Limnology of a Eutrophic Reservoir; Big Bear Lake, California - C. A. Siegfried; Herrgesell, P.L.; Kopache, M.E. (California Fish and Game, 1982)
The limnology of Big Bear Lake, San Bernardino County, a high mountain reservoir in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California was studied from Nov. 1976 through Nov. 1978. Although the 1st yr of study covered a period of severe drought involving the lowest water levels in 10 yr and the lake was at or near capacity during the 2nd yr, the general limnology was similar each year. The lake typically stratifies in early spring and surface temperatures reach about 22.degree. C by mid-summer. Complete mixing occurs by Sept. Anoxia develops in the hypolimnion during stratification, increasing internal nutrient loading from sediments. The annual phytoplankton cycle peaks in the spring and late summer. Diatoms dominate in early spring, green algae briefly dominates in early summer and blue-green algae dominates from mid-summer to fall. In 1977, Anabaena and Chroococcus were the most abundant algal genera. In 1978, Anabaena dominated the early summer community, but Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominated from late summer to fall. Algal growth appears to be limited by P from winter to spring, while N is limiting in the fall. P and N loads from tributaries draining the urbanized southeast portion of the drainage are disproportionately high. Nutrient loading rates are excessive, and well into the eutrophic range. Trophic status was similar in both years. Big Bear Lake will likely remain eutrophic because of its shallow morphology, high nutrient content and basin orientation and development.
Keywords: biology

Phosphorus Loading to a Mountain Reservoir in Southern California - C. A. Siegfried (Water Resources Bulletin, 1982)
Phosphorus loading from precipitation and more than a dozen tributaries of Big Beat Lake, Woman, was determined for the period from January to December 1978. Direct precipitation contributed 1120 kg·P·yr-1 (0.096 g P·m-2·yr-1) while tributary runoff contributed 21,560 kg for a total P loading of 1.84 g P·m-2 Rathbone creek, although accounting for only 4 percent of the hydro-logic input to Big Bear Lake, contributed >27 percent of the annual phosphorus load. Phosphorus loading increased with increased impervious geology and increased development. Nitrogen loading exhibited similar loading patterns. Big Beat Lake is currently eutrophic and is likely to remain eutrophic. Calculations based on Vollenweider's critical phosphorus loading concept indicated that tributary P-loading would have to be reduced by >95 percent to achieve mesotrophic conditions. The completion of Big Bear Dam created a “naturally” eutrophic re mix which dl require proper management to enhance its resource potential.
Keywords: eutrophication; nitrogen; nutrient loading; phosphorus; reservoir

Trophic Relations of Crangon franciscorum Stimpson and Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbum: Predation on the Opossum Shrimp, Neomysis mercedis Holmes - C. A. Siegfried (Hydrobiologia, 1982)
Keywords: biology

Water Quality and Phytoplankton of Lake George, New York: Urban Storm Runoff and Water Quality Gradients - C. A. Siegfried (1982)
Keywords: biology

Geologic Summary and Literature Guide, Mid-Atlantic Bight, Emphasis on Environmental Problems Associated with Petroleum Exploration (Bibliography through 1977) - Smith, P. C.; W. B. Rogers; Glaeser, J. D. (New York State Museum Circular, 1982)
Keywords: geology

Biostratigraphy of the Cambrian-Ordovician Transition in the Bear River Range, Utah and Idaho, Western United States - Taylor, M. E.; E. Landing (The CambrianOrdovician Boundary: Sections, Correlations, Fossil Distributions, and Correlations, 1982)
Keywords: geology paleontology

A Survey of New York Fluted Points - Wellman, B. (Archeology of Eastern North America, 1982)
Keywords: anthropology

A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Tests of Bacillus sphaericus Strain 1593 and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Against Aedes stimulans Larvae - Wraight, S. P.; D. P. Molloy; McCoy, P. (The Canadian Entomologist, 1982)
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype H-14) and B. sphaericus strain 1593 were tested against Aedes stimulons larvae in the laboratory and in 38-cm-diam, open-ended cylinders embedded in the bottom detritus of a woodland pool. Estimates of LC50 were lower against fourth instars in the field at a mean temperature of 15.9 °C than in the laboratory at 21.1 °C. The greater efficacy in the field was attributed to high daytime water temperatures (mean 20.5 °C) following treatment and exposure of the larvae to substantially greater amounts of toxic material in a larger volume of water than in the laboratory. The regression of probit on log10 concentration was not linear over the entire range of mortality caused by B. sphaericus, increasing the difficulty of estimation of LC values. Bacillus sphaericus was significantly less active than B. thuringiensis.
Keywords: biology

Quantitative Analysis of the Herkimer Formation (Upper Silurian) in the Subsurface of Central New York - Beinkafner, K. J. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1981)
Keywords: geology

Cryotheria peninsulae, A New Genus and Species of Ntothenoiid Fish from the Antartic Peninsula - R. A. Daniels (Copea, 1981)
Cryothenia peninsulae, gen. et sp. nov., is described from 20 specimens taken off the Antarctic Peninsula. Diagnostic characteristics include: two lateral lines, pit-like pores associated with the cephalic lateral lines, no tubular lateral line scales, <26 short, non-dentigerous gill rakers and a probable pelagic mode of existence. C. peninsulae is probably a late autumn-early winter spawner and a specialized feeder.
Keywords: biology

Distribution and Ecology of Fishes of the Antarctic Peninsula - R. A. Daniels; Lipps, J. H. (Journal of Biogeography, 1981)
Fishes were collected from twenty-two sites off the Antarctic Peninsula from 62⚬ S to 69⚬ S latitude in 1975. Specimens of thirthy-three species representing seven families were taken. Species associations change with latitude, depth, season and substrate. The Peninsula does appear to be a zone of range overlap between the Patagonian fauna and that of the Antarctic continent. Of the thirty-three species collected, approximately one fourth represent range extensions or are newly described or previously undescribed. Based on the information reported here, and since fishes have been collected from relatively few sites, the taxonomy of many fish groups is poorly known, and habitat preferences of most fishes are unknow, we suggest that division of the Antarctic into various zoogeographic zones based on fish is not yet possible.
Keywords: biology

Emmons, Hall, Mather and Vanuxem; The Four "Horsemen" of the New York State Geological Survey (1836-1841) - Fisher, D. W. (Northeastern Geology, 1981)
Keywords: geology history

The Geologic Past - Fisher, D. W.; C. Brett; Kilgour, W. J.; Terasmae, J.; Liberty, B. A. (Colossal Cataract; The Gologic History of Niagara Falls, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Introduction - Fisher, D. W. (Colossal Cataract; The Geologic History of Niagara Falls, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

The World of Coelophysis; A New York Dinosaur of 200 Million Years Ago - Fisher, D. W. (New York State Museum and Science Service Circular, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Review of "The Archaeology of New England" by Dean R. Snow - Funk, R. E. (Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut, 1981)
Keywords: anthropology

Field Evaluation of the Entomogenous Nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae, As a Biological Control Agent of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) - Gaugler, R.; D. P. Molloy (Mosquito News, 1981)
Keywords: biology

Instar Susceptibility of Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to the Entomogenous Nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae - Gaugler, R. R.; D. P. Molloy (Journal of Nematology, 1981)
Laboratory bioassays showed that the susceptibility of Simulium vittatum to Neoaplectana carpocapsae increased with successive larval instars. First, second, and third instar larvae were resistant to infection, while seventh instars were highly susceptible. Significant differences in intra-instar susceptibility were also evident, as mortality ranged from 58% for the smallest seventh instar larvae to 97% for the largest. Dissections revealed that the basis for the resistance of early instars was physical exclusion of the comparatively large nematodes. The principle factor regulating the susceptibility of mid and late instars was injury to nematodes caused by larval mouthparts during ingestion. Differences in intra-instar susceptibility were similarly related to nematode injury.
Keywords: biology

Extent and Character of the Carthage-Colton Mylonite Zone, Northwest Adirondacks, New York - Geraghty, E. P.; Y. W. Isachsen; Wright, S. F. (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1981)
Keywords: geology

Earthenwares and Salt-glazed Stonewares of the Rochester-Genesee Valley Region: An Overview. - G. R. Hamell (Northeast Historical Archaeology, 1981)
Keywords: anthropology history

North Bay Pottery - G. R. Hamell (The New York-Pennsylvania Collector, 1981)
Keywords: history

Contemporary Doming of the Adirondack Mountains; Further Evidence From Releveling - Y. W. Isachsen (Tectonophysics, 1981)
The Adirondack Mountains constitute an anomalously large, domical uplift on the Appalachian foreland. The dome has a NNE—SSW axis about 190 km long, and an east—west dimension of about 140 km. It has a structural relief of at least 1600 m, and a local topographic relief of up to 1200 m. First-order leveling in 1955, and again in 1973 along a north—south line at the eastern margin of the Adirondack shows an uplift rate of 2.2 mm/yr at the latitude of the center of the dome and a subsidence rate of 2.8 mm/yr at the northern end of the line near the Canadian border. The net amount of arching along this releveled line is 9 cm ± 2 cm (Isachsen, 1975). To test the idea that this arching represented an “edge effect” of contemporary doming of the Adirondacks as a whole, the National Geodetic Survey was encouraged to relevel a 1931 north—south line between Utica and Fort Covington (near the Canadian border) which crosses the center of the dome. The releveling showed that the mountain mass is undergoing contemporary domical uplift at a rate which reaches 3.7 mm/yr near the center of the dome (compare with 1 mm/yr for the Swiss Alps). Three other releveled lines in the area support this conclusion.
Keywords: geology

