Structurally Controlled Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies: An Overview - Davies, G.R.; L. B. Smith Jr. (AAPG Bulletin, 2006)
Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite (HTD) reservoir facies and associated productive leached limestones are major hydrocarbon producers in North America and are receiving increased exploration attention globally. They include multiple trends in the Ordovician (locally, Silurian and Devonian) of the Michigan, Appalachian, and other basins of eastern Canada and the United States, and in the Devonian and Mississippian of the Western Canada sedimentary basin. They also occur in Jurassic hosts along rifted Atlantic margins, in the Jurassic–Cretaceous of the Arabian Gulf region and elsewhere. Hydrothermal dolomitization is defined as dolomitization occurring under burial conditions, commonly at shallow depths, by fluids (typically very saline) with temperature and pressure (T and P) higher than the ambient T and P of the host formation. The latter commonly is limestone. Proof of a hydrothermal origin for HTD reservoir facies requires integration of burial-thermal history plots, fluid-inclusion temperature data, and constraints on timing of emplacement. Hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies are part of a spectrum of hydrothermal mineral deposits that include sedimentary-exhalative lead-zinc ore bodies and HTD-hosted Mississippi Valley–type sulfide deposits. All three hydrothermal deposits show a strong structural control by extensional and/or strike-slip (wrench) faults, with fluid flow typically focused at transtensional and dilational structural sites and in the hanging wall. Transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults are favored drilling sites for HTD reservoir facies. Saddle dolomite in both replacive and void-filling modes is characteristic of HTD facies. For many reservoirs, matrix-replacive dolomite and saddle dolomite appear to have formed near-contemporaneously and from the same fluid and temperature conditions. The original host facies exerts a major influence on the lateral extent of dolomitization, resultant textures, pore type, and pore volume. Breccias, zebra fabrics, shear microfractures, and other rock characteristics record short-term shear stress and pore-fluid-pressure transients, particularly proximal to active faults. High-temperature hydrothermal pulses may alter kerogen in host limestones, a process designated “forced maturation.” Basement highs, underlying sandstone (and/or carbonate?) aquifers (probably overpressured), and overlying and internal shale seals and aquitards also may constrain or influence HTD emplacement. Although many questions and uncertainties remain, particularly in terms of Mg and brine source and mass balance, recognition and active exploration of the HTD play continues to expand. Increasing use of three-dimensional seismic imagery and seismic anomaly mapping, combined with horizontal drilling oblique to linear trends defined by structural sags, helps to reduce risk.
Keywords: hydrothermal dolomite

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1025.10.121, Route 197, Village of Fort Edward, Washington County, New York - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Fortifications of el-Lejjun (Area C) - de Vries, B.; Godwin, V.; A. Lain (The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

The Legionary Bath (Area C.10) - de Vries, B.; A. Lain (The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

The Lime Kiln (Area O) - de Vries, B.; A. Lain (The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1006.07.101, Route 143, Town of Coeymans, Albany County, New York - R. Dean (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1006.97.101, Route 143, Town of Coeymans, Albany County, New York - R. Dean; C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

10,000 Years of Mohawk Valley History - P. B. Drooker (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Snake Hill - Reconstructing Eastern Taconic Foreland Basin Litho- and Biofacies from a Giant Melange Block in Eastern New York, USA - A. M. English; E. Landing; G.C. Baird (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006)
Exotic lithofacies and faunas have long been known from Snake Hill, eastern New York, USA. The faunally diverse, sandstone-dominated Upper Ordovician succession at Snake Hill sharply contrasts with surrounding tectonized sparsely fossiliferous distal shale. Re-examination of the Snake Hill section shows that it is a storm- and wave-dominated near-shore facies with a benthic fauna analogous to that of the younger Lorraine Group (Ashgillian) of central New York, and to that of the upper Martinsburg Group (upper Caradocian) of eastern Pennsylvania. Orthograptus ruedemanni Chron graptolites indicate that the Snake Hill succession is older than the surrounding tectonized, deep-water shale (Climacograptus spiniferous Chron). Snake Hill is best interpreted as a parautochthonous block in mélange originally deposited close to the shoreline of the emergent Taconic accretionary prism. Because the Snake Hill succession is sandstone-dominated, it is inappropriate to refer mudstone-dominated facies that underlie the western margin of the Taconic allochthon in the Hudson River valley region to the Snake Hill “Shale,” as has been done in the past. The thick (ca. 150 m), lithologically distinct succession at Snake Hill is therefore referred to as the “Snake Hill Formation.” The Snake Hill Formation is the only known example of proximal, near-shore facies deposited on the western side of the outer Taconic arc, and represents easternmost deposition in the Taconic foreland basin. The Snake Hill Formation is a unique occurrence, and thus is restricted to its type locality at Snake Hill, New York.
Keywords: Biofacies; Biostratigraphy; Late Ordovician; Snake Hill; Taconic

My, What Big Teeth You Have! - R. S. Feranec (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: paleontology

What Became of the MegaFauna? - R. S. Feranec (American Scientist, 2006)
Keywords: biology paleontology

A Future for the Past: The State Museum's Acquisition of Millions of Archaeological Artifacts Secures New York City's History - C. L. Fisher (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology history

Latest Ediacaran and Cambrian of the Moroccan Atlas Regions - G. Geyer; E. Landing (Morocco 2006. Ediacaran-Cambrian Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of the Western Atlas Regions. Explanatory Description and Field Excursion Guide, 2006)
The characteristics of the latest Ediacaran through Cambrian of the Moroccan Atlas regions are described and illustrated. Such major depositional controls as tectonic environments (a transtensional regime in this time interval) and eustatic changes that defined sequence boundaries and „Grand cycles,“ as well as a progressive southerly movement of the West Gondwanan margin that led to the loss of tropical carbonate platform facies and their replacement by siliciclastic-dominated successions in the Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary interval, are discussed briefly. The lithostratigraphic units for the uppermost Proterozoic(?) to the Upper Cambrian of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas and High Atlas mountains are reviewed and partly revised. The descriptions of lithostratigraphic units include lithology, depositional environments, fossil content, and synonymy. The Jbel Wawrmast Formation is divided into a lower Brèche à Micmacca Member and an upper Tarhoucht Member (new) that comprises the majority of the formation. The bio- and chronostratigraphy of the Atlas regions are summarized, and recently proposed, formal and informal biostratigraphical units of the Lower–Middle Cambrian are reviewed. Detailed stratigraphy allows recognition of diachroneity for several formational contacts. Controversial data and problems of the Moroccan Precambrian–Cambrian boundary are discussed in detail. The available evidence does not permit highly resolved certainty in correlations even at the stage-level with Lower Cambrian sections on other Cambrian continents. However, close similarities exist in the litho- and biostratigraphic developments of southern Morocco and Iberia, and demonstrate that both regions were coterminous on the West Gondwanan margin and geographically separated from the Avalon microcontinent by the latest Proterozoic.
Keywords: Cambrian; latest Ediacaran; lithostratigraphy; Moroccan Atlas

Morocco 2006. Ediacaran-Cambrian depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of the Western Atlas Regions. Explanatory Description and Field Excursion Guide - G. Geyer; E. Landing (Beringeria Special Issue, 2006)
Keywords: geology

Morocco Field Excursion 2006. Ediacaran-Cambrian Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of the Western Atlas Regions - G. Geyer; E. Landing (Morocco 2006. EdiacaranCambrian Depositional Environments and Stratigraphy of the Western Atlas Regions. Explanatory Description and Field Excursion Guide, 2006)
This field excursion emphasizes paleoenvironments, litho- and biostratigraphy, sequence boundaries, volcanic ash occurrences, and potential for intercontinental correlation of a number of important Ediacaran and Cambrian sections of the Moroccan Atlas regions. The arrangement of the sections visited during the field excursion from December 2 to 5, 2006, begins on the northern slope of the western Anti-Atlas with the lowest Cambrian at Tiout and the lower part of the trilobite-bearing Cambrian at Tazemmourt. Complete sections through the trilobite-bearing Cambrian in the Lemdad syncline feature the Cambrian in the western High Atlas range. The subsequent drive across the western Anti-Atlas shows aspects of post-Pan-African Proterozoic, siliciclastic facies with archaeocyathan bioherms in the Issafen Syncline, and spectacular slump-folding of the Lie de vin Formation as well as a siliciclastical-dominated Lower and fossiliferous Middle Cambrian in the Tata region. The final day in the field features the Devonian and the siliciclastic Middle Cambrian along the southern flank of the western Anti-Atlas and carbonate-dominated Lower Cambrian at the western rim of the Anti-Atlas. Information on the stops includes a summary of the lithologic sequence and, if available, a complete list of faunas found at successive levels. The sample numbers with the prefix F refer either to the faunal levels of HUPÉ (1953, 1959) or SDZUY (1978); sample numbers with a comma indicate a precisely measured level above the base of the section or unit; other samples refer to horizons reported by G. GEYER (e.g., 1986, 1988b, 1990c, 1998) or to subsequent collections by the authors and W. HELDMAIER (1997).
Keywords: Biostratigraphy; Cambrian; Ediacaran; intercontinental correlation; lithostratigraphy; Moroccan Atlas regions; paleoenvironments; sequence boundaries; volcanic ash occurrences

