Architectural Pre-Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 8813.74.101, Evaluation of Saw Mill River Parkway Bridge over Fortfield Avenue (BIN 5500552), City of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Architectural Pre-Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 8813.74.101, Evaluation of Saw Mill River Parkway Bridge over Palmer Road (BIN 5500541), City of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Architectural Pre-Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 8813.74.101, Evaluation of Saw Mill River Parkway Bridge over Palmer Road (BIN 5500542), City of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Architectural Pre-Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 8813.74.101, Evaluation of Saw Mill River Parkway Bridge over Fortfield Avenue (BIN 5500551), City of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, Addendum, PIN 3043.65.121 Replacement of BIN 4008540, US Route 11 over Oneida River, Towns of Cicero and Hastings, Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2806.04.122, NY Route 5, Genesee Street, Preventative Maintenance Paving and Safety Project - Sidewalk Extension, Village of Wampsville, Town of Lenox, Madison County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2CUL.TR.101, St. Anthony's Church Retaining Wall Removal, Route 28, Town of Inlet, Hamilton County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 3043.65.121 Addendum, Replacement of BIN 4008540, US Route 11 over Oneida River, Towns of Cicero and Hastings, Onondaga and Oswego Counties, New York - Architectural Survey - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Matrix-Bracketing Blanks & Peak Overlap Correction for Ti-V-Cr in Diverse Tourmalines - Singer, J. W.; M. V. Lupulescu (Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2020)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2029.67.121, New York 5S Widening and Climbing Lane, Town of Florida, Montgomery County, New York - Sobik, C. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 2806.04.122, NY Route 5, Genesee Street, Preventative Maintenance Paving and Safety Project - Sidewalk Extension, Village of Wampsville, Town of Lenox, Madison County, New York - Sobik, C. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Drivers of community turnover differ between avian hemoparasite genera along a North American latitudinal gradient - Starkloff, Naima C.; J. J. Kirchman; Jones, Andrew W.; Winger, Benjamin M.; Huang, Yen‐Hua; Pulgarín‐R, Paulo C.; Turner, Wendy C. (Ecology and Evolution, 2020)
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is an established macroecological pattern, but is poorly studied in microbial organisms, particularly parasites. In this study, we tested whether latitude, elevation, and host species predicted patterns of prevalence, alpha diversity, and community turnover of hemosporidian parasites. We expected parasite diversity to decrease with latitude, alongside the diversity of their hosts and vectors. Similarly, we expected infection prevalence to decrease with latitude as vector abundances decrease. Lastly, we expected parasite community turnover to increase with latitudinal distance and to be higher between rather than within host species. We tested these hypotheses by screening blood and tissue samples of three closely related avian species in a clade of North American songbirds (Turdidae: Catharus , n  = 466) across 17.5° of latitude. We used a nested PCR approach to identify parasites in hemosporidian genera that are transmitted by different dipteran vectors. Then, we implemented linear‐mixed effects and generalized dissimilarity models to evaluate the effects of latitude, elevation, and host species on parasite metrics. We found high diversity of hemosporidian parasites in Catharus thrushes (n  = 44 lineages) but no evidence of latitudinal gradients in alpha diversity or prevalence. Parasites in the genus Leucocytozoon were most prevalent and lineage rich in this study system; however, there was limited turnover with latitude and host species. Contrastingly, Plasmodium parasites were less prevalent and diverse than Leucocytozoon parasites, yet communities turned over at a higher rate with latitude and host species. Leucocytozoon communities were skewed by the dominance of one or two highly prevalent lineages with broad latitudinal distributions. The few studies that evaluate the hemosporidian LDG do not find consistent patterns of prevalence and diversity, which makes it challenging to predict how they will respond to global climate change.

Mid-Devonian Archaeopteris Roots Signal Revolutionary Change in Earliest Fossil Forests - Stein, William E.; Berry, Christopher M.; Morris, Jennifer L.; Hernick, Linda VanAller; Mannolini, F.; C. A. Ver Straeten; E. Landing; Marshall, John E.A.; Wellman, Charles H.; Beerling, David J.; Leake, Jonathan R. (Current Biology, 2020)
The origin of trees and forests in the Mid Devonian (393–383 Ma) was a turning point in Earth history, marking permanent changes to terrestrial ecology, geochemical cycles, atmospheric CO2 levels, and climate. However, how all these factors interrelate remains largely unknown. From a fossil soil (palaeosol) in the Catskill region near Cairo NY, USA, we report evidence of the oldest forest (mid Givetian) yet identified worldwide. Similar to the famous site at Gilboa, NY, we find treefern-like Eospermatopteris (Cladoxylopsida). However, the environment at Cairo appears to have been periodically drier. Along with a single enigmatic root system potentially belonging to a very early rhizomorphic lycopsid, we see spectacularly extensive root systems here assigned to the lignophyte group containing the genus Archaeopteris. This group appears pivotal to the subsequent evolutionary history of forests due to possession of multiple advanced features and likely relationship to subsequently dominant seed plants. Here we show that Archaeopteris had a highly advanced root system essentially comparable to modern seed plants. This suggests a unique ecological role for the group involving greatly expanded energy and resource utilization, with consequent influence on global processes much greater than expected from tree size or rooting depth alone.