Atokan Conodonts from the Pennsylvanian Outlier of the Michigan Basin - E. Landing; Wardlaw, B. R. (Journal of Paleontology, 1981)
Conodonts occur in thin marine lenses in the upper part of the Saginaw Formation (commonly referred to as the Verne Limestone Member), Eaton and Clinton counties, Michigan. Associated fusulinids, macrofaunas, and floras establish equivalency with both the upper part of the Pottsville Formation and the upper Atokan Series. The conodont fauna by itself is open to interpretation as lower through upper Atokan. The rarity of Neognathodus (P) elements in the marine lenses precludes a precise correlation with the Neognathodus acme-zone sequence established for the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian in Ohio and northwestern Illinois. Associated conodonts are stratigraphically long ranging in the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian and Idiognathoides sinuatus is interpreted to range as high as the upper Atokan. Idiognathoides sinuatus is abundant and may fill the niche of Neognathodus in the Idiognathodus-Idiognathoides-Idioprioniodus-Hindeodus-Diplognathodus-Neognathodus-Aethotaxis assemblage from the marine lenses. Whether this assemblage represents a new eastern Midcontinent conodont biofacies or indicates a faunal connection with the western Midcontinent is unknown. Idiognathodus is dominant to the near exclusion of Idiognathoides in black shales with sparse benthic faunas at the base (transgressive) and top (regressive) of the thin marine lenses. Multielement "Idioprioniodus conjuctus" and Hindeodus minutus and the platform elements of Diplognathodus coloradoensis, Idiognathodus delicatus, Idiognathoides sinuatus, and Neognathodus medexultimus are systematically described. Idiognathoides sinuatus and I. corrugatus are asymmetrically paired platforms ("parasymmetry pairs") representing morphologically distinct sinistral and dextral elements of a probable Type 1 apparatus.
Keywords: geology paleontology

Conodont Biostratigraphy and Thermal Color Alteration Indices of the Upper St. Charles and Lower Garden City Formations: Evidence for an Interformational Diachronous Unconformity in the Bear River Range, northern Utah and Southeastern Idaho - E. Landing (1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Conodonts from the Cape Clay Formation (Lower Ordovician), Southern Devon Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago - E. Landing; Barnes, C. R. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1981)
As part of a program involving the Ordovician conodont faunas of southern Devon Island, Northwest Territories, 22 samples were processed from the Cape Clay Formation and lowest Nadlo Point Formation near Dundas Harbour. The Cape Clay Formation is 85 m thick and composed of bluff-forming mottled limestone and dolomitic limestone. A small but diverse conodont fauna of 229 elements was recovered in which 23 form and multielement species are represented. Several new taxa are described in open nomenclature, and multielement Utahconus? bassleri (Furnish) is discussed. The fauna is considered to represent Fauna C of the North American Midcontinent Faunal Province and is indicative of a late Tremadocian age. This fauna, in a unit with few macrofossils, indicates correlation of the Cape Clay Formation near Dundas Harbour with the upper Turner Cliffs Formation of the Foxe Basin, with the upper Copes Bay and (or) lower Baumann Fiord formations of Cornwallis, northwest Devon, and Ellesmere Islands of the Canadian Arctic, and with some portion of Ross–Hintze trilobite Zones A – lower D of the Great Basin.
Keywords: geology paleontology

Part III. Middle and Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the central Rocky Mountains, Utah and Idaho. Stop 9B.1: Upper St. Charles and Lower Garden City Formations at Franklin Basin, Northern Bear River Range, Idaho - E. Landing; Taylor, M. E. (Cambrian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Great Basin and Vicinity, Western United States, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Major Aboriginal Projectile Points in New York State - P. Lord Jr. (Popular Archaeology, 1981)
Keywords: anthropology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1021.23.101, Route 159, Mariaville Lake Causeway, Schenectady County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; Bonafede, P. (1981)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2056.42, NYS Route 8, Leonardsville-Bridgewater, Madison County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (1981)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9306.33, Route 7 Bridge Replacement, Town of Central Bridge, Schoharie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; Cornell, D.; Ross, B. (1981)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9750.63, Howes Cave Road Bridge, County Route 8, Schoharie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1981)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Tetrahymena rotunda sp. n. (Hymenostomatida: Tetrahymenidae), A Ciliate Parasite of the Hemolymph of Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) - Lynn, D. H.; D. P. Molloy; LeBrun, R. (Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 1981)
This report is the first confirmed record of ciliatosis in North American black flies. A new species, Tetrahymena rotunda n. sp. is diagnosed as a parasite of Simulium spp. This species is characterized by its globose shape, large size and total kinety number, and relatively small buccal cavity. In a five-year period (1976-1980) in upper New York State, the infection rate in Simulium spp. parasitized by this tetrahymenid was low, usually <2%. Ciliates were found in Simulium tuberosum larvae and in the larval, pupal, and adult stages of Simulium venustum. Hosts typically harbored ~10 ciliates, a number far less than generally reported for ciliate-infected dipterans.
Keywords: biology

The Biology of Oxyporus lateralis Gravenhorst (Staphylinidae) - T. L. McCabe; Teale, S. A. (The Coleopterists Bulletin, 1981)
The larva and pupa of Oxyporus lateralis Gravenhorst (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae) are described and illustrated. The larva has been misdetermined in past literature. The honey mushroom, Armillariella mellea (Fr.) Karst., was the host for larvae obtained in the White Mountains, New Hampshire.
Keywords: biology

The Larva of Agrotis volubilis Harvey (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - T. L. McCabe (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1981)
The mature larva of Agrotis volubilis Harvey (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is described and illustrated. Achillea millefolium L. was found to be an acceptable host. Late instar larvae became more general, accepting Vaccinium vacillans Torr. and Oenothera biennis L. Larvae were fullgrown by the 20th of July (52 days), but would not pupate. They remained healthy through October, when they were placed in out-of-door cages; the larvae failed to overwinter.
Keywords: biology

Rare Plants of New York State - R. S. Mitchell; C. J. Sheviak (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1981)
Keywords: biology

Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis As a Biological Control Agent of Black Fly Larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) - D. P. Molloy; Gaugler, R. R.; H. Jamnback (Journal of Economic Entomology, 1981)
In laboratory trials with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. israelensis de Barjac against Simulium larvae, the following factors significantly influenced efficacy: black fly instar and species, formulation, temperature, and product manufacturer. Mortalities were consistently higher among smaller larvae, e.g., after 15 min exposures with Bellon Laboratory primary powder at 11°C, the LC90 value for 2nd–5th instars (111 ppb) was significantly lower than for 7th instars (615 ppb). S. verecundum Stone and Jamnback larvae were significantly more susceptible than S. vittatum Zetterstedt to Bellon primary powder. In trials comparing Bellon preparations by total product weight, significantly higher mortalities were achieved with primary powder than with other preparations. No difference in efficacy, however, was evident between Bellon WP and primary powder when compared solely on the basis of the weight of their AI (Bellon wettable = 50% AI (wt/wt), while Bellon primary = 100% AI). Both the Bellon aqueous suspension and emulsion were less effective than the WP and primary powder. Results with the emulsion were erratic due to adverse effect on feeding behavior. Microscopic observation of test larvae revealed abnormal clumping of their cephalic fan rays and inhibition of normal feeding during exposure to the emulsion. Mortality among S. vittatum larvae treated at 20°C was twice that recorded at 10°C. Tests with Abbott and Bellon primary powders showed the Bellon preparation to be 3 to 4 times more toxic.
Keywords: biology

Field Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Biocontrol Agent and Its Effect on Nontarget Stream Insects - D. P. Molloy; H. Jamnback (Journal of Economic Entomology, 1981)
When a small stream was treated at 0.5 ppm/15 min (13°C) with an aqueous suspension of unformulated Bellon primary powder of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. israelensis, 96, 86, 53, and 11% reductions occurred, respectively, in larval populations of Simulium spp. black flies at 20, 180, 350, and 705 m below the treatment point. In contrast, the number of black fly larvae declined by only 5% in the upstream control. Mortality occurred within 2–3 days of treatment, with few dead larvae remaining attached by the 5th day posttreatment. The mortality rates of larvae transported to and reared in the laboratory for 48 h posttreatment closely corresponded to the rates recorded in the stream. Significantly higher mortality rates occurred among smaller larvae. In contrast to the sharp reduction (89%) in black fly larvae in the 20–350 m area below the treatment point, Surber samples indicated increases in mayfly (35%), caddisfly (47%), stonefly (75%), chironomid (19%), and elmid (242%) populations. Thus, no adverse effect on any of these nontarget populations was evident following stream treatment.
Keywords: biology