A Comparison of Non-invasive Techniques to Survey Carnivore Communities in Northeastern North America - Gompper, M.E.; R. W. Kays; Ray, J.C.; LaPoint, S.D.; Bogan, D.A.; J. R. Cryan (Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2006)
Carnivores are difficult to survey due, in large part, to their relative rarity across the landscape and wariness toward humans. Several noninvasive methods may aid in overcoming these difficulties, but there has been little discussion of the relative merits and biases of these techniques. We assess the value of 5 noninvasive techniques based on results from 2 multiyear studies of carnivores (including members of Carnivora and Didelphidae) in New York forests. Two metrics were particularly valuable in assessing the species-specific value of any particular survey technique: latency to initial detection (LTD) and probability of detection (POD). We found differences in the value of techniques in detecting different species. For midsized species (raccoon [Procyon lotor], fisher [Martes pennanti], opossum [Didelphis virginiana], and domestic cat [Felis catus]), camera traps and track-plates were approximately equivalent in detection efficiency, but the potential for wariness toward the survey apparatus resulted in higher LTD for track-plates than for cameras. On the other hand, track-plates detected small carnivores (marten [M. americana] and weasels [Mustela spp.]) more often than cameras and had higher PODs for small and midsized species than did cameras. Cameras were efficient mechanisms for surveying bears (Ursus americanus; low LTD, high POD) but functioned poorly for discerning presence of coyotes (Canis latrans; high LTD, low POD). Scat surveys and snowtracking were the best methods for coyotes, which avoided camera traps and artificial tracking surfaces. Our analysis of fecal DNA revealed that trail-based fecal surveys were inefficient at detecting species other than coyotes, with the possible exception of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Genetic analyses of feces and snowtracking revealed the presence of foxes at sites where other techniques failed to discern these species, suggesting that cameras and track-plates are inefficient for surveying small canids in this region. The LTD of coyotes by camera traps was not correlated with their abundance as indexed by scat counts, but for other species this metric may offer an opportunity to assess relative abundance across sites. Snowtracking surveys were particularly robust (high POD) for detecting species active in winter and may be more effective than both cameras and track-plates where conditions are suitable. We recommend that survey efforts targeting multiple members of the carnivore community use multiple independent techniques and incorporate mechanisms to truth their relative value.
Keywords: camera traps; carnivores; fecal DNA; latency to detection; New York; noninvasive survey; probability of detection; snowtracking; track-plates

Addendum Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7130.19.121, Route 22, Towns of Beekmantown and Plattsburgh, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of the Veder and Elliot Site, Town of Lysander, Onondaga County, New York. - A. Gore (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Phase II Cultural Resource Survey Report for PIN 7130.19.121, Lombard, Culver Hill, Pinsonnault, East Beekman Community, and Howe Site, Towns of Plattsburgh and Beekmantown, Clinton County, New York. - A. Gore (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Archaeology of Urban Households at Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico - Hutson, S. R.; Magnoni, A.; D. E. Mazeau; Stanton, T. (The Northern Lowlands: New Approaches to Archaeology in the Yucatan Peninsula, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Tectonic-Hydrothermal Brecciation Associated with Calcite Precipitation and Permeability Detruction in Mississippian Carbonate Reservoirs, Wyoming and Montana - Katz, D.A.; Eberli, G.P.; Swart, P.K.; L. B. Smith Jr. (AAPG Bulletin, 2006)
The Mississippian Madison Formation contains abundant fracture zones and breccias that are hydrothermal in origin based on their morphology, distribution, and geochemical signature. The hydrothermal activity is related to crustal shortening during the Laramide orogeny. Brecciation is accompanied by dedolomitization, late-stage calcite precipitation, and porosity occlusion, especially in outcrop dolomites. The tectonic-hydrothermal late-stage calcite reduces permeability in outcrops and, potentially, high-quality subsurface reservoir rocks of the subsurface Madison Formation, Bighorn Basin. The reduction of permeability and porosity is increased along the margins of the Bighorn Basin but not predictable at outcrop scale. The destruction of porosity and permeability by hydrothermal activity in the Madison Formation is unique in comparison to studies that document enhanced porosity and permeability and invoke hydrothermal dolomitization models. Hydrothermal breccias from the Owl Creek thrust sheet are classified into four categories based on fracture density, calcite volume, and clast orientation. Shattered breccias dominate the leading edge of the tip of the Owl Creek thrust sheet in the eastern Owl Creek Mountains, where tectonic deformation is greatest, whereas fracture, mosaic, and chaotic breccias occur throughout the Bighorn Basin. The breccias are healed by calcite cements with 18O values ranging between 26.5 and 15.1 Peedee belemnite (PDB), indicating that the cements were derived from isotopically depleted fluids with elevated temperatures. In the chaotic and mosaic breccia types, large rotated and angular clasts of the host rock float in the matrix of coarse and nonzoned late-stage calcite. This appearance, combined with similar 18O values across even large calcite veins, indicates that the calcite precipitated rapidly after brecciation. Values for 13C ( 5–12 PDB) from the frontal part of the Owl Creek thrust sheet indicate equilibrium between methane and CO2-bearing fluids at about 180 C. Fluid inclusions from the eastern basin margin show that these cements are in equilibrium with fluids having minimum temperatures between 120 and 140 C and formed from relatively low-salinity fluids, less than 5 wt.% NaCl. Strontium isotope ratios of these hydrothermal fluids are more radiogenic than proposed values for Mississippian seawater, suggesting that the fluids mixed with felsic-rich basement before migrating vertically into the Madison Formation. We envisage that the tectonic-hydrothermal late-stage calcite-cemented breccias and fractures originated from undersaturated meteoric groundwaters that migrated into the burial environment while dissolving and incorporating Ca2+ and and radiogenic Sr from the dissolution of the surrounding carbonates and the felsic basement, respectively. In the burial environment, these fluids were heated and mixed with hypersaline brines from deeply buried parts of the basement. Expulsion of these fluids along basement-rooted thrust faults into the overlying strata, including the Madison Formation, occurred most likely during shortening episodes of the Laramide orogeny by earthquake-induced rupturing of the host rock. The fluids were injected forcefully and in an explosive manner into the Madison Formation, causing brecciation and fracturing of the host rock, whereas the subsequent and sudden decrease in the partial pressure of CO2 caused the rapid precipitation of calcite cements. The explosive nature of hydrothermal fluid migration ultimately produces heterogeneities in reservoir-quality carbonates. In general, flow units in the Madison Formation are related to sequence boundaries, which create vertical subdivisions in the porous dolomite. The late-stage calcite cement surrounds hydrothermal breccia clasts and invades the dolomite, reducing porosity and permeability of the reservoir-quality rock. As a consequence, horizontal flow barriers and compartments are established that are locally unpredictable in their location and extent and regionally predictable along the margins of the Bighorn Basin.
Keywords: Hydrothermal breccias; hydrothermal dolomite; Mississippian Madison Formation; Owl Creek thrust sheet

The Mane Thing about Lions - R. W. Kays (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: biology

My Kingdom for a Crown - R. W. Kays (Natural History, 2006)
The article relates the author's experience of capturing Bobby, an oversize ocelot. The author and his colleagues tracked Bobby using various equipment. It had the ability to cover more than three and a half square miles on its nightly patrols. They inadvertently caught Bobby in a trap intended for a puma. It was a shock for the author and his colleagues to find Bobby in such trap. Nevertheless, it did allow them to check Bobby's weight and replace its radio collar before its batteries ran down. They were stunned to find out that Bobby weighed forty-one pounds, making it the largest ocelot in the world.
Keywords: biology

Focus on Nature IX: Natural History Illustration (Exhibit Catalog) - Kernan, P. (New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: biology

Upland Bird Communities on Santo, Vanuatu, South Pacific - Kratter, A.W.; J. J. Kirchman; D. W. Steadman (Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2006)
We surveyed indigenous landbirds at two upland, mostly forested sites in southwestern Santo, Vanuatu. One site (Wunarohaehare, 600-1,250 m elevation) lies on the western, rain-shadowed slope of Mt. Tabwemasana. The other (Tsaraepae, 500-700 m elevation) is 16 km to the south, on the southeastern, very wet slope of Peak Santo. These are the richest single-site bird communities yet surveyed in Vanuatu, with 30 species of resident birds recorded at each site, 27 of which were common to both sites, including 6 species endemic to Vanuatu. We judged that 12 of the shared species were common at both sites. The non-overlapping species were a megapode, a parrot, and four understory passerines. We present new data on vocalizations for four species endemic to Vanuatu (Ptilinopus tannensis, Todiramphus farquhari, Neolalage banksiana) or to Vanuatu plus New Caledonia (Clytorhynchus pachycephaloides). We found less seasonality in breeding than previously reported for Vanuatu. Most human impact at the sites today may be from non-native mammals (rats, cats, pigs, cows), along with low levels of hunting and forest clearing. Based on prehistoric bones from elsewhere in Vanuatu, we suspect that formerly the sites on Santo may have supported additional species of megapode, hawk, parrot, and starling.
Keywords: biology