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 2806.00.121, Culvert Project 19, Replacement of NYS Route 8 Culvert C260050 and Guiderail, Town of Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey, PIN 4078.16.101, NY Route 78 Slope Failure, Strykersville, Town of Java, Wyoming County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Architectural Survey Report, PIN 5058.50.101, NY Route 60 Passing Lanes, Towns of Charlotte, Stockton and Gerry, Chautauqua County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Architectural Report, PIN 2806.00.121, Culvert Project 19, Replacement of NYS Route 8 Culvert C260050 and Guiderail, Town of Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Architectural Report, PIN 4078.16.101, NY Route 78 Slope Failure, Strykersville, Town of Java, Wyoming County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Architectural Report, PIN 5058.50.101, NY Route 60 Passing Lanes, Towns of Charlotte, Stockton and Gerry, Chautauqua County, New York - T. Thomas (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2020)

Early specialized maritime and maize economies on the north coast of Peru - Tung, T. A.; Dillehay, T. D.; R. S. Feranec; DeSantis, L. R. G. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020)

Enterprising Waters: The History and Art of New York's Erie Canal - Utter, B. L.; A Hopkins-Benton; Quinn, K. E.; Grasso, T. X. (SUNY Press, 2020)

A Final Report on Human Burials Associated with the General Hospital at Fort George and the Quebec Campaign of 1775-1776: Cortland Street, Lake George - Vandrei, C. E.; L. M. Anderson; Weatherwax, J. (The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 2020)

Arc-to-craton: Devonian air-fall tephras in the eastern United States - C. A. Ver Straeten; Over, D. J.; Baird, G. C. (The Appalachian Geology of John M. Dennison: Rocks, People, and a Few Good Restaurants along the Way, 2020)
More than 100 air-fall volcanic tephra beds are currently documented from Devonian strata in the eastern United States. These beds act as key sources of various geological data. These include within-basin to basin-to-basin correlation, globally useful geochronologic age dates, and a relatively detailed, if incomplete, record of Acadian–Neoacadian silicic volcanism. The tephras occur irregularly through the vertical Devonian succession, in clusters of several beds, or scattered as a few to single beds. In this contribution, their vertical and lateral distribution and recent radiometric dates are reviewed. Current unresolved issues include correlation of the classic Eifelian-age (lower Middle Devonian) Tioga tephras and dates related to the age of the Onondaga-Marcellus contact in the Appalachian Basin. Here, we used two approaches to examine the paleovolcanic record of Acadian–Neoacadian silicic magmatism and volcanism. Reexamination of volcanic phenocryst distribution maps from the Tioga tephras indicates not one but four or more volcanic sources along the orogen, between southeastern Pennsylvania and northern North Carolina. Finally, radiometric and relative ages of the sedimentary basin tephras are compared and contrasted with current radiometric ages of igneous rocks from New England. Despite data gaps and biases in both records, their comparisons provide insights into Devonian silicic igneous activity in the eastern United States, and into various issues of recognition, deposition, and preservation of tephras in the sedimentary rock record.

Bald eagles and the Thunderbird myth: Birds in pre-contact ceremonialism on Martha's Vineyard, USA - Watson, J. E. (Quaternary International, 2020)
Ceremonialism is an integral part of human life but difficult to recover from archaeological remains. Among Native groups in Eastern North America, skins and feathers of birds were commonly used as part of ritual feast ceremonies, including those of the Thunderbird, a mythological creature associated with thunder, lightning, and the upper world. Physical evidence for the Thunderbird has been limited to ceramic, lithic, copper, and petroglyphic artifacts, but the recent discovery of a series of Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) wing bones from the Frisby Butler site may present the first faunal evidence for the myth in Native North America. Patterns of skeletal part representation within the assemblage and across the site suggest that the deposit is the remains of a ritual feast and the presence of multiple wings indicates intentional curation of eagles. If so, this is the earliest known Thunderbird association on the island of Martha's Vineyard, showing the spread of extant Algonquin cosmology to this area by at least 2,000 BP.

An Updated History of Pre-Contact New England: New AMS Dates for the Hornblower II and Frisby-Butler Archaeological Sites - Watson, J. E. (Radiocarbon, 2020)
Faunal assemblages from the pre-Contact period sites Frisby-Butler and Hornblower II on Marthaʼs Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA, remain unstudied since excavation during the 1980s. This project establishes radiocarbon (14C) dates from faunal remains and evaluates occupation and abandonment at each site. 14C measurements were collected from 17 specimens and 13 dates from previous analyses were re-examined. Dates were identified from the archaeological time periods Transitional Archaic (2700–3700 BP), Early Woodland (2000–2700 BP), and Late Woodland (450–1200 BP) at Frisby-Butler. Occupation likely represented seasonal visitations during autumn and winter to hunt based on white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) demographic profiles. A combined dataset of new and re-calibrated 14C measurements from Hornblower II date to the Late Archaic (3700–6000 BP), Early Woodland, Middle Woodland (1200–2000 BP), and Late Woodland periods. Settlement was focused on gathering warm-weather foods like demersal fish and lakebirds. Together, the sites demonstrate periodic seasonal use of the southwest coast of the island throughout the Late Holocene and fit within an established regional pattern in southern New England.