Mermithid Parasitism of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) - D. P. Molloy (Journal of Nematology, 1981)
Mermithid nematodes are common parasites of black flies and play a significant role in the natural regulation of these medically important insects. Infection levels tend to he moderate and perennial, with epizootics rare and highly localized. Mermithid parasitism almost invariably results in the death of the black fly, and thus considerable attention has focused on the potential of these nematodes as biocontrol agents. Early instar black fly larvae appear most susceptible to infection, and integumental penetration hy mermithid preparasites is the only known mode of entry. Postparasitic nematodes typically emerge before host pupation. However, carryover of parasitism into adult simuliids is an important mechanism for local dispersal and recolonization of upstream areas. Following emergence, the mermithids molt to the adult stage. Copulation ensues, the females then laying eggs which eventually give rise to the next generation of infective preparasites. The number of described species is conservatively estimated at 35-40, with most species within the genera Mesomermis, Gastromermis, and Isomermis. The taxonomy of this group of mermithids is a challenging and little explored area. Host-specificity statements, therefore, must be made cautiously because of these systematic problems and others within the Simuliidae. In most instances, temporal and spatial factors limit the host range of these mermithids among simuliid species. Differential susceptibilities anmng larvae concurrently present within the same microhabitat probably reflect varying degrees of host attractiveness and behavioral-physiological resistance. Effects of parasitism on the host may include prevention of metamorphosis, sterility, intersexual development, and behavior modification. Evaluation of the technical feasibility of mermithid control of black flies has been stymied by the limitations of current inoculum-production technology. Continued advances in in vivo and in vitro culture methods are required to accelerate the research process.
Keywords: biology

Effect of Light Intensity on Sulfate Uptake and Primary Productivity by Natural Freshwater Microplankton Communities and Axenic Algal Cultures - Monheimer, R. H. (Hydrobiologia, 1981)
Analyses of four years of in situ sulfate uptake by microplankton communities in two,trophically different lakes showed that about 12% of the experiments had dark uptake equal to or higher than uptake at ambient light. Three axenic algal cultures subjected to different light intensities showed that sulfate uptake patterns, relative to primary productivity, vary with species and although sulfate uptake tends to decrease at lower light levels, at or very near darkness, in physiologically active (young) cultures sulfate uptake frequently increases dramatically. The field data, when summarized according to the light received, shows the same trends seen in the axenic cultures. It is concluded that sulfate uptake is only loosely associated with inorganic carbon uptake (primary productivity) and that under some circumstances a low level of light may increase the sulfate uptake rate.
Keywords: biology

Field Guide to Northeastern Ferns - Ogden, E. C. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1981)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources REconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1751.00, Hegeman-Hill Street Bridge Replacement, Town of Greenwich, Washington County, New York - Perez, C.; M.S. LoRusso; Costello, M. (1981)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cherry Valley - L. V. Rickard (Devonian Biostratigraphy of New York; Part 2, Stop Descriptions, 1981)
Keywords: geology

The Devonian System of New York State - L. V. Rickard (Devonian biostratigraphy of New York; Part 1, Text, 1981)
Keywords: geology

The Devonian System of New York State - L. V. Rickard (Devonian Biostratigraphy of New York; Part 1, Text, 1981)
Keywords: geology

Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Hydrocharitaceae) New to the U.S. - Roberts, M.; Stuckey, R.; R. S. Mitchell (Rhodora, 1981)
Keywords: biology

The Dissolution of a Shaker Community - J. L. Scherer (New York Pennsylvania Collector, 1981)
Keywords: history

Funnyman - J. L. Scherer (Naho, 1981)
Keywords: history

Groveland's atypical Shaker - Emmory Brooks' Distinctive Furniture - J. L. Scherer (New York Pennsylvania Collector, 1981)
Keywords: history

Labeled New York Furniture at the New York State Museum - J. L. Scherer (The Magazine Antiques, 1981)
Keywords: history

New York State Furniture - J. L. Scherer (The Connoisseur, 1981)
Keywords: history

Endangered and Threatened Plants - C. J. Sheviak (Endangered and Threatened Species of Illinois, 1981)
Keywords: biology

Phytoplankton of Lake George: Seasonal and Geographic Patterns - C. A. Siegfried (The Lake George Ecosystem, 1981)
Keywords: biology

When the Cows Were Drunk - G. Stein (Naho, 1981)
Keywords: history

The Cambrian-Ordovician Transition in the Bear River Range, Utah and Idaho: A Preliminary Evaluation - Taylor, M. E.; E. Landing; Gillette, S. L. (Short Papers for the Second International Symposium on the Cambrian System, 1981, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Part III. Middle and Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Stratigraphy of the Central Rocky Mountains, Utah and Idaho. Stop 8.1: Upper St. Charles and Lower Garden City Formations, Blacksmith Fork Canyon, Southern Bear River Range, Utah - Taylor, M. E.; E. Landing (Cambrian Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Great Basin and Vicinity, Western United States, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Biostratigraphy, Jasper National Park, Alberta - Westrop, S. R.; E. Landing; Ludvigsten, R. (The Cambrian System in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta and British Columbia. Guidebook for Field Trip 2, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Biostratigraphy, Jasper National Park, Alberta - Westrop, S. R.; E. Landing; Ludvigsten, R. (The Cambrian System in the southern Canadian Rocky Mountains, Alberta and British Columbia. Guidebook for Field Trip 2, 1981)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Effects of Temperature and Instar on the Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus Strain 1593 Against Aedes stimulans Larvae - Wraight, S. P.; D. P. Molloy; H. Jamnback; McCoy, P. (Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1981)
Laboratory trials of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype 14) and B. sphaericus strain 1593 against field-collected Aedes stimulans showed that susceptibility declined with increasing instar and decreasing temperature. Test results with B. sphaericus were more erratic than with B. thuringiensis, and the efficacy of the former declined more rapidly with decreasing temperature. B. thuringiensis was significantly more active than B. sphaericus under all treatment conditions. These results indicate that the effective use of this strain of B. sphaericus as a mosquito biological control agent may be limited to warm water situations against more susceptible species.
Keywords: Aedes stimulans; Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593; Bacillus thuringiensis var; Biological control; israelensis

Efficacy of Bacillus sphaericus Strain 1593 Against the Four Instars of Laboratory Reared and Field Collected Culex pipiens and Laboratory Reared Culex salinarius - Wraight, S. P.; D. P. Molloy; H. Jamnback (The Canadian Entomologist, 1981)
Culex pipiens pipiens and C. salinarius were found equally susceptible in laboratory tests to Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 with LC50 values for the four instars ranging between 20 and 137 ppb (approximately 820 and 5600 spores/ml). Tests against field collected C. p. pipiens larvae revealed a regularly decreasing susceptibility with increasing larval age, the first instars being between 2 and 5 times more susceptible than fourth instars. In contrast, no significant differences in the susceptibility of second, third, and fourth instars were found in tests of laboratory reared larvae.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1088.02, Cohoes-Waterford Arterial, Albany County, New York - Bonafede, P.; M.S. LoRusso (1980)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

A Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Sulfur-containing Amino Acids Employing Flame Photometric Detection - Bonvel , S. I.; Monheimer, R. H. (Journal of Chromatographic Science, 1980)
Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) response to flame photometric detection in the sulfur mode was studied employing N-heptafluorobutyryl, isobutyl, and ethyl ester derivatives of cysteine, methionine, and cystine. Nanogram response was obtained using 3% OV-101 on Chromosorb W HP (80/100 mesh) and 3% SE-30 on Chromosorb W HP (100/120 mesh).
Keywords: biology

Calculation of Rates of Gully Erosion - D. H. Cadwell (Journal of Geologic Education, 1980)
Describes a student field project involving the estimation of a maximum rate of erosion for a local area. Identifies the factors influencing erosion and outlines the method of investigation.
Keywords: geology

Marketing Analysis of the Sand and Gravel Business Using Central-place Theory and Surficial Geology Maps - R. H. Fakundiny (Proceedings; Fourteenth Annual Forum on the Geology of Industrial Minerals, 1980)
Keywords: geology

Bedrock Geology of the Central Mohawk Valley, New York - Fisher, D. W. (New York State Museum and Science Service Map and Chart Series, 1980)
Keywords: geology

New Mountains from Old Rocks; the Adirondacks - Fisher, D. W.; Y. W. Isachsen; P. R. Whitney (New York State Museum Education Leaflet, 1980)
Keywords: geology

Review of "6LF21: A Paleo-Indian Site in Western Connecticut" by Roger W. Moeller - Funk, R. E. (Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut, 1980)
Keywords: anthropology

A Bioassay System for the Evaluation of Black Fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) Control Agents Under Simulated Stream Conditions - Gaugler, R. R.; D. P. Molloy; Haskins, T.; Rider, G. (The Canadian Entomologist, 1980)
A new bioassay unit is described which provides simulated stream conditions for testing control agents against black fly larvae. Attributes include uniform flow, high control survival, and excellent visibility for observing larval behavior. It also possesses the unique advantage of using recycled water, continuously supplied fresh water, or both simultaneously. The unit has performed satisfactorily in assays against black flies using pathogens, parasites, and chemicals. In addition, stream invertebrates from four insect orders have been maintained in the unit. A simple and inexpensive incubation unit is also described which possesses several of the advantages of the bioassay unit. It lacks the capability for recirculation and is generally less versatile than the bioassay unit; however, it is useful for the maintenance and observation of stream insects.
Keywords: biology

Feeding Inhibition in Black Fly Larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Its Effects on the Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis - Gaugler, R. R.; D. P. Molloy (Environmental Entomology, 1980)
The normal feeding behavior of Simulium vittatum larvae was disrupted following exposure to high concentrations of suspended particles under simulated stream conditions. Virtually all particulates tested caused inhibition of feeding at a concentration of 50 mg/liter, indicating that inhibition is a nonspecific response. The percentage of larvae with inhibited feeding increased with increasing particle concentration. Our results indicate that inhibition was a consequence of rapid gut filling. The pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against S. vittatum was diminished or enhanced depending on whether feeding inhibition was induced before or after bacterial exposure. These results were attributed to reduced rates of bacterial ingestion and voidance, respectively. Such effects may have important implications in laboratory bioassays and field control.
Keywords: biology