The Human Osteological Remains - A. Lain (The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

The Principia of el-Lejjun (Area A) - A. Lain; Parker, S.T. (The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Distinguishing Eustatic and Epeirogenic Controls on Lower-Middle Cambrian Boundary Successions in West Gondwana (Morocco and Iberia) - E. Landing; G. Geyer; Heldmaier , W. (Sedimentology, 2006)
Major eustatic fall has been invoked to explain Lower–Middle Cambrian boundary sandstones and faunal replacements on a number of Cambrian palaeocontinents. This proposal has been tested on the Moroccan and Spanish margins of West Gondwana and found to be inadequate to explain stratigraphical developments. In these regions, sandstone intervals long presumed to be regressive and late Early Cambrian in age are now shown to be early Middle Cambrian, and composed of a lower regressive and an overlying transgressive sandstone separated by a regional unconformity. Only the lower tidalites (i.e. Tazlaft Formation in Morocco and lower Daroca sandstones in Spain) record the Hawke Bay eustatic regression in West Gondwana. The Tazlaft is overlain by a newly recognized, unconformably overlying sandstone (Talelt Formation) that onlapped southern Morocco with reactivation of a pull-apart or transcurrent regime. Up to 150 m of erosion on uplifted blocks in the High Atlas range and foundering of the Souss Basin to the south preceded onlap and deposition of the volcanic-rich Tatelt, the correlative and depositional analogue of the upper Daroca and lower Valdemides Formations in northern Spain. With folding and erosion, a type 1 depositional sequence boundary also caps the Tatelt at its contact with an overlying, lower Middle Cambrian mudstone-dominated succession. This unconformity probably occurs in Spain within the Valdemiedes Formation and corresponds to a faunal discontinuity called the ‘Valdemiedes geoevent’. The Iberian ‘Daroca regression’ and Moroccan ‘Asrir regression’ are misnomers, as the sandstones on which they are based are composite units with a lower regressive interval that records eustatic fall and an upper transgressive unit that records epeirogenically driven onlap.
Keywords: Daroca Sandstone; depositional sequences; epeirogeny; eustasy; Jbel Wawrmast Formation; Middle Cambrian; Morocco; Souss Basin; Spain; Tatelt Formation; Tazlaft Formation; Valdemiedes Formation

Lower Ordovician Faunas, Stratigraphy, and Sea-level History of the Middle Beekmantown Group, Northeastern New York - E. Landing; Westrop, S. R. (Journal of Paleontology, 2006)
The Lower Ordovician middle Beekmantown Group is a very thin carbonate platform succession on the northern New York Promontory that thickens north into the Ottawa aulacogen near Montréal. The Tribes Hill Formation (Rossodus manitouensis Zone) records the earliest Ordovician (late Skullrockian, late early Tremadocian) eustatic high that submerged Laurentia, and produced the lowest Ordovician sequence along the New York Promontory. These dolostones are succeeded in the Beekmantown, New York, area by late Tulean?–Blackhillsian transgressive systems tract quartz arenites of the lower Fort Cassin Formation (Ward Member). The “Fort Ann Formation” (middle Stairsian, upper Tremadocian) of the southern Lake Champlain lowlands (=Theresa Formation sandstones in the Ottawa graben) is absent at Beekmantown, and moderate Stairsian (late Tremadocian) eustatic rise apparently did not inundate the Beekmantown area after Skullrockian–Stairsian boundary interval offlap. Highstand carbonates of the upper Fort Cassin Formation [Sciota Member = “Spellman Formation” and “Ogdensburg Member” of the “Beauharnois Formation” in the Montréal area; designations abandoned] at Beekmantown yield diverse conodonts seemingly characteristic of the Oepikodus communis–Fahraeusodus marathonensis Zone (new). However, associated trilobites, particularly Carolinites tasmanensis (Etheridge, 1919), show a correlation with the upper Trigonocerca typica (trilobite) Zone of the Utah and the overlying Reutterodus andinus (conodont) Zone. This abrupt early Blackhillsian lithofacies change features the appearance of chitinozoans and conodonts known from marginal successions, and records the Laignet Point highstand (new). This highstand is recognized across Laurentia on the west Newfoundland and southern Midcontinent platforms. It is recorded on the east Laurentian continental slope by lower Oepikodus evae Zone dysoxic black mudstone in the Taconian allochthons. Taxonomic re-evaluations include Ulrichodina Branson and Mehl, 1933, with its genotype species U. abnormalis (Branson and Mehl, 1933) emend., as the senior synonym of Colaptoconus Kennedy, 1994; Eucharodus Kennedy, 1980; and Glyptoconus Kennedy, 1980. Paraserratognathus An in An et al., 1983, emend. is the senior synonym of Wandelia Smith, 1991 and Stultodontus Ji and Barnes, 1994. Tropodus Kennedy, 1980 is the senior synonym of Chionoconus Smith, 1991. The trilobite fauna of the Sciota Member includes species of Isoteloides, Benthamaspis, Acidiphorus and Carolinites, of which I. fisheri is new.
Keywords: Lower Ordovician; middle Beekmantown Group; Tribes Hill Formation

State Fossils and New York State's Eurypterus remipes - E. Landing (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: paleontology

The Great Migration: Looking for a New Life in the State Capital - J. A. Lemak (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

Archaeological Monitoring, Treatment and Data Recovery Plan of PIN 0757.46.121, Grangebel Park Improvements in the Town of Riverhead, Suffolk County, New York - M. Lenardi (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Survey Report and Site Examination of PIN 0757.46.121, Grangebel Park Improvements in the Town of Riverhead, Suffolk County, New York - M. Lenardi; M.S. LoRusso (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Survey Report of PIN 1043.22.121, Route 9 Bridge Rehabilitation and Drainage Modifications in the Village of Keesville in the Towns of Chesterfield, Essex, and Ausable, Clinton County, New York. - M. Lenardi; M.S. LoRusso (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Survey Report of PIN 2236.22.121, Route 29 over Spruce Creek, Town of Salisbury, Herkimer County, New York. - M. Lenardi; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2236.22.121, Route 29, Town of Salisbury, Herkimer County, New York. - M. Lenardi; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

An Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) Documentation of the Palisades Interstate Parkway Bridge over State Route 202, NYSDOT PIN 8093.48.101, Town of Haverstraw, Rockland County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Hidden Treasures: Minerals Under the Microscope - M. V. Lupulescu (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: geology

Iron Deposits from Hudson Highlands, NY: Systematics, Mineralogy, Mineral Chemistry and Tectonic Setting - M. V. Lupulescu; Gates, A. (Environmental Geology of the Highlands, Field Trip Guide and Proceedings, 2006)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2134.27.121, NY Rte 5, Between Higinbotham Brook and Oneida Creek, City of Oneida, Madison County, New York - D. E. Mazeau; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

More on Mastodons and Their Extinction - N. G. Miller (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Paleoecology of a late Pleistocene Wetland and Associated Mastodon Remains in the Hudson Valley, Southeastern New York State - N. G. Miller; Nester, P. L. (GSA Special Publications, 2006)
Late Quaternary history and paleoecology of a small oxbow wetland on glaciated terrain were investigated using sediment lithology (cores, bulk samples, backhoedug trenches), ground-penetrating radar, vascular plant and moss macrofossil stratigraphies, and accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon dating. A nearly complete mastodon skeleton was recovered from late Pleistocene detrital peat and peaty marl near the top of the sediment sequence. Sedimentation in the basin began with silt and clay over dense cobble outwash transported southward from the nearby Hyde Park Moraine. Overbank sediment deposition occurred between ∼13,000 and 12,220 yr B.P. during a period of tundra vegetation, which ended with a sharp rise in spruce needle abundance and a shift to autochthonous marl and finally peat deposition. Fossils of aquatic and wetland plants began to accumulate before the tundra-spruce transition and increased after it. Rich fen wetland began to infill the pond with peat, while the upland supported open white spruce and later white spruce–balsam fir–tamarack forest. The mastodon, 11,480 ± 40 radiocarbon years old, was contemporaneous with spruce–balsam fir–tamarack forest and rich fen wetland. Many mastodon bones were articulated or nearly so, indicating that the animal died in the basin and that postmortem bone dispersal was slight.
Keywords: calcareous wetland; late Pleistocene; mastodon; New York; paleoecology; plant macrofossils

