - R. W. Kays; Kranstauber, B.; Jansen, P. A.; Carbone, C.; Rowcliffe, M.; Fountain, T.; Tilak, S. (IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, 2009)
Studying animal movement and distribution is of critical importance to addressing environmental challenges including invasive species, infectious diseases, climate and land-use change. Motion sensitive camera traps offer a visual sensor to record the presence of a species at a location, recording their movement in the Eulerian sense. Modern digital camera traps that record video present new analytical opportunities, but also new data management challenges. This paper describes our experience with a year-long terrestrial animal monitoring system at Barro Colorado Island, Panama. The data gathered from our camera network shows the spatio-temporal dynamics of terrestrial bird and mammal activity at the site-data relevant to immediate science questions, and long-term conservation issues. We believe that the experience gained and lessons learned during our year long deployment and testing of the camera traps are applicable to broader sensor network applications and are valuable for the advancement of the sensor network research. We suggest that the continued development of these hardware, software, and analytical tools, in concert, offer an exciting sensor-network solution to monitoring of animal populations which could realistically scale over larger areas and time spans.
Keywords: biological techniques; cameras; video surveillance; wireless sensor networks; zoology

Family Procyonidae (Raccoons) - R. W. Kays (Handbook to Mammals of the World: Volume 1 - The Carnivores, 2009)
Keywords: biology