Fossilized Viscera in Primitive Echinoderms - Haugh, B. N.; Bell, B. M. (Science, 1980)
Fossilized visceral organs in ancient echinoderms have anatomical features that were not inferred from the anatomy of extant relatives. The unique visceral anatomy of extinct echinoderms demonstrates the need to integrate paleontological and neontological analyses in order to fully evaluate this and other morphologically complex phyla. Comparative analysis of the visceral anatomy of extinct and extant echinoderms necessitates regrouping these animals into three new subphyla. Similar analyses for other metazoan groups could yield equally significant results.
Keywords: paleontology

Continental Collisions and Ancient Volcanoes; The Geology of Southeastern New York - Y. W. Isachsen (New York State Museum Educational Leaflet, 1980)
Keywords: geology

Additional Paleo-Indian and Archaic Materials from the Dutchess Quarry Cave Area, Orange County, New York - Kopper, J. S.; Funk, R. E.; Dumont, L. (Archaeology of Eastern North America, 1980)
Keywords: anthropology

Catalogue of the Types in the New York State Museum Insect Collection - T. L. McCabe; Johnson, L. L. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1980)
Keywords: biology

Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl., a New Host for the Red-Banded Leaf Roller - T. L. McCabe; C. J. Sheviak (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1980)
Larvae of the tortricid, Argyrotaenia velutinana Wlk., have been recorded feeding on the seeds of the orchid, Platanthera cristata (Michx.) Lindl., on Long Island, New York.
Keywords: biology

Reclassification of the Polia Complex for North America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) - T. L. McCabe (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1980)
Keywords: biology

Structural Synthesis of the Southern and Central Adirondacks: A Model for the Adirondacks as a Whole and Plate-tectonics Interpretations: Summary - McLelland, J.; Y. W. Isachsen (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1980)
The appearance of the Geologic Map of New York in 1961 (Fisher and others 1961) focused attention in the Adirondacks on the great variability in the quality and detail with which various parts of the region had been mapped. It became clear that extensive areas of either very old mapping, or only broad reconnaissance mapping undertaken in preparation for the State Geologic Map (Isachsen, unpub. maps), lay in the southern half of the Adirondacks. This situation made the area attractive to new workers interested in geological mapping and structural synthesis, and resulted in numerous new investigations (de Waard, 1962, 1964; Walton and de Waard, 1963; de Waard and Romey, 1963, 1968; McLellahd, 1969, 1972, 1978; Nelson, 1968; Letteney, 1969; Glennie, 1973; Geraghty, 1978).
Keywords: geology

Polygonum and Rumex - R. S. Mitchell (A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland, 1980)
Keywords: biology

Rare and Endangered Vascular Plant Species in New York State - R. S. Mitchell; C. J. Sheviak; Dean, J. K. (U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980)
Keywords: biology

Isolation of Strelkovimermis peterseni, A Mermithid Parasite of Anopheline Mosquitoes - D. P. Molloy; Wraight, S. P. (Journal of Nematology, 1980)
Keywords: biology

The Pathogenicity of Neoaplectana carpocapsae to Blackfly Larvae - D. P. Molloy; Gaugler, R. R.; H. Jamnback (Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1980)
Laboratory assays indicated that infective-stage juveniles of Neoaplectana carpocapsae are highly pathogenic to Simulium spp. larvae. Instar susceptibility increased with larval size, with early instars being nonsusceptible. High rates of mortality (75 – 100%) were achieved in assays against late instars. These results indicate that N. carpocapsae may have potential value as a blackfly biocontrol agent.
Keywords: biological control of blackflies; Neoaplectana carpocapsae; Simulium spp.

The Identity and Status of Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydberg) Rydberg - C. J. Sheviak; Catling, P. M. (Rhodora, 1980)
Keywords: biology

Spiranthes dendroneura (Orchidaceae), A New Species from Chihuahua - C. J. Sheviak; R. A. Bye Jr. (Brittonia, 1980)
Spiranthes dendroneura, a new species from the pine-oak forests of northwestern Mexico, resemblesS. parasilica andS. valerioi in the slender leafless flowering habit, the solitary, tuberously thickened root, and the calli at the base of the lip, but differs by the distinctive shape of the lip which lacks a red central thickening.
Keywords: biology

Feeding of Neomysis mercedis (Holmes) - C. A. Siegfried; Kopache, M.E. (Biological Bulletin, 1980)
The diet of the opossum shrimp, Neomysis mercedis, in the Sacramento River Estuary was studied in relation to food availability, i.e., plankton, from January through November, 1976. The composition of the diet of N. mercedis varied in relation to mysid size and prey availability. Mysids exhibited strong positive selection for the large diatom prey species while "avoiding" small diatom prey. Although diatoms were the most abundant prey identified from the guts of specimens of N. mercedis it was determined that predation on rotifers and copepods accounted for > 80% of the energy consumed by other-than-juvenile mysids (≥7 mm in length). Juvenile mysids (≤ 3 mm in length) ingested rotifers when rotifers were abundant but were not found to consume copepods. Laboratory feeding experiments indicate a density-dependent feeding by N. mercedis on copepods, i.e., as copepod density increases mysid predation on copepods also increases. Feeding observations indicate that N. mercedis is not a particularly active predator, capturing prey drawn into its feeding current but not actively pursuing prey. N. mercedis appears to feed continuously, with a peak in activity for mature mysids during darkness, a pattern not apparent in immature mysids. Consumption of the detritus was not considered significant. Although herbivory may be of direct importance during the spring diatom increase, carnivory was the major source of energy for N. mercedis in the Sacramento River during 1976.
Keywords: biology

Seasonal Abundance and Distribution of Crangon franciscorum and Palaemon macrodactylus (Decapoda, Caridae) in the San Francisco Bay Delta - C. A. Siegfried (Biological Bulletin, 1980)
The seasonal abundance and distribution of the native caridean shrimp, Crangon franciscorum, and the introduced shrimp, Palaemon macrodactylus, in the channel areas of the San Francisco Bay Delta were studied from April, 1977, through October, 1978. C. franciscorum reproduces earlier in the year and grows to a larger size than P. macrodactylus. C. franciscorum reproduction occurs from December to June in the high salinity waters of San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. P. macrodactylus reproduction occurs from May to September in the delta as well as in higher salinity habitats. Length-weight and length-fecundity relationships differ significantly between the two shrimp. Both shrimp are limited upstream by low salinities, few shrimp occurring at salinities < 1‰. The downstream distribution of these shrimp is related to prey availability, i.e., Neomysis mercedis abundance. Indices of spatial overlap, or interspecies patchiness, indicate a high degree of overlap which varied seasonally and exhibited markedly different patterns in 1977 and 1978. Directional crowding (intraspecific patchiness) also differed between 1977 and 1978. P. macrodactylus appears more tolerant of varied environmental conditions than C. franciscorum, occurring in the same habitats and also in additional ones not utilized by C. franciscorum. This may give P. macrodactylus a competitive advantage when trophic resources become limiting.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1129.00, Southern Blvd (Rt 9W), City of Albany, Town of Bethlehem. - Aikman, L. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 7006.08, Route 68, Village of Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York - Barr, A. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The State-Federal Partnership in Siting of Nuclear Power Plants - Davis, J. F.; Slossen, J. E.; R. H. Fakundiny (Reviews in Engineering Geology, 1979)
Geology and seismology studies are becoming increasingly important in nuclear power plant siting decisions. Earthquake hazard assessment is perhaps the most challenging application of these disciplines to siting. Techniques for determination of the probabilities of damaging earthquakes and forecasting of seismic events need further development before they can be routinely applied as prescribed standards to power plant siting. Although the plate-tectonics model provides a functional explanation for the loci of earthquake activity along plate boundaries, the genesis of seismicity within lithospheric plates is less well understood. The seismic potential of numerous mapped, geologic structures in many portions of the North American continent are still matters of conjecture and disagreement. The current siting criteria provide a normative procedure for establishing seismic design bases using the regional earthquake history and structural geology, together with detailed observations at the site. This process of prescribed analysis can, and has, led different investigators to contrasting conclusions. States review the seismic design conclusions of the applicant utility and the safety evaluations of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). Outside of the utilities and the NRC, the States are virtually the only other entities with scientific expertise that regularly participate in the siting process. The State role is usually advisory and nonregulatory. States contribute extensive knowledge of regional geology and seismicity to the decision-making process. Increasingly, the State geological surveys provide comments and suggestions to the Federal government and to utilities at an early enough stage so that an extensive and helpful dialogue precedes the State's ultimate, formal review of siting reports. In this discussion, we examine the State roles in determining the site-specific seismic-design bases for nuclear power plants. We consider the roles and perspectives of other parties as well. The scientific and procedural limitations that affect the siting process are analyzed. Finally, recommendations are made to improve the manner in which conclusions about seismic hazards at nuclear power plant sites are presented.
Keywords: geology

The Early and Middle Archaic in New York as Seen from the Upper Susquehanna River Valley, New York - Funk, R. E. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1979)
Brennan has provided us with a position paper designed to elicit our responses on the Early Archaic period as currently known in New York State. I will address my remarks to some of the issues he raises and will also consider other aspects of the subject in the light of contributions made by our current program of research in the Upper Susquehanna Valley. This paper is concerned chiefly with the following problems: 1) The identifying or diagnostic traits of Early to Middle Archaic complexes; 2) The external relationships of these complexes; 3) Relative and absolute chronology, i.e. the position of traits and complexes in the northeastern developmental sequence and their age in 14C years; 4) The geographic distribution of traits and complexes in relation to possible routes of migration or diffusion; 5) The density or abundance of surviving lithic remains as compared to other periods, with implications for estimates of population size.
Keywords: anthropology