Review of: Maine Mosses, SphagnaceaeTimmiaceae, by Bruce Allen - N. G. Miller (Rhodora, 2006)
Keywords: biology

Review of: Moosflora, 4. Neubearbietete und erweiterte Auflage, by J-P. Frahm & W. Frey - N. G. Miller (Bryologist, 2006)
Keywords: biology

Competitive Release in Diets of Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and Puma (Puma concolor) After Jaguar (Panthera onca) Decline - Moreno, R. S.; R. W. Kays; Samudio Jr., R. (Journal of Mammalogy, 2006)
We used fecal analyses to document the diet of ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and puma (Puma concolor) at 2 sites in central Panama. We detected puma on Barro Colorado Island (BCI) nearly every month during the study but never found evidence of jaguars (Panthera onca) at either site. Both ocelots and puma fed predominantly on mammalian prey, but consumed a diversity of species. Collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) and Central American red brocket (Mazama temama) were the most important food items for puma, whereas Central American agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata) and sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus variegatus) were the most important for ocelots. Considerable overlap in diet was found between populations and species, but the diet of puma on BCI was significantly different from the 2 ocelot populations in containing more large prey, suggesting that dietary differences between these predator species are chiefly related to their relative body size. Comparing across larger scales, both populations of ocelots in our study ate larger prey than elsewhere in their range, suggesting that their fundamental niche includes more medium-sized prey than their realized niche in other sites. Puma on BCI ate proportionally more peccaries and deer than in most other populations. These unusual diets in the wake of a recent decline or local extinction of jaguars are consistent with a prey shift in response to competitive release.
Keywords: Barro; Carnivora; Colorado Island; competitive release; Diet; felid; predation

Cultural Resources Screening Survey for PIN 1306.78.101, STAR Project at the Intersection of Hamburg Street and Curry Road (Rt. 146 and Rt. 7), Town of Rotterdam, Schenectady County, New York. - J. F. Pasquini (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Developmental Effects of Climate on the Lion's Mane (Panthera leo) - Patterson, B. D.; R. W. Kays; Kasiki, S. M.; Sebestyen, V. M. (Journal of Mammalogy, 2006)
Lion manes represent a compromise between social benefits and ecological costs. Mane development of Panthera leo varies geographically with prevailing climate, but varying genetics, behavior and social systems, and nutrition may all influence such broad-scale correlations. We studied captive lions housed comparably across 12 degrees of latitude in North America and correlated mane variation with climatic, life-history, and husbandry variables. As predicted from heat-load considerations, mane length and density were inversely correlated with temperature; color variation was unrelated. Mane development was correlated with January but not July conditions, suggesting a stronger response to cold than to heat. Climate-induced variation in manes of captives accounted for up to 50% of variation seen. Developmental effects of climate appear to be responsible for many of the taxonomic names applied to African lions and may signify important biological differences between modern and Pleistocene lions.
Keywords: developmental effects; lion mane; Panthera leophenotypic; plasticity; sexual selection; temperature

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1006.07.101, NY 143 from Spoor Road to NY 9W, Village of Ravena, Albany County, New York. - M. Pickands; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 2064.03.321, NY5S from Auditorium Drive to Washington Street, City of Utica, Oneida County, New York - M. Pickands (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2016.67.121, NY 12 over Parker Hollow Road, Town of Trenton, Oneida County, New York. - M. Pickands; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

New York State's Garnetiferous Gneiss Bannerstones: The Form and Function of Flight - Rataul, R. C. (Northeast Anthropology, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Archaeology - C. B. Rieth (Encyclopedia of Anthropology, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 2038.38, Route 46, Village of Oneida, Madison County, New York - C. B. Rieth; T. Thomas (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Plan for the Naimia Site, PIN 0054.05.124, Route 347 from the Northern State Parkway to Route 25A, Town of Smithtown, Suffolk County, New York - C. B. Rieth; D. E. Mazeau (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Documentation Report for OGS Project S2155, Study for Site Assessment, Troop G Headquarters, Loudon Road, Loudonville, New York - C. B. Rieth (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Letter Report for PIN 2804.35.301, Route 67 over Kayaderosseras Creek, Village of Fort Johnson, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2803.98.101, Village of Sprakers, Montgomery County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

E. E. Evans-Pritchard - C. B. Rieth (Encyclopedia of Anthropology, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Leslie A. White - C. B. Rieth (Encyclopedia of Anthropology, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

A. R. Radcliffe-Brown - C. B. Rieth (Encyclopedia of Anthropology, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Salvage Archaeology - C. B. Rieth (Encyclopedia of Anthropology, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Schoharie Valley Archaeology Field School - C. B. Rieth (Schenectady County Community College Public Archaeology Program Newsletter, 2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Upland Settlement and Subsistence in Eastern New York - C. B. Rieth (Proceedings of the Uplands Archaeology in the East IX Conference, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Using Archaeology to Teach Native American History - C. B. Rieth (Schenectady County Community College Public Archaeology Program Newsletter, 2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Phase 1A Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3287.17.121, Route 370 Between I-81 and Old Liverpool Road, Town of Salina, Onondaga County, New York. - J. Ross; C. B. Rieth (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 3501.42.121, Bartell Road over I-81, Town of Cicero, Onondaga County, New York - J. Ross; V. A. Schmitt; S. Higgins; C. B. Rieth (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

All In The Family - J. L. Scherer (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

The Last Remaining Beech-Nut Circus Car - J. L. Scherer (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

A Look Back: Dr. Charles C. Adams and the Museums Shaker Collection - J. L. Scherer (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

Preserving Family History: The Heritage of an Albany County, New York, Family - J. L. Scherer (New England Ancestors, 2006)
Keywords: history

Hybridization in Umbridae in the Hudson River, New York, with Designation of Neotypes for Umbra limi and Umbra pygmaea - Schmidt, R. E.; R. A. Daniels (Zootaxa, 2006)
We document the occurrence of a natural hybrid between the Eastern Mudminnow, Umbra pygmaea (DeKay 1842) and the Central Mudminnow, U. limi (Kirtland 1840). Hybrid individuals were collected in a supratidal pool in a fresh-tidal marsh in the Hudson River, New York. ANOVA, ANCOVA, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis of meristics and morphometrics showed that the hybrids were distinguishable from the parental species and were generally intermediate between them. The tidal Hudson River is the only place these species are sympatric, and hybridization must have occurred within the last several decades. We designate neotypes for Umbra pygmaea and Umbra limi.
Keywords: Central Mudminnow; Champlain Canal; Eastern Mudminnow; Erie Canal; fish dispersal; James DeKay; Jared Kirtland; type locality; zoogeography

Cultural Resource Survey Bridge Evaluation Form of BIN 1023800/PIN 7152.62.121, Town of Alexandria, Jefferson County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Know Thine Own Flora - C. J. Sheviak (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: biology

A New Platanthera (Orchidaceae) from the Intermountain West - C. J. Sheviak; Jennings, W. F. (Rhodora, 2006)
Platanthera sparsiflora is a variable species to which Limnorchis ensifolia and L. laxiflora have been referred. Recently, authors have adopted L. ensifolia for a group of plants that have also been referred to L. laxiflora and P. sparsiflora. None of these existing names apply to a recently delineated but related group, here described as the new species P. tescamnis. This species is distinguished by a small column with short rostellum lobes that position the viscidia above the orifice of the spur. The species exhibits ecological preferences that are unique in the group, occurring at relatively low elevations and in comparatively dry habitats in a hot, arid region. It occurs across the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau and bordering areas in California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado.
Keywords: Intermountain Region; Orchidaceae; Platanthera

Back from the "Dead": Changes in Brooktrout Lake Suggest Ecosystem Recovery after Acidification - C. A. Siegfried (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: biology

Origin and Reservoir Characteristics of Upper Ordovician Trenton-Black River Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoirs in New York - L. B. Smith Jr. (AAPG Bulletin, 2006)
In the past decade, more than 20 new natural gas fields have been discovered in laterally discontinuous dolomites of the Upper Ordovician Black River Group in south-central New York. The dolomites form around basement-rooted wrench faults that are detectable on seismic data. Most fields occur in and around elongate fault-bounded structural lows interpreted to be negative flower structures. Away from these faults, the formation is composed of impermeable limestone and forms the lateral seal for the reservoirs. In most cases, the faults die out within the overlying Trenton Limestone and Utica Shale. Most porosity occurs in saddle dolomite-coated vugs, breccias, and fractured zones. Matrix porosity is uncommon in the Black River cores described for this study. The patchy distribution around basement-rooted faults and geochemical and fluid-inclusion analyses supports a fault-related hydrothermal origin for the saddle and matrix dolomites. This play went for many years without detection because of its unconventional structural setting (i.e., structural lows versus highs). Using the appropriate integrated structural-stratigraphic-diagenetic model, more hydrothermal dolomite natural gas reservoirs are likely to be discovered in the Black River of New York and in carbonates around the world.
Keywords: Black River Group; New York; Upper Ordovician

Structurally Controlled Hydrothermal Alteration of Carbonate Reservoirs: Introduction - L. B. Smith Jr.; Davies, G.R. (AAPG Bulletin, 2006)
This issue of the AAPG Bulletin is dedicated to structurally controlled hydrothermal alteration of carbonate rocks and reservoirs. This type of alteration covers the spectrum of carbonate-hosted sulfide ore deposits to hydrothermal dolomite to leached limestones, and in many cases has a major impact on reservoir type, geometry, quality, and distribution. Hydrothermal dolomite (HTD) reservoirs have a long history of exploration and development in North America, extending from the earliest discoveries in the Ordovician Lima- Indiana and other trends of the northeastern United States (Hurley and Budros, 1990; Wickstrom et al., 1992), and continuing today with the Trenton–Black River play and other hosts in the Michigan and northern Appalachian basins of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
Keywords: carbonate rocks; Hydrothermal alteration

Archaeological Monitoring, Treatment, and Data Recovery Plan for the World Trade Center Site and the New York City Hudson River Bulkhead, PIN X759.80.321 Rte. 9A from West Thames to Chambers StreetsNew York City, New York County, New York - J. Sopko (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1306.50.121, I-890, Wetland Mitigation of Exit 6, Town of Rotterdam, Schenectady County, New York. - J. Sopko (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1089.61.101, Route 4 over Glens Falls Feeder Canal, Town of Kingsbury, Washington County, New York - J. Sopko; M.S. LoRusso (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Long-term Changes in Ecosystem Health of Two Hudson Valley Watershed, New York, USA, 1936-2001. - Stainbrook, K. M.; Limburg, K. E.; R. A. Daniels; Schmidt, R. E. (Hydrobiologia, 2006)
We examined long-term ecological change in two Hudson River tributaries, the Wappinger and Fishkill Creek watersheds in Dutchess County, New York State. Fish data spanning 65 years (1936, 1988, 1992, and 2001) and shorter term macroinvertebrate data (1988, 2001) were used to assess the influence of land use practices. Between 1988 and 2001, macroinvertebrate index Biotic Assessment Profile (BAP) improved by 113–165% in the Fishkill Creek watershed, and fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) improved by 117–140%. Fish IBI and fish species richness were significantly different (p < 0.01) between the watersheds, with Wappinger Creek in better condition. Long-term fish IBI scores showed degradation in both watersheds since the 1930s. Changes in species composition suggest community homogenization on par with overall changes in the fish fauna of New York. Most notable were increases in tolerant species and declines in intolerant or moderately tolerant species. Whereas Fishkill Creek IBIs showed decline in 1988 relative to 1936, followed by improvement, Wappinger Creek declined monotonically in environmental quality. Development has intensified in both watersheds, but Fishkill Creek is improving while Wappinger Creek watershed is undergoing less mitigated degradation. We find that older, semi-quantitative data can be used to construct environmental quality indicators, and can be of great use for measuring long-term change.
Keywords: aquatic invertebrates; biotic indices; Fish; historic trends; New York; stream ecology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 2016.71.121, Route 12, Towns of Sangerfield, Marshall, Kirkland, and New Hartford, Oneida County, New York - D. Staley; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Letter Report for the MacNaughton Cabin and McIntyre Blast Furnace Site, Town of - D. Staley (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2071.07.121 Route 291 over the Erie (Barge) Canal, Town of Marcy, Oneida County, New York. - D. Staley; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2804.43.101, Slopewall on State Route 80, Town of Stark, Herkimer County, New York - D. Staley (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of the Soddy and Talcott Tavern Site, Towns of Adams and Watertown, Jefferson County, New York. - D. Staley (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of the Waterville Curve, Simon Hubbard, and Franklin Comstock Site, Route 12, Towns of Marshall and Kirkland, Oneida County, New York. - D. Staley (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Shadow of Doubt or Doubtful Shadows: Small-Scale Low-Density Lithic Scatters and Agrifacts - D. Staley (North American Archaeologist, 2006)
The fundamental identification of flaked stone as artifact is critical to all that follows in archaeology. The identification of sites, interpretations of prehistoric behaviors, adaptations, land use patterns, settlement and subsistence studies, etc. can be distilled to the initial determination of an artifact as being “real” or the result of natural or accidental phenomena such as plow damage. In cultural resource management, artifact identification drives immediate field decisions to modify research strategies and ultimately forms the argumentative basis for research potentials and determinations of significance. Chert flakes and shatter discovered during a NYSDOT sponsored project conducted by New York State Museum-Cultural Resource Survey Program were subjected to a battery of lithic attribute analyses in an attempt to identify artifacts in an agricultural area blanketed by natural chert. With the exception of exotic material types, no single attribute can certainly identify human involvement. A cumulative score of multiple attributes affords greater levels of confidence for cultural vs. natural determinations for larger assemblages. In settings with the “background noise” of natural chert in cultivated soils, cultural genesis determinations of single pieces and very small sparse assemblages must be recognized as hunches or faith-based decisions yet worthy of measured continued investigation.
Keywords: artifacts; attribute analyses; Chert flakes; lithics; shatter

Ambulance on Exhibit - G. Stein (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

Memories of the Rocket Car - G. Stein (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

Data Recovery and Monitoring Excavations along Route 4, Town of Fort Edward, Washington County, New York. - T. Thomas (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

News from the New York State Museum - T. Thomas (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Strabismus and Pseudofossils: A Case Study of Rudolf Ruedemann (1864-1956) - V. P. Tollerton Jr. (Earth Sciences History, 2006)
Rudolf Ruedemann (1864-1956), fourth State Paleontologist of New York, was an internationally renowned and well-respected paleontologist. Throughout his long and productive career, he named, described, and figured more than six hundred fossils. Some of those fossils have not stood the test of time, having succumbed to the usual paleontological process of being synonymized, often because the material is poorly preserved or distorted. There are, however, a surprisingly large number of his fossils that are of inorganic origin, that is, they are pseudofossils. Evidence has been discovered that indicates he may have had the eye condition known as strabismus. The major alternative hypothesis, that he knew the fossils were pseudofossils and that he established the species to prove preconceived ideas, as well as minor alternatives, concerning his ego, or his judgement, are demonstrated to be implausible. It is recommended that his collections be re-studied and that this possible eye condition be taken into account.
Keywords: history of science; pseudofossils; Rudolf Ruedemann

Rediscovering This Earth: Some Ethnogeological Aspects of the Illinois Valley Hopewell Mounds - Van Nest, J. (Recreating Hopewell, 2006)
Keywords: anthropology

Gebhards of Schoharie Were Geological Pioneers - L. VanAller Hernick (Schoharie County Historical Review, 2006)
Keywords: geology

A Look Back: Remembering State Paleontologist Winifred Goldring - L. VanAller Hernick (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: geology history paleontology

Pragian to Eifelian Strata (Mid Lower to Lower Middle Devonian), Northern Appalachian Basin -- A Stratigraphic Revision - C. A. Ver Straeten; C. Brett (Northeastern Geology and Environmental Science, 2006)
Keywords: geology

Selling the Store: The Johnson Country Store Collection - Williams, C. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2006)
Keywords: history

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2016.68.121, Route 12 over Cincinnati Creek, Town of Trenton, Oneida County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; V. A. Schmitt (New York State Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration, 2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2016.68.121, Route 12 over Cincinnati Creek, Town of Trenton, Oneida County, New York - L. J. Xinakes; N. L. Davis; V. A. Schmitt (2006)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 1001.28.121, NY 2 over the Poestenkill, Hamlet of Eagle Mills, Town of Brunswick, Rensselaer County, New York - Boyle, M.; M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Andrew Jackson Downing - Burch, R. J. (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

Edward Lamson Henry - Burch, R. J. (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

From the Collections: The New York Chamber of Commerce Collection at the New York State Museum - Burch, R. J. (Members Update, 2005)
Keywords: history