Archaeological Chronology and Postglacial Alluvial Regimes in the Upper Susquehanna River Valley, New York - Kirkland, J. T.; Funk, R. E. (Northeast Geology, 1979)
Keywords: anthropology geology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1075.02, Riverfront Park Lagoon Excavation, City of Albany, Albany, New York - P. Lord Jr. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey for PIN 1059.01, Alternate Route 7, Eggers Factory Complex, Elm St. to D&H R.R., Town of Colonie, Albany, New York - P. Lord Jr. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey Report for Route 50 (SH 241), Chester House to Tree Farm, City of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga, New York. - P. Lord Jr. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Prehistoric Archeology and the New York State Museum - P. Lord Jr. (New York State Museum Education Leaflet, 1979)
Keywords: anthropology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7750.53, Fort Covington Supplement, Franklin County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; Ross, B. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Biology of Platycis sculptilis (Say) (Coleoptera, Lycidae) - T. L. McCabe; Johnson, L. M. (The Coleopterists Bulletin, 1979)
The larvae of Platycis sculptilis (Say), found in decaying wood of a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) near Ithaca, New York, are described and illustrated. Larvae were found to move through soft wood by hydrostatic action and fed on decaying juices of the wood. Three pupae and four adults were obtained by rearing.
Keywords: biology

Larva of Calopteron terminale (Say) with additional notes on adults behavior (Coleoptera, Lycidae) - T. L. McCabe; Johnson, L. M. (New York Entomological Society, 1979)
Gregarious behavior was observed in the pupae and adults of Calopteron terminale (Say) (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Predatory habits in the adults were not confirmed by experiments. The larva and pupa are described and illustrated.
Keywords: biology

Mosquitoes of New York. Part I. The Genus Aedes Meigen With Identification Keys to Genera of Culicidae - Means, R. G. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1979)
Keywords: biology

Magnoliaceae through Ceratophyllaceae of New York State - R. S. Mitchell; Beal, E. O. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1979)
Keywords: biology

Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family) of New York State - R. S. Mitchell; Dean, J. K. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1979)
Keywords: biology

Preliminary Lists of Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species in New York State - R. S. Mitchell (New York State Museum Leaflet, 1979)
Keywords: biology

Stanley J. Smith (obituary) - R. S. Mitchell (Taxon, 1979)
Keywords: biology

Description and Bionomics of Mesomermis camdenensis n. sp. (Mermithidae), A Parasite of Black Flies (Simuliidae) - D. P. Molloy (Journal of Nematology, 1979)
Mesomermis camdenensis n. sp. is described from larvae of Simulium tuberosum (lundstroem) collected in Camden Valley Creek, Washington County, New York. This species possesses a barrel-shaped vagina, vulval flap. two short separate spicules, terminal mouth, six longitudinal chords, six cephalic papillae, large sexually dimorpbic anaphids, an esophagns of uniform width which extends for less than one-third of the body length, and a cone-shaped tail directed ventrally without appendage. Juveniles also are described and illustrated. A detailed morphological comparison with the mermithid M. flumenalis Welch is presented. The most pronounced morphological differences between these species are in the shape of the vulva, juvenile tail, and infective stage. Cross-mating trials support the integrity of the new species. The life cycle of M. camdenensis is closely synchronized with that of its primary host, S. tuberosum larvae. Infected S. tuberosum larvae were first collected in May. Emergence of postparasites from late instars took place from mid-June through mid-October. Sampling data indicate a lower susceptibility to infection among S. venuslum Say larvae.
Keywords: bionomics; Mesomermis spp.; Simulium tuberosum; taxonomy

Determination of Microbial Heterotrophic Biomass Production by Sulfate Uptake Measurement - Monheimer, R. H. (ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1979)
In aerobic waters, the uptake of sulfur by microorganisms should, theoretically, reflect their uptake of carbon. Studies with pure cultures of bacteria suggest that sulfate sulfur uptake follows the kinetics of organic carbon uptake and, also, that sulfate sulfur is the only significant source of sulfur in natural microbial biomass production. Sulfate uptake should, therefore, be useful for measuring microbial heterotrophy. However, partitioning photosynthetic from heterotrophic sulfate uptake is complicated, since dark sulfate uptake cannot necessarily be interpreted as heterotrophy. Ongoing studies with axenic cultures suggest that a relationship between primary production and sulfate uptake exists, thereby potentially allowing the calculation of heterotrophy in terms of the construction of sulfur biomass. Such calculations, although preliminary, are presented.
Keywords: biology

Effect of Cysteine and Methionine on Sulfate Uptake and Primary Productivity by Axenic Cultures and Lake Microplankton Communities - Monheimer, R. H. (Journal of Phycology, 1979)
The presence of up to 500 μg sulfur·l−1 of an equimolar mixture of cysteine and methionine had virtually no effect on the SO42- uptake rate of Navicula pelliculosa, (Bréb.) Hilse whereas the rate of Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs was decreased by the presence of 500 μg S· l−1 and Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngbye) Bréb. by 50 μg S·l−1. Primary productivity in these axenic cultures was affected (decreased) only in A. falcatus. The C:S uptake ratio was lowest in N. pelliculosa and highest in A. falcatus. Considering these species as representative of groups of naturally occurring algae, patterns of SO42- uptake and primary productivity in a eutrophic and a moderately oligotrophic lake reflected the results of the algal culturing experiments: SO42- uptake rates, relative to primary productivity, were higher in the presence of diatoms and bluegreen algae and lower when green algae were present; the addition of the cysteine I methionine mixture to the lake waters decreased the rate of microplankton SO42- uptake in correlation with the makeup of the algal community; primary productivity decreased upon the addition of cysteine I methionine when green algae were relatively abundant. It is concluded that, in most fresh water systems, the effects of organic sulfur pollution on algal SO42- uptake and primary productivity are insignificant as compared to other ecological changes that occur due to that pollution.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Survey Report for PIN 2035.02, Route 334, Bridge over Cayadutta Creek, Town of Johnstown, New York - Piro, A. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2017.02, Marcy-Utica-Deerfield Study, Herkimer County, New York. - Reese, J. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for Route 291 over the Utica and Black River Railroad, Town of Marcy, Oneida County, New York - Reese, J. (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Otter Creek No. 2 Site in Rutland County, Vermont - Ritchie, W. A. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1979)
Keywords: anthropology

Some Regional Ecological Factors in the Prehistory of Man in the Northeast - Ritchie, W. A. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1979)
Keywords: anthropology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7015.33, Eastern Boulevard, Watertown, New York - Ross, B.; M.S. LoRusso (1979)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Opuntia fragilis (Cactaceae) Verified in Illinois Flora - C. J. Sheviak (Brittonia, 1979)
Opuntia fragilis has been reported only once from Illinois. Recent workers have not been able to find a substantiating specimen and have excluded the species from the flora. The missing specimen has now been found and is referable to this species.
Keywords: biology

Totiglobus, an Unusual New Edrioasteroid from the Middle Cambrian of Nevada - Bell, B. M.; Sprinkle, J. (Journal of Paleontology, 1978)
A new and unusual edrioasteroid, Totiglobus nimius n. gen., n. sp., from the Middle Cambrian Chisholm Shale, eastern Nevada, is the earliest representative of the order Edrioasterida. Totiglobus has a fully plated aboral surface which suggests this is a primitive trait within the class. It has a large basal discoidal structure which was probably used for attachment.
Keywords: paleontology

Terrestrial Mites of New York-VI. Further Notes on Tarsonemidae (Acarina) - Delfinado, M. D. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1978)
Twenty-one species of Tarsonemus known from New York are keyed. Five new species are described and illustrated: Tarsonemus acerbilis and T. edwardi found associated with eriophyid mites in galls, and T. blakemorei, T. socius and T. vulgaris taken from bird nests and stored grain. Five tarsonemid mites previously reported from nest habitat are newly recorded from stored grain; these are: T. ascitus Delfinado, T. confusus Ewing, T. granarius Lindquist, T. imitatus Delfinado and T. waitei Banks.
Keywords: biology

Terrestrial Mites of New York-VII. Key to the Species of Scutacaridae and Descriptions of New Species - Delfinado, M. D.; Baker, E. W. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1978)
Thirty-five species and three subspecies of Scutacaridae are listed from New York. An identification key to the species is given. In addition, three new species and 1 new subspecies are described and figured; these are: Imparipes cupes, Scutacarus (S.) meansi, S. (S.) unicus indefinitus, and S. (Variatipes) subaffinis. The specimens were collected from bird nests, dog food, and from a cupedid beetle. Scutacarus (S.) subellipticus Delfinado & Baker, 1976 (Dec.) is a synonym of S. (S.) curtus Delfinado, Baker & Abbatiello, 1976 (June). The following are transferred from Imparipes Berlese to Archidispus Karafiat: insulanus (Delfinado, Baker & Abbatiello), longitarsus (Delfinado, Baker & Abbatiello), similis (Delfinado, Baker & Abbatiello) and tarsalis (Delfinado, Baker & Abbatiello).
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1130.20, Greenwich Junction, Town of Salem, Washington County, New York - DeMicco, D. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1750.58, Route 910L, Village of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - C. L. Fisher (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Hudson Valley Prehistory: Current Status, Problems, and Prospects - Funk, R. E. (Neighbors and Intruders: An Ethnohistorical Exploration of the Indians of Hudson's River, 1978)
Keywords: anthropology