PIN 1218.04.121/BIN 1-00663-0, Route 9L over Halfway Creek, Town of Queensbury, Warren County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 2016.66.121/BIN 1-00950-9, NY Routes 12 and 365 Interchange, Town of Trenton, Oneida County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 8177.41.122, Cultural Resource Site Examination of the Rhoades Site, Town of Deerpark, Orange County, New York - J. S. Cardinal (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 9044.53.121, Route Bridge over Mine Kill, Town of Gilboa, Schoharie County, New York - J. S. Cardinal; M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Molecular Phylogeny of Cicadomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea, and Membracoidea): Adding Evidence to the Controversy - J. R. Cryan (Systematic Entomology, 2005)
The hemipteran infraorder Cicadomorpha comprises the superfamilies Cicadoidea (cicadas), Cercopoidea (spittlebugs or froghoppers) and Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers). Earlier attempts to determine relationships among these three monophyletic lineages using either morphological or molecular data suffered from insufficient sampling (taxonomic and data) and problematic tree rooting, leading to discordant results. Presented here are phylogenetic reconstructions within Cicadomorpha based on DNA nucleotide sequence data from multiple genetic markers (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and histone 3) sequenced from representative taxa of Cicadidae, Tettigarctidae, Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae, Clastopteridae, Machaerotidae, Epipygidae, Cicadellidae, Membracidae, Myerslopiidae and Aetalionidae. To test the robustness of the phylogenetic signal, these sequence data were analysed separately and in combination under various alignment parameters using both manual alignment (of both attenuated and full sequences) and alignment via clustal x. The results demonstrate clearly that, despite the alignment method used, basing a phylogeny on a single gene region is often misleading. Analyses of the combination of datasets support the major relationships within Cicadomorpha as (Membracoidea (Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea)). Internal relationships recovered within each superfamily shows evidence for: (1) the placement of Myerslopiidae as the sister group of the remaining Membracoidea; (2) the paraphyly of Cicadellidae; (3) the sister-group relationship between Machaerotidae and Clastopteridae; (4) the monophyly of Cercopidae; (5) the diversification of Epipygidae from within the possibly paraphyletic Aphrophoridae.
Keywords: Cercopoidea (spittlebugs or froghoppers); Cicadoidea (cicadas); hemipteran; Membracoidea (leafhoppers and treehoppers); Phylogenetics

Reconstructing Agricultural Self-Sufficiency at Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico - Dahlin, B. H.; Beach, T.; Luzzadder-Beach, S.; Hixson, D.; Hudson, S.; Mangnoni, A.; Mansell, E.; D. E. Mazeau (Ancient Mesoamerica, 2005)
The Pakbeh Regional Economy Program is studying the vexing questions of economic life among the ancient Maya in northwestern Yucatan, Mexico. The region constitutes an ideal laboratory in which to investigate these questions, as it has very limited agricultural potential and fewer options for intensification than are found in the southern and central lowlands, yet many times more people lived here during the Classic period than can eke out a living today, and it has abundant evidence of market trade. Because crop yields in outfields are very low, and known intensification techniques are possibly incapable of sufficient yield enhancement, we anticipated that it would be an easy task to demonstrate that this population was dependent on imports of food and other necessities of life from beyond the region and therefore had a complex exchange economy. Twelve years later, we report on how wrong we were. We are still struggling with an evaluation of agricultural insufficiency. We explore the many and varied lines of evidence we have pursued and the confounding factors inherent in them, including problems with reconstructing ancient population size, equating contemporary and historical crop yields and farming practices, as well as ancient with modern environmental conditions, and hypothesizing potential forms of agricultural intensification, including intensive fertilization and other yield enhancement techniques, and reliance on alternative crops. The best that we can say at this juncture is that using contemporary production and consumption standards, the most conservative population estimates, and the most liberal estimates of available land in the surrounding region, we can conclude only that regional agricultural self-sufficiency remains unlikely but not proved. What initially seemed like an archaeological “no-brainer” has required us to delve into the realm of archaeological epistemology that we would like to share with our colleagues.
Keywords: agricultural insufficiency; archaeological epistemology; Maya; Mexico

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1089.57.121, Route 4 Broadway, Village of Fort Edward, Washington County, New York - B. R. Dale (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 9125.05.121, NY Route 30 and 30A, Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York,Addendum - B. R. Dale; V. A. Schmitt (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 1041.04.102, Route 372, Village of Greenwich, Town of Easton, Washington County, New York - B. R. Dale; M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

PIN 7143.27.121, US 11/Main Street, Village of Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York - B. R. Dale; M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Tales from the Field - B. R. Dale (Members Update, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Changes in Fish Assemblages in the Tidal Hudson River, New York - R. A. Daniels; Limburg, K. E.; Schmidt, R. E.; Strayer, D. L.; Chambers, R. C. (American Fisheries Society Symposium, 2005)
The main channel of the Hudson River is a tidal estuary from its mouth in New York Harbor to Troy, New York, 247 km upstream. It drains about 35,000 km2 and is an important navigational, commercial, and recreational system. Since the arrival of European settlers over 400 years ago, it has undergone numerous environmental changes. These changes have included channel maintenance by dredging, wholesale dumping of industrial and domestic wastes, scattered in-basin urbanization and shoreline development, deforestation of the watershed and an increase in agriculture, and water removal for commercial, industrial, and agricultural needs. In addition, the biota of the river has supported commercial and recreational harvesting, exotic species have become established, and habitats have become fragmented, replaced, changed in extent, or isolated. The tidal portion of the Hudson River is among the most-studied water bodies on Earth. We use data from surveys conducted in 1936, the 1970s, the 1980s, and the 1990s to examine changes in fish assemblages and from other sources dating back to 1842. The surveys are synoptic but use a variety of gears and techniques and were conducted by different researchers with different study goals. The scale of our assessment is necessarily coarse. Over 200 species of fish are reported from the drainage, including freshwater and diadromous species, estuarine forms, certain life history stages of primarily marine species, and marine strays. The tidal Hudson River fish assemblages have responded to the environmental changes of the last century in several ways. Several important native species appear to be in decline (e.g., rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod), others, once in decline, have rebounded (e.g., striped bass Morone saxatilis), and populations of some species seem stable (e.g., spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius). No native species is extirpated from the system, and only one, shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum, is listed as endangered. The recent establishment of the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha may be shifting the fish assemblage away from openwater fishes (e.g., Alosa) and toward species associated with vegetation (e.g., centrarchids). In general, the Hudson River has seen an increase in the number and importance of alien species and a change in dominant species.
Keywords: environmental changes; fish assemblages; Hudson River; New York

Discovery Now - R. A. Daniels (Members Update, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Fish - R. A. Daniels (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: biology

One Fish, Two Fish, ... - R. A. Daniels (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Review of "Disconnected Rivers: Linking Rivers to Landscapes" - R. A. Daniels (Quarterly Review of Biology, 2005)
Keywords: biology

A Look Back: The New York State Museum and the Capitol Fire - P. B. Drooker (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Molecular Genetic Variation Across the Southern and Eastern Geographic Ranges of the African Lion, Panthera leo - Dubach, J.; Patterson, B.D.; Briggs, M.B.; Venzke, K.; Flamand, J.; Stander, P.; Scheepers, L.; R. W. Kays (Conservation Genetics, 2005)
We examined sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes (2,360 bp total) for 26 lions from eleven locations throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Six distinct haplotypes were observed in the combined sequences, forming two clades: the eastern and the western savannas. The Uganda-Western Kenya haplotype grouped at a basal position with the eastern clade of lions from Tsavo south to the Transvaal and Natal regions. The phylogenetic position of the haplotype from Sabi Sands in the southern part of Kruger National Park remained poorly resolved. The haplotypes found in Namibia and Botswana formed the western clade. The modest genetic variation documented here argues against taxonomic distinctions among living African lions.
Keywords: African lion; cytochrome b; mitochondrial variation; NADH dehydrogenase; Panthera leo; phylogeography

Mohican Seminar 2 The Challenge--An Algonquian Peoples Seminar - Dunn, S. W. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology history

New York State Geological Survey (NYSGS) - R. H. Fakundiny; Albanese., J. R. (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: geology history

Albany as a Military Headquarters - C. L. Fisher (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology history

Addendum Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7130.19.121, Route 22, Town of Beekmantown, Clinton County, New York - A. Gore; V. A. Schmitt (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7049.16.122, Route 812 over the Oswegatchie River, St. Lawrence County, New York - A. Gore; V. A. Schmitt (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7780.04.102, Wetland Mitigation Along Route 72, Town of Parishville, St. Lawrence County, New York - A. Gore (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Art of the Mushroom - J. H. Haines (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: biology history

Mushrooms - J. H. Haines (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: biology

A Look Back: "Old Indian Life Groups. - G. R. Hamell (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology biology

Rattlesnake Tales - G. R. Hamell; Fox, W.A. (Ontario Archaeology, 2005)
Archaeological evidence from the Northeast and from selected Mississippian sites is presented and combined with ethnographic, historic and linguistic data to investigate the symbolic significance of the rattlesnake to northeastern Native groups. The authors argue that the rattlesnake is, chief and foremost, the pre-eminent shaman with a (gourd) medicine rattle attached to his tail. A strong and pervasive association of serpents, including rattlesnakes, with lightning and rainfall is argued to have resulted in a drought-related ceremonial expression among Ontario Iroquoians from circa A.D. 1200 -1450.
Keywords: anthropology