Post Pleistocene Adaptations - Funk, R. E. (Northeast, 1978)
Keywords: anthropology

Review of "Meadowood Phase Settlement Pattern in the Niagara Frontier Region of Western New York State" by Joseph E. Granger, Jr. - Funk, R.E. (American Anthropologist, 1978)
Keywords: anthropology

Large circles on the Earth's surface - Y. W. Isachsen (Nature, 1978)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN ACOE 1, Flood Control Project, West Canada Creek, Herkimer County, New York - Kozacek, E.; Cornell, D. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1750.86. Elimination of Grade Crossing at Saratoga Avenue, Town of Mechanicville, Saratoga County, New York - P. Lord Jr. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7272.01, Ogdensburg Arterial, Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York - P. Lord Jr. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1059.01, AH Rte 7, Town of Colonie, Albany County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Rumex maritimus L. versus R. persicarioides L. in the Western Hemisphere - R. S. Mitchell (Brittonia, 1978)
A history is presented of the use and misuse of the binomials, Rumex maritimus and R. persicarioides. In light of single-character separation of the taxa, an alternative to current taxonomic usage is proposed. This treatment recognizes one species (R. maritimus, by prior choice) with two New World varieties. One change in status is made.
Keywords: biology

Difficulties in Interpretation of Microbial Heterotrophy from Sulfate Uptake Data: Laboratory Studies - Monheimer, R. H. (Limnology and Oceanography, 1978)
Keywords: biology

Microbial Heterotrophic Production in Two Lakes of Different Productivity - Monheimer, R. H. (Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 1978)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1750.86, Elimination of Grade Crossing of Saratoga Avenue, Town of Mechanicville, Saratoga County, New York - Murphy, J. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7500.35, Arsenal Street Interchange, Route 3, City of Watertown, Jefferson County, New York - Murphy, J. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2035.02, Route 334, Bridge over Cayadutta Creek, Sammonsville, Fulton County, New York - Piro, A. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Circus Comes To Town - J. L. Scherer (Naho, 1978)
Keywords: history

Paedomorphosis in Edirioasteroid Echinoderms - Sprinkle, J.; Bell, B. M. (Paleobiology, 1978)
Three genera of the echinoderm class Edrioasteroidea comprise the suborder Cyathocystina; each is small, has five short straight ambulacra, few thecal plates, and commonly has a modified peripheral rim with tightly sutured or fused plates. The cyathocystids appear to have evolved by paedomorphosis; they have become sexually mature "adults" while retaining a morphology similar to juveniles of isorophid edrioasteroids. This mode of evolution may have been beneficial in colonizing shallow water, nearshore, current-swept environments.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2018.29, Comstock Bridge/Route 28, Schnapp Site, Comstock, New York - Tabor, S. (1978)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Respiratory Schemes in the Class Edrioasteroidea - Bell, B. M. (Journal of Paleontology, 1977)
Edrioasteroids exhibit at least three major plans of thecal construction. Each suggests a different solution to the fundamental problem of respiration faced by all thecate echinoderms. Species of the order Edrioasterida employed the hydrovascular system as their primary respiratory device, a conventional echinoderm solution. A radial canal was suspended in the thecal cavity beneath the floorplates of each ambulacrum. Alternate lateral branches extended up into the ambulacral groove through vertical passageways which lie along sutures between contiguous floorplates. These branch canals ultimately terminated in podia and when the ambulacral coverplates opened, the podia functioned both as respiratory structures and food gathering devices. Species of the suborder Lebetodiscina (order Isorophida) also used external extensions of radial canals as their primary respiratory organs. But here lateral branch canals extended directly to the exterior of the theca, not into the ambulacral grooves. Lebetodiscinid coverplates extend laterally beyond the ends of the floorplates into the thecal cavity. Coverplate passageways lie along sutures between contiguous coverplates; these passageways open directly to the exterior of the theca. Lateral branch canals extended obliquely upward along the coverplate passageways to end as external podia. Thus, podial respiration could occur with the coverplates either open or closed. Species of the suborder Isorophina (order Isorophida) used anal respiration with exchange occurring in a cloacal chamber. No suggestions of ambulacral podia are found in these forms. The anal plates form a unique, complex, valvular structure. Expansion and contraction of various parts of the theca pumped water in and out of the cloacal chamber through the anal valve.
Keywords: paleontology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2019.05, Route 5, Amsterdam Arterial, City of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - DeMicco, D. (1977)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Correlation of the Hadrynian, Cambrian and Ordovician Rocks in New York State - Fisher, D. W. (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1977)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1162.20, Route 7 from Troy to the Vermont Border, Towns of Brunswick, Pittstown, and Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York - C. L. Fisher (1977)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Adaptation, Continuity, and Change in Upper Susquehanna Prehistory - Funk, R. E.; Rippeteau, B. E. (Occasional Paper, 1977)
Keywords: anthropology

Current Perspectives in Northeastern Archeology: Essays in Honor of William A. Ritchie - Funk, R. E.; C. F. Hayes III (Researches and Transactions, 1977)
Keywords: anthropology

The Earliest Aboriginal Occupations of New York State - Funk, R. E. (Archaeology and Geochronology of the Susquehanna and Schoharie Regions: Proceedings of the Yager Conference, 1977)
Keywords: anthropology

Early Cultures in the Hudson Drainage Basin - Funk, R. E. (Amerinds and their Paleoenvironments in Northeastern North America, 1977)
Keywords: anthropology

Early to Middle Archaic Occupations in Upstate New York - Funk, R. E. (Current Perspectives in Northeastern Archeology: Essays in Honor of William A. Ritchie, 1977)
Keywords: anthropology

Geological Contexts of Archaeological Sites on the Susquehanna River Flood Plain - Funk, R. E.; Kirkland, J.; Lewis, D. M. (Guidebook, 1977)
Keywords: anthropology geology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 6096.05, SR 36, Town of South Troupsburg, Steuben County, New York - Harley, B.; Snethkamp, P.; T. L. McCabe (1977)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Preliminary Brittle Structure Map of New York - Y. W. Isachsen; McKendree, W. (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1977)
Keywords: geology

A Larval Black Fly Control Field Trial Using Mermithid Parasites and Its Cost Implications - D. P. Molloy; H. Jamnback (Mosquito News, 1977)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 6006.44, Route 417 Bridge Replacement over Tuscarora Creek, Village of Jasper, Steuben County, New York - Snethkamp, P.; McCabe, J.; Harley, B. (1977)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Terrestrial Mites of New York II. Mites in Birds' Nests (Acarina) - Baker, E. W.; Delfinado, M. D.; Abbatiello, M. J. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1976)
Keywords: biology

An Edrioasteroid from the Guilmette Formation at Wendover, Utah-Nevada - Bell, B. M.; Petersen, M. S. (Journal of Paleontology, 1976)
Keywords: paleontology

Phylogenetic Implications of Ontogenetic Development in the Class Edrioasteroidea (Echinodermata) - Bell, B. M. (Journal of Paleontology, 1976)
Keywords: paleontology

Notes on Hypopi (Acarina) Associated with Bees and Wasps (Hymenoptera) - Delfinado, M. D.; Baker, E. W. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Terrestrial Mites of New York (Acarina). IV. Cheyletidae and Cheyletiellidae - Delfinado, M. D.; Khaing-Fields , A. A. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Terrestrial Mites of New York. V- Tarsonemidae - Delfinado, M. D. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Terrestrial Mites of New York-III. The Family Scutacaridae (Acarina) - Delfinado, M. D.; Baker, E. W.; Abbatiello, M. J. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Recent Contributions to Hudson Valley Prehistory - Funk, R. E. (New York State Museum Memoir, 1976)
Keywords: anthropology

Submergence Experiments on Nine Species of Semi-Aquatic Polygonum - R. S. Mitchell (American Journal of Botany, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Dispersion of Fern Spores Into and Within A Forest - Raynor, G. S.; Ogden, E. C.; Hayes, J. V. (Rhodora, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Temporal Variability in Airborne Pollen Concentrations - Raynor, G. S.; Hayes, J. V.; Ogden, E. C. (Annals of Allergy, 1976)
Keywords: biology

Mites (Acarina) Associated with Popilius disjunctus (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae) in Eastern United States - Delfinado, M. D.; Baker, E. W. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1975)
Sixteen species of mites are reported associated with Popilius disjunctus (Illiger) (Coleoptera: Passalidae) in eastern United States. Two new species are described: Macrocheles disjunctus and M. whartoni. Changes in nomenclature are as follows: Cosmolaelaps passali Hunter and Mollin = C. trifidus (Pearse and Wharton), new synonymy and new combination; Dendrolaelaps passalorum (Pearse and Wharton), new combination. Diagnostic features, as well as distributional and biological information are given for most species.
Keywords: biology

An Evaluation from the New York State Perspective - Funk, R. E. (The Archaeology of the Tocks Island Area, 1975)
Keywords: anthropology

Underground Disposal of Liquid Waste in New York - Kreidler, W. L. (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1975)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resources Survey for PIN 9357.04, Highway Salvage Program for 1974, Miscellaneous Projects. - P. Lord Jr. (1975)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Blackfly - D. P. Molloy; H. Jamnback (The Conservationist, 1975)
Keywords: biology

Laboratory Transmission of Mermithids Parasitic in Black Flies (Simuliidae) - D. P. Molloy; H. Jamnback (Mosquito News, 1975)
Keywords: biology

Effects of Three Environmental Variables on Sulfate Uptake by Aerobic Bacteria - Monheimer, R. H. (Applied Microbiology, 1975)
The effects of various concentrations of sulfate, organic sulfur, and organic carbon on sulfate uptake by aerobic bacteria were studied using pure cultures growing in a defined medium. Cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Corynebacterium striatum took up sulfate faster when young, but sulfate uptake by Serratia marcescens was faster in older cultures. Organic sulfur was found to decrease sulfate uptake, but at concentrations somewhat higher than occurs in most natural freshwater ecosystems. Low levels of sulfate can theoretically directly limit bacterial biomass production but such limitation probably does not occur in natural systems. Evidence is presented which indirectly links the uptake of sulfate and organic carbon, adding credibility to the proposal that sulfate uptake can be used as an indicator of microbial biomass production in freshwater ecosystems.
Keywords: biology

Particulate Dispersion from Sources within a Forest - Raynor, G. S.; Hayes, J. V.; Ogden, E. C. (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1975)
Particulate dispersion from sources within a 10- to 13-m tall pine forest was studied experimentally at Brookhaven National Laboratory using stained ragweed pollen and other tracers ranging from 14 to 58 Μm in size. Forty-seven continuous point source releases lasting from 22 to 55 min were made at heights from 1.75 to 14.0 m from locations having a long fetch through the forest. In most experiments, differently colored ragweed pollen were emitted simultaneously from three locations. In other tests, several particle types were released from a single point. The sampling network consisted of 119 rotoslide samplers at heights from 0.5 to 21.0 m at 57 positions within and at the edge of the forest. Deposition to the ground was sampled by greased microscope slides at each position. Meteorological measurements were taken in and near the forest. Data were classified by particle characteristics, source height and meteorological parameters. Concentration patterns were illustrated on scale diagrams of the sampling grid. Changes in centerline and crosswind integrated concentrations, plume width and height, mass flux, deposition and deposition velocity were studied as a function of distance, particle size and wind speed. Results were compared to those obtained from similar releases over open terrain. In the forest, vertical predominates over lateral dispersion and considerable interchange occurs through the canopy. Flow is channelled somewhat by vegetation density differences but is generally in the direction of the mean wind above the forest. No systematic turning of the wind with height was observed. Most particles are lost to the foliage rather than to the ground and large particles are lost more rapidly than smaller ones. Rate of change in mass flux is similar to that over open terrain and is greater with light than with stronger wind speeds.
Keywords: biology

Spatial Variability in Airborne Pollen Concentrations - Raynor, G. S.; Ogden, E. C.; Hayes, J. V. (Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1975)
Tests were conducted to determine the relationship between airborne pollen concentrations and distance. Simultaneous samples were taken in 171 tests with sets of eight rotoslide samplers spaced from one to 486 M. apart in straight lines. Use of all possible pairs gave 28 separation distances. Tests were conducted over a 2-year period in urban and rural locations distant from major pollen sources during both tree and ragweed pollen seasons. Samples were taken at a height of 1.5 M. during 5-to 20-minute periods. Tests were grouped by pollen type, location, year, and direction of the wind relative to the line. Data were analyzed to evaluate variability without regard to sampler spacing and variability as a function of separation distance. The mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, ratio of maximum to the mean, and ratio of minimum to the mean were calculated for each test, each group of tests, and all cases. The average coefficient of variation is 0.21, the maximum over the mean, 1.39 and the minimum over the mean, 0.69. No relationship was found with experimental conditions. Samples taken at the minimum separation distance had a mean difference of 18 per cent. Differences between pairs of samples increased with distance in 10 of 13 groups. These results suggest that airborne pollens are not always well mixed in the lower atmosphere and that a sample becomes less representative with increasing distance from the sampling location.
Keywords: biology

Correlation of the Silurian and Devonian Rocks in New York State - L. V. Rickard (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1975)
Keywords: geology

The Eighth Wonder - J. L. Scherer (Naho, 1975)
Keywords: history

Greek Temples on The Towpath, A History and Guide to the Vischer Ferry Historic District - J. L. Scherer (1975)
Keywords: history

Relationship of Manganese-iron Oxides and Associated Heavy Metals to Grain Size in Stream Sediments - Westrop, P. R. (Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 1975)
The distribution of ammonium citrate-leachable lead, zinc and cadmium among size fractions in stream sediments is strongly influenced by the presence of hydrous Mn-Fe oxides in the form of coatings on sediment grains. Distribution curves showing leachable metals as a function of particle size are given for eight samples from streams in New York State. These show certain features in common; in particular two concentrations of metals, one in the finest fractions, and a second peak in the coarse sand and gravel fraction. The latter can be explained as a result of the increasing prevalence and thickness of oxide coatings with increasing particle size, with the oxides serving as collectors for the heavy metals. The distribution of Zn and Cd in most of the samples closely parallels that of Mn; the distribution of Pb is less regular and appears to be related to Fe in some samples and Mn in others. The concentration of metals in the coarse fractions due to oxide coatings, combined with the common occurrence of oxide deposition in streams of glaciated regions, raises the possibility of using coarse materials for geochemical surveys and environmental heavy-metal studies.
Keywords: geology

Use of Oxide-coated Stream Gravels in Geochemical Surveys; A Test Case - P. R. Whitney (Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 1975)
Keywords: geology

A Study of North American Edrioasteroidea - Bell, B. M. (New York State Museum Memoir, 1974)
Keywords: paleontology

Chemical Weathering of Serpentinite in the Eastern Piedmont of Maryland - Cleaves, E. T.; Fisher, D. W.; Bricker, O. P. (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1974)
Weathering processes in a small watershed (Soldiers Delight) underlain by Serpentinite in the Piedmont of Maryland were studied by means of a mass balance technique and were compared with the processes operative in a watershed uncertain by schist. The two terranes are downwasting at a rate of 2.4 m per m.y., but chemical weathering much more strongly affects the Serpentinite (2.2 m per m.y.) than the schist (1.2 m per m.y.). The serpentinite lacks a saprolite cover because resistate minerals are absent and alumina in the bedrock is scarce. In contrast, the schist contains both quartz and a source of alumina in the alumino-silicate minerals and, as a result, has a thick saprolite mantle. Relatively small amounts of secondary quartz, chalcedony, and 14Å clay minerals are synthesized in the serpentinite watershed, but relatively large amounts of gibbsite and clay minerals (kaolinite and vermiculite) are formed during the weathering of the schist. The hydrologic consequences in the serpentinite terrane compared with the schist watershed are increased flood-flow discharge, greater fluctuation in seasonal, instantaneous base-flow discharge, and pronounced seasonal fluctuations in total discharge. The serpentinite stream water averaged 205 ppm of total dissolved solids in the base flow compared to 25 ppm in the schist. Stream water from the serpentinite is of the magnesium bicarbonate type; that from the schist is sodium–calcium bicarbonate type. On the serpentinite, substantial land-surface reduction (denudation) is effected by chemical weathering; mechanical weathering is secondary. On the schist terrane, mechanical weathering is the primary agent that lowers the land surface, even though chemical weathering has reduced the rock mass ay almost one-half.
Keywords: geology

Terrestrial Mites of New York (Acarina: Prostigmata), I: Tarsocheylidae, Paratydeidae, and Pseudocheylidae - Delfinado, M. D.; Baker, E. W. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1974)
The mites here described were collected from Long Island, Lake Champlain region, and the Mohawk Valley area, New York, in June-October of 1973. The new species described are: Tarsocheylidae, Hoplocheylus similis, H. americanus; Paratydeidae, Scolotydaeus simplex; Pseudocheylidae, Anoplocheylus transiens. Twenty-six figures are presented. The genus Neotydeus Baker is synonymized with Scolotydaeus Berlese.
Keywords: biology

Memorial to Winifred Goldring; 1888-1971 - Fisher, D. W. (Memorials - Geological Society of America, 1974)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Recent Researches in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York State - Funk, R. E.; Rippeteau, B. E.; Houck, R. M. (Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 1974)
Keywords: anthropology

Review of "Archeology in the Upper Delaware Valley: A Study of the Cultural Chronology of the Tocks Island Reservoir" by H. C. Kraft, P. Marchiando, and D. J. Werner - Funk, R. E. (Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 1974)
Keywords: anthropology

ERTS 1 Imagery as a Tool in Regional Geological Studies and Teaching - Y. W. Isachsen (Empire State Geogram, 1974)
Keywords: geology

Anatomical Patterns of Some Aquatic Vascular Plants of New York - Ogden, E. C. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1974)
Keywords: biology

Manual for Sampling Airborne Pollen - Ogden, E. C.; Raynor, G. S.; Hayes, J. V.; Lewis, D. M.; J. H. Haines (Hafner Press, 1974)
Keywords: biology

Potamogeton in New York - Ogden, E. C. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1974)
Keywords: biology

Enhancement of Particle Concentrations Downwind of Vegetative Barriers - Raynor, G. S.; Ogden, E. C.; Hayes, J. V. (Agricultural Meteorology, 1974)
A series of experiments was conducted to study the effect of hedgerows on airborne pollen concentrations. Sampling of tree pollens and ragweed pollen from distant upwind sources was conducted with rotoslide samplers mounted at three heights and sixteen locations both upwind and downwind of a dense arbor-vitae hedge and a porous deciduous hedge. A pronounced concentration maximum was found in the cavity region downwind of each hedge.
Keywords: biology