Cooking Residues, AMS Dates, and the Middle-to-Late-Woodland Transition in Central New York - J. P. Hart; H. J. Brumbach (Northeast Anthropology, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Discovery Now: Making Sense of Gourds - J. P. Hart (Members Update, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology biology

Monongahela Subsistence-Settlement Change? - J. P. Hart; Nass, J. P.; Means, B. K. (Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology, 2005)
The Late Prehistoric (c. A.D. 1050/1100–1635) Monongahela tradition of southwestern Pennsylvania and portions of adjoining states has come to be associated with specific subsistence-settlement traits. These include a heavy dependence on maize-based agriculture, large percentages of villages in upland locales, and use of semisubterranean storage facilities. In the traditional approach, that entails the construction of a series of sequential time periods, changes in subsistence and settlement traits are most often interpreted to have occurred at the boundaries of the time periods. These periods are defined on the basis of pottery style changes and the addition of European artifacts. An accumulation of data now allows for statistical analysis of posited changes in Monongahela tradition settlement and subsistence traits. Results of this study do not support the proposed subsistence and settlement pattern shifts at time period boundaries. Rather, the results support the position of continuous variation in the settlement and subsistence traits through the entire sequence with no evidence of regional uniformity.
Keywords: late prehistory; Monongahela tradition; settlement; subsistence

Cultural Resources Archaeological Pre-Reconnaissance and Architectural Survey Report of PIN 1306.50.121,Route 7 and I-87, Town of Colonie, Albany County, New York - Holschuh, D.; V. A. Schmitt; C. B. Rieth (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Nature and Significance of the Carthage-Colton Shear Zone and Related Late-to-Postectonic Granites and Ore Deposits; Adirondack Mountains, New York - Johnson, E; Selleck , B.; DeLorraine, W.; M. V. Lupulescu (2005)
Keywords: geology

Exotic Species - R. W. Kays; R. A. Daniels; R. S. Mitchell; D. P. Molloy; C. A. Siegfried (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Mapping Mammals: Moving from Paper Tags to Digital Maps - R. W. Kays (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Lost Mines, Hidden Danger - W. M. Kelly; Schultz, R. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: geology history

Meteorites - W. M. Kelly (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: geology

Mining and Mineral Industry - W. M. Kelly (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: geology

Ancient Life - E. Landing (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Early Paleozoic Avalon -- Gondwana Unity: An Obituary -- Response to 'Palaeontological Evidence Bearing on Global Ordovician-Silurian Continental Reconstructions' by R. R. Fortey and L. R. M. Cocks - E. Landing (Earth-Science Reviews, 2005)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Fabulous Fossils-The State Museum's Trilobites - E. Landing (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: paleontology

Geology and Plate Techtonics - E. Landing (Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: geology

A Cultural Resource Survey Report Archaeological Reconnaissance and Architectural Survey of PIN 2134.18.121, NYS Route 5, Town of Mohawk, Montgomery County, New York - M. Lenardi; V. A. Schmitt (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report Archaeological Pre-Reconnaissance and Architectural Survey of PIN 0757.46.121, Town of Riverhead,Suffolk County, New York - M. Lenardi; M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Battle of Bennington - P. Lord Jr. (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

Wood Creek - P. Lord Jr. (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

A Cultural Resource Survey Report for An Historic Setting Analysis of PIN 5576.67.121, US Route 20A, Village of East Aurora, Erie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; Pellerin, J. (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

An Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) Documentation of the Fulton Street Bridge over the Old Champlain Canal, NYSDOT PIN 1804.93.101, Village of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Fluoropargasite, A New Member of the Calcic Amphiboles from Edenville, Orange County, New York - M. V. Lupulescu; Rakovan, J.; Robinson, G. W.; Hughes, J. M. (The Canadian Mineralogist, 2005)
Fluoropargasite (IMA 2003–050), ideally NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22F2, is a new member of the calcic amphiboles (group 2). It was collected from the Franklin Marble, of Grenville age, at Edenville, Orange County, New York, the type locality. The holotype specimen is a 13 × 7 × 4.5 cm crystal associated with calcite, actinolite, titanite and phlogopite. The same mineral has also been identified from Russell, St. Lawrence County, and Monroe, Orange County, New York. The mineral is black, with a gray to greenish gray streak and a vitreous luster. It is transparent to translucent in very thin fragments, non-fluorescent in ultraviolet light, brittle with a conchoidal fracture, and has a perfect {110} cleavage, a Mohs hardness of ~6, a Dmeas of 3.18 g/cm3 and a Dcalc of 3.19 g/cm3 for the empirical formula with Z = 2. Fluoropargasite is biaxial (+), with α 1.634, β 1.642, γ 1.654 (all ± 0.002), 2Vmeas 68°, 2Vcalc 79°, Y = b and Z ∧ c = 24° (acute), dispersion r > v, weak, pleochroism X colorless to light brown, Y light brown, and Z brown. The Gladstone–Dale compatibility index is superior, with 1 – (KP/KC) = −0.010 for the calculated density, and −0.016 for the measured density. The mineral is monoclinic, C2/m, with refined unit-cell parameters a 9.8771(6), b 18.041(1), c 5.3092(3) Å, β 105.133(1)°, V 913.25(3) Å3, Z = 2, and a:b:c 0.5475:1:0.2943, determined from single-crystal X-ray- diffraction data using MoKα radiation. A refinement of the structure led to the determination of cation site-preferences and degree of order. The six strongest lines in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d in Å(I)(hkl)] are: 8.44(100)(110), 3.13(80)(310), 3.28(41)(240), 2.345(41)(3̅51), 2.810(32)(330), and 2.385(21)(350). The chemical composition determined by electron-microprobe analysis is SiO2 43.30, MgO 14.44, FeO 9.73, CaO 12.29, Al2O3 12.11, Na2O 2.88, TiO2 0.90, MnO 0.08, K2O 0.91, V2O3 0.18, Cr2O3 0.01, F 2.71, Cl 0.12, O = (F + Cl) −1.17, H2O (stoichiometry) 0.71, sum 99.20 wt%, which corresponds to the empirical formula: (Na0.75K0.17)∑ 0.92 (Ca1.94Na0.06)∑2.00 (Mg3.18Fe2+1.18Al0.50Ti0.10Fe3+0.02V0.02Mn0.01)∑5.00 (Si6.39Al1.61)∑8.00 O22[F1.26(OH)0.71Cl0.03]∑2.00, with (OH + F + Cl) = 2 apfu based on 24 anions. The name of the mineral is in accord with the IMA nomenclature for amphiboles.
Keywords: calcic amphibole; Edenville; fluoropargasite; Franklin Marble; Grenville Province; new mineral species; New York; structure determination

Garnet - M. V. Lupulescu (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: geology

New Mineral Species - M. V. Lupulescu (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: geology

The Carnivora: The Evolution, Adaptive Significance and Conservation of Their Diversity - Macdonald, D.W.; R. W. Kays (Walkers Carnivores of the World, 2005)
Keywords: biology

New Life for Old Bones - Malin, G. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: biology history paleontology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1940.98.101, Ryder Road Detour, Village and Town of Whitehall, Washington County, New York - D. E. Mazeau; M.S. LoRusso (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

DEC Ridge Environmental Center, Village of Ridge, Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

From the Collections: The Entomology Collection - T. L. McCabe (Members Update, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Insect Biodiversity of a Jack Pine Barrens, An Interim Report - T. L. McCabe (2005)
Keywords: biology

Jack Pine Lepidoptera Survey. April - June 2005 Update - T. L. McCabe (2005)
Keywords: biology

James Eights 1798-1882 Antarctic Explorer, Albany Naturalist, His Life, His Times, His Works - McKinley, D. L. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 2005)
Keywords: biology history

The Bryoflora of Mt. Everett, Taconic Mountains, Massachusetts - N. G. Miller (Rhodora, 2005)
An inventory of the bryophyte flora of Mt. Everett and vicinity, southwestern Massachusetts, a 795 m mountain with an unusual dwarf Pinus rigida (pitch pine) summit forest, produced records for 109 mosses and 45 liverworts (153 species and one variety). The summit pine vegetation contained some bryophytes known to occur in lowland pitch pine forest elsewhere in the northeastern United States, but no species unique to this vegetation type. Some species more characteristic of higher elevation mountains with red spruce-balsam fir forest in the northeastern United States were present in the summit and subsummit areas of Mt. Everett, especially the latter. These azonal northern bryophytes may be descendents of populations of species that were more abundant in the past. Species richness on the mountain increased from summit to lowland, and the subsummit area contained more species than the summit forest area. Substantial differences exist between the bryofloras of Mt. Everett and Mt. Greylock, Massachusetts, 70 km to the north, reflecting edaphic and climatic dissimilarities between the two areas. Bryum flaccidum, Plagiomnium medium, Pseudotaxiphyllum distichaceum, and Sphagnum quinquefarium, on the basis of collections from Mt. Everett and vicinity, are added to the flora of Massachusetts.
Keywords: Berkshires; bryophytes; liverworts; Massachusetts; mosses; Mt. Everett; Mt. Greylock; pine barrens; pitch pine; Taconic Mountains