Mesoscale Transport and Dispersion of Airborne Pollens - Raynor, G. S.; Hanes, J. V.; Ogden, E. C. (Journal of Applied Meteorology, 1974)
Pollen transport and dispersion from generalized area sources was studied by 29 flights to distances of 100 km and heights of 3 km using an aircraft-mounted isokinetic sampler. Tree pollens and ragweed pollen served as tracers. Four types of flights were made to study various aspects of pollen transport: 1) ascents over a fixed location to investigate vertical distribution; 2) flights over a source-free area to document change of concentration with distance, 3) east-west flights along Long Island to study the influx of pollen from the mainland with westerly winds; and 4) vertical ascents and horizontal flights during sea breeze flows to determine their effect on pollen concentrations. It was found that large quantities of pollen are transported in orderly fashion from their source regions but pollen often travels in large, discrete clouds. Pollen is transported to Long Island from the mainland in some quantity. Sea breeze flows greatly decrease low-level concentrations but pollen is carried aloft at the sea breeze front and recirculated in the return flow aloft. Vertical distribution is reasonably well related to lapse rate although secondary concentration peaks which often occur below elevated inversions cannot be explained by the data obtained.
Keywords: biology

Particulate Dispersion Into and Within a Forest - Raynor, G. S.; Hayes, J. V.; Ogden, E. C. (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1974)
Particulate dispersion into and within a 10- to 13-m tall pine forest was studied experimentally at Brookhaven National Laboratory using stained ragweed pollen and other tracers ranging from 14 to 54 Μm in diam. Seventy-two continuous point source releases lasting 20 to 40 min were made at various distances from within the forest edge to 60 m upwind and at heights of 1.75 to 14.0 m. In most experiments, differently colored ragweed pollen was released simultaneously from three locations. Thirty-six longer tests were made using pollen from area sources of ragweed and three with pollen from distant sources. All tests were made during the day with steady winds and unstable lapse rates outside the forest. The sampling network consisted of 119 rotoslide samplers mounted at heights from 0.5 to 21.0 m at 57 positions extending 100 m into the forest. Deposition was sampled by greased microscope slides at each sampling position. Meteorological measurements were taken in and near the forest. Data were classified by particle characteristics; by source type, distance and height; and by meteorological parameters. Isopleths were drawn on scale diagrams of the sampling grid to illustrate concentration patterns. Changes in centerline concentration, crosswind integrated concentration, mass flux, plume width, plume height, deposition, and deposition velocity were related to distance within the forest and other variables. Results were compared to those of similar releases over open terrain and those of previous forest dispersion studies elsewhere. The plume approaching the forest is broadened both vertically and horizontally by increased turbulence at the forest edge and flows mainly into the trunk space and above the forest. Lateral spread is slow within the forest, but vertical spreading beyond the entrance region is greater than in the open. Particles become mixed uniformly below the canopy while appreciable interchange takes place through this layer. Concentration within the forest decreases at a faster rate than in the open, but change in total mass flux within and above the forest is not significantly different. Loss of material takes place by impaction near the forest edge and in the tree tops and by deposition within the forest. Most loss takes place to the foliage rather than the ground, and larger particles are lost faster than smaller ones.
Keywords: biology

A Preliminary Cultural Framework for the Upper Susquehanna Valley - Funk, R. E.; Rippeteau, B. E.; Houck, R. M. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1973)
Keywords: anthropology

Review of "Onondaga Iroquois Prehistory" by James A. Tuck - Funk, R. E. (American Journal of Archaeology, 1973)
Keywords: anthropology

Recent Developments in Control of Blackflies - H. Jamnback (Annual Review of Entomology, 1973)
Keywords: biology

Late-glacial and Postglacial Vegetation Change in Southwestern New York State - N. G. Miller (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1973)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Dispersion of Pollens from Low-Level, Crosswind Line Sources - Raynor, G. S.; Ogden, E. C.; Hayes, J. V. (Agricultural Meteorology, 1973)
Dispersion and deposition of pollens emitted naturally from 80-m long, crosswind, line sources of living plants and of pollens sprayed from a moving vehicle were studied in a set of 45 experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Concentrations were measured by 276 wind-impaction samplers mounted in a square array which included four heights at each of 69 positions. Deposition was measured by greased microscope slides on the ground. Data are presented as functions of distance from the source, pollen type and release height for decrease in concentration, plume height, mass flux, deposition and deposition velocity. Results are compared with those from previous point and area source dispersion experiments. Values computed from a multi-point source, Gaussian-plume diffusion model gave reasonably good agreement with the experimental measurements.
Keywords: biology

Variation in Ragweed Pollen Concentration to a Height of 108 Meters - Raynor, G. S.; Ogden, E. C.; Hayes, J. V. (Journal Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1973)
Ragweed pollen concentrations were measured at 5 levels from 1.5 to 108 M. on a meteorology tower at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Samples were taken over an 11 year period using both the rotoslide and the slide-edge cylinder samplers. Vertical pollen profiles showed great variability from day to day but, when averaged over pollen seasons or longer periods, little systematic change in height was found. These results suggest that long-term patient exposure at upper levels of tall buildings would be similar to that at ground level in the absence of nearby pollen sources.
Keywords: biology

Middle Ordovician Normanskill Formation, Eastern New York, Age, Stratigraphic, and Structural Position - L. V. Rickard; Fisher, D. W. (American Journal of Science, vol.273, no.7, pp.580-590, Sep 1973, 1973)
Graptolite zonation, Normanskill considered entirely allochthonous (previously thought partly autochthonous) and older than underlying black shale and limestone, plate tectonics of New England continental margin; see also comments by Berry, William B. N., 20
Keywords: geology

Stratigraphy and Structure of the Subsurface Cambrian and Ordovician Carbonates of New York - L. V. Rickard (New York State Museum Map and Chart Series, 1973)
Keywords: geology

Aboriginal Settlement Patterns in the Northeast - Ritchie, W. A.; Funk, R. E. (New York State Museum Memoir, 1973)
Keywords: anthropology

Petroleum Exploration Offshore from New York - W. B. Rogers; R. H. Fakundiny; Kreidler, W. L. (New York State Museum and Science Service Circular, 1973)
Keywords: geology

Broadway's Happiest Time - J. L. Scherer (Naho, 1973)
Keywords: history

Origin of Coronas in Metagabbros of the Adirondack Mts., New York - P. R. Whitney; McLelland, J. M. (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1973)
Metagabbros from two widely separated areas in the Adirondacks show development of coronas. In the Southern Adirondacks, these are cored by olivine which is enclosed in a shell of orthopyroxene that is partially, or completely, rimmed by symplectites consisting of clinopyroxene and spinel. Compositions of the corona phases have been determined by electron probe and are consistent with a mechanism involving three partial reactions, thus: (a) Olivine=Orthopyroxene+(Mg, Fe)++. (b) Plagioclase+(Mg, Fe)+++Ca++=Clinopyroxene+Spinel+Na+.   (c) Plagioclase+(Mg, Fe)+++Na+=Spinel+more sodic plagioclase+Ca++.   Reaction (a) occurs in the inner shell of the corona adjacent to olivine; reaction (b) in the outer shell; and (c) in the surrounding plagioclase, giving rise to the spinel clouding which is characteristic of the plagioclase in these rocks. Alumina and silica remain relatively immobile. These reactions, when balanced, can be generalized to account for the aluminous nature of the pyroxenes and for changing plagioclase composition. Summed together, the partial reactions are equivalent to: (d) Olivine + Anorthite = Aluminous orthopyroxene + Aluminous Clinopyroxene + Spinel (Kushiro and Yoder, 1966). In the Adirondack Highlands, coronas between olivine and plagioclase commonly have an outer shell of garnet replacing the clinopyroxene/spinel shell. The origin of the garnet can also be explained in terms of three partial reactions: (e) Orthopyroxene+Ca++=Clinopyroxene+(Mg, Fe)++. (f) Clinopyroxene+Spinel+Plagioclase+(Mg, Fe)++=Garnet+Ca+++Na+.   (g) Plagioclase+(Mg, Fe)+++Na+=Spinel + more sodic plagioclase+Ca++.   These occur in the inner and outer corona shell and the surrounding plagioclase, respectively, and involve the products of reactions (a)-(d). Alumina and silica are again relatively immobile. Balanced, and generalized to account for aluminous pyroxenes and variable An content of plagioclase, they are equivalent to: (h) Orthopyroxene+Anorthite+Spinel=Garnet (Green and Ringwood, 1967). Amphibole coronas about opaque oxides in rocks of both areas are the result of oxide/plagioclase reactions with addition of magnesium from coexisting olivine. Based on published experimental data, pressure and temperature at the time of corona formation were on the order of 8 kb and 800° C for the garnet bearing coronas, with somewhat lower pressures indicated for the clinopyroxene/spinel coronas.
Keywords: geology

An Archaic Camp Site in the Upper Susquehanna Drainage - Funk, R. E.; Hoagland, H. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1972)
Keywords: anthropology

The Davenport Creamery Site, Delaware County, New York - Funk, R. E.; Hoagland, H. (Bulletin, Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 1972)
Keywords: anthropology

Early Man in the Northeast and the Late-Glacial Environment - Funk, R. E. (Man in the Northeast, 1972)
Keywords: anthropology

Two Stratified Alluvial Sites in the Upper Hudson Valley - Funk, R. E.; P. Lord Jr. (Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 1972)
Keywords: anthropology