Bryophytes and Lichens of a Calcium-Rich Spring Seep Isolated on the Granitic Terrain of Mt. Katahdin, Maine, U.S.A - N. G. Miller; Fryday, A. M.; Hinds, J. W. (Rhodora, 2005)
An unexpected concentration of calcicole mosses and lichens has been discovered at and near a small spring seep on the granite headwall of the North Basin of Mt. Katahdin, Piscataquis County, Maine. Water samples from the spring were circumneutral and high in calcium ion content, whereas other springs, ponds, and streams on the mountain tested acidic and low in calcium. Because the Katahdin granite contains no primary carbonate minerals, it is suggested that the source of calcium enrichment in the North Basin spring water is secondary calcium carbonate (calcite) precipitated in cavities and fractures near the base of the upper Katahdin granite and its subsequent dissolution and mobilization by percolating groundwater. Plagioclase, epidote, and other calcic minerals in the granite supply the primary calcium ions. The moss calcicoles grew in small discontinuous patches on wet humified peaty soil over alpine bedrock ledges in communities having floristics and water chemistry similar to lowland rich fens. Present in or near the seep were mosses previously unrecorded for New England or Maine [Loeskypnum wickesiae (Grout) Tuom., Neckera oligocarpa Bruch in Hartm., Pseudoleskea radicosa (Mitt.) Mac. & Kindb., Tortella tortuosa var. fragilifolia (Jur.) Limpr., Warnstorfia sarmentosa (Wahlenb.) Hedenäs], one lichen [Hymenelia cyanocarpa (Anzi) Lutzoni], reported here for the first time from North America, and another lichen (Thelidium minutulum Körb.) for the first time from the contiguous United States. An area adjacent to the seep, but unaffected by calcareous seep-water, was remarkable for a concentration of rare lichen species of acidic rocks, including Catillaria contristans (Nyl.) Zahlbr. and Lecanora caesiosora Poelt, that have not previously been reported from North America. The bryophyte and lichen flora of the seep area is an example of a Holocene alpine microrefugium. Refugia such as these can serve as a source of propagules that allow new populations to establish elsewhere in mountainous terrain, or beyond, during climatic and other environmental change. Therefore, extant, cryptic microrefugia are important biogeographically and especially worthy of preservation efforts.
Keywords: Base-rich spring seep; bryophytes; calcicole; lichens; Maine; microrefugia; Mt. Katahdin; rich fen

Flora and Vegetation - N. G. Miller (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Ophryoglena hemophaga n. sp. (Ciliophora: Ophryoglenidae): A Parasite of the Digestive Gland of Zebra Mussels Dreissena polymorpha - D. P. Molloy; Lynn, D. H.; L. Giamberini (Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 2005)
Ophryoglena hemophaga n. sp. is described from a freshwater Dreissena polymorpha population in the Rhine delta of the Netherlands. This is the first ophryoglenine species (order Hymenostomatida, suborder Ophryoglenina) recorded as a molluscan parasite. As is typical of ciliates in the suborder Ophryoglenina, O. hemophaga exhibits a polymorphic life history with cystment and reproduction by palintomy. Trophonts were observed within digestive gland lumina, and zebra mussel hemocytes were present in some of their digestive vacuoles. The presence of a single, longitudinal tract of multiple contractile vacuoles represents its most unique feature and distinguishes it from all other described Ophryoglena spp. The number of somatic kineties of O. hemophaga (range 50 to 62) is also a distinguishing feature, since it is the lowest described from any Ophryoglena sp. Other characteristics of this species include: ovoid to elongate trophonts 96 to 288 µm in length, with an elongate macronucleus 41 to 65 µm in length; tomonts 50 to 150 µm in diameter producing a clear mucous cyst envelope, whose thickness is approximately half of the tomont diameter; elongated theronts 96 to 131 µm in length which emerge after 1 to 3 cell divisions taking 36 to 48 h at 20 ± 3°C. Protomonts and theronts are, respectively, negatively and positively phototactic—characteristics that likely aid in maintenance of infection in zebra mussel populations.
Keywords: Contractile vacuoles; Palintomy; Phototaxis; Theront; Tomont; Trophont; Zebra mussel

The Rediscovery of a Species - R. S. Morse (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report of the Spain's Boarding House Site, Village of Thendara, Herkimer County, New York - M. Pickands (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Archaeological Research and National Register Significance - C. B. Rieth (New York Archaeological Council Newsletter, 2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Crusoe Creek Excavations - C. B. Rieth (The Monitor, 2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report of the Crusoe Creek Site (NYSM # 1253), Town of Savannah,Wayne County, New York - C. B. Rieth (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Survey Reconnaissance Survey Report for OGS 41532, Green Haven Correctional Facility, Greene County, New York. - C. B. Rieth; J. Bollen (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

John Big Tree - C. B. Rieth (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Kanatsiohareke Mohawk Community - C. B. Rieth (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Upland Settlement and Subsistence in New York - C. B. Rieth (Uplands Archaeology in the East: Symposia VIII and IX, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology Cultural Resources

PIN 3045.51.121, NY Route 104, Town of Scriba and City of Oswego, Oswego County, New York - J. Ross; V. A. Schmitt; N. L. Davis (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Carousels - J. L. Scherer (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

Duncan Phyfe - J. L. Scherer (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

Furniture Making - J. L. Scherer (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history

The Tompkins Collection - J. L. Scherer (The Dutch Settlers Society of Albany Yearbook, 2005)
Keywords: history

The Weitsman Stoneware Collection - J. L. Scherer (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: history

The 'Discovery' of Platanthera praeclara - C. J. Sheviak (The Native Orchid Conference Journal, 2005)
Keywords: biology

The Alvord Plaster Mill Site - Shoemaker, S. (Legacy, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Secrets of Stone Flakes - Shoemaker, S. (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: anthropology

Zebra Mussels - C. A. Siegfried; D. P. Molloy (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: biology

New Hydrothermal Dolomite Natural Gas Reserves in Southern Tier - Smith, L.; R. E. Nyahay (Legacy: The Magazine of the New York State Museum, 2005)
Keywords: geology

Archaeological Monitoring, Treatment, and Data Recovery Plan for New York City Hudson River Bulkhead, PIN X759.80.321, Route 9A from Vesey to Murray Streets, Battery Park City Site 26, New York City, New York County, New York - J. Sopko (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 1460.42.121 NY 32 over the Mohawk River, City of Cohoes and Town of Waterford, Albany and Saratoga Counties, New York-Addendum - J. Sopko (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1001.38.121, Route 2 Slope Stabilization Area, Town of Petersburg, Rensselaer County, New York - J. Sopko (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1306.50.121, Routes 7 and I-87, Exit 5 Interchange Bridge Replacement, Town of Colonie, Albany County, New York - J. Sopko (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1721.78.121, Exit 5 of I-87, Town of Colonie, Albany County, New York - J. Sopko; V. A. Schmitt (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Stony Kill Environmental Education Center, Town of Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - J. Sopko (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1932.28.121 Route 9J Multi-Use Path, Village of Castleton-on-Hudson, Rensselaer County, New York - D. Staley (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2038.29.121, Route 365, Town of Verona, Oneida County, New York - D. Staley; V. A. Schmitt (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report of GM05, GM40, and GM62, Department of Corrections Five Points Correctional Facility Parcel, Seneca Army Depot, Town of Romulus, Seneca County, New Yor - D. Staley (2005)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Punuk Whale Bone Grave from Sivuqaq, St. Lawrence Island: Evidence of High Social Standing, A.D. 775-1020 - D. Staley; Mason, O. K. (Alaska Journal of Anthropology, 2005)
Cultural resource monitoring from 1991 to 1994 revealed 114 graves within the Gambell beach ridge plain; only one gravecontained a sizable inventory of associated objects, classifiable within the Punuk phase. A single 14C age on the driftwood grave cover placed the interment between AD 775 and 1020. The associated grave goods are anomalously elaborate for the Sivuqaq region and somewhat resemble the high status graves reported from Cape Dezhneva, Chukotka.
Keywords: Bering Strait archaeology; Cultural Change; Mortuary Practices

A Sampler of Butterflies and Moths in New York State - Stegemann, E.; T. L. McCabe (The Conservationist, 2005)
Keywords: biology

Ambulances in New York 1911-2004 - G. Stein (New York State Museum Circular, 2005)
Keywords: history

Bicycling (Manufacture) - G. Stein (The Encyclopedia of New York State, 2005)
Keywords: history