Teach NY: Exploring Haudenosaunee Influence on America's Suffrage Movement with Students - Weller, K. (New York History, 2020)

Non-Destructive Archaeological Surveys at the Douw 1 Site - S. Winchell-Sweeney; O'Connell, K.; Michael T. Lucas (The Bulletin: Journal of the New York State Archaeological Association, 2020)

Radiocarbon Dating the Iroquoian Occupation of Northern New York - Abel, T. J.; Vavrasek, J. L.; J. P. Hart (American Antiquity, 2019)
The results of Bayesian analysis using 43 new high-precision AMS radiocarbon dates on maize, faunal remains, and ceramic residues from 18 precontact Iroquoian village sites in Northern New York are presented. Once thought to span AD 1350–1500, the period of occupation suggested by the modeling is approximately AD 1450–1510. This late placement now makes clear that Iroquoians arrived in the region approximately 100 years later than previously thought. This result halves the time in which population growth and significant changes in settlement occurred. The new chronology allows us to better match these events within a broader Northeast temporal framework.
Keywords: Iroquoian archaeology; Late Woodland archaeology; Northeastern North American archaeology; radiocarbon dating

Rediscovery and Analysis of Copper Beads from Three Iroquoian Sites in Jefferson County, New York - Abel, T. J.; Bradley, J.W.; Vavrasek, J. L.; L. M. Anderson (The Bulletin and Journal of the New York State Archaeological Society, 2019)
In his Antiquities of Onondaga, Vol. 9, William Beauchamp documented four rolled copper beads from Iroquoian contexts in Jefferson County, New York. He described most of these beads as either "European" or "likely European." To date, there has been no verifiable association of European-derived artifacts from any Iroquoian component in Jefferson or St. Lawrence Counties. If these beads could be analyzed and verified, the documentation of European-derived artifacts from these two late precontact Iroquoian village sites would be a significant contribution to our study of chronology for northern New York. However, the recent rediscovery of these and other probable Iroquoian-provenienced beads in the New York State Museum collections, and their subsequent analysis, shows conclusively that they are fashioned of native copper. The analysis documents the first precontact copper artifacts from Iroquoian contexts in the region, evincing their participation in the "New Copper" trade network throughout the Great Lakes. It remains the case that there are no good associations of European artifacts with Iroquoian occupations of northern New York.

Drift Thickness of Cayuga County, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird (Map and Chart, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Dryden 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Cortland, Tioga and Tompkins Counties, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

A Review of Boron-Bearing Minerals (Excluding Tourmaline) in the Adirondack Region of New York State - Bailey, D. G.; M. V. Lupulescu; Darling, R. S.; Singer, J. W.; S. C. Chamberlain (Minerals, 2019)
Boron is a biologically important element, but its distribution in the natural environment and its behavior during many geological processes is not fully understood. In most metamorphic and igneous environments, boron is incorporated into minerals of the tourmaline supergroup. In high-grade metamorphic terranes like that of the Adirondack region of northern New York State, uncommon rock compositions combined with unusual and variable geologic conditions resulted in the formation of many additional boron-bearing minerals. This paper reviews the occurrences and geological settings of twelve relatively uncommon boron-bearing minerals in the southern Grenville Province of upstate New York and provides new chemical and Raman spectral data for seven of these minerals. The boron minerals range from relatively simple metal borates (e.g., vonsenite), to chemically complex borosilicates (e.g., prismatine), to a relatively rare borosilicate-carbonate (e.g., harkerite). Some are of primary igneous origin, while others are formed by a variety of prograde and retrograde metamorphic processes or by metasomatic/hydrothermal processes. Most of the boron minerals are formed within, or adjacent to, metasedimentary lithologies that surround the anorthositic massifs of the central Adirondacks. The metasedimentary rocks are thought to be the source of most of the boron, although additional boron isotope studies are needed to confirm this and to constrain the mechanisms of the formation of these unusual minerals.
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains; boron minerals; danburite; datolite; dumortierite; grandidierite; Grenville Province; harkerite; kornerupine; prismatine; serendibite; sinhalite; stillwellite-(Ce); vonsenite; warwickite

New insights into the evolution of lateral compound eyes in Palaeozoic horseshoe crabs - Bicknell, Russell D C; L. Amati; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2019)
Vision allows animals to interact with their environment. Aquatic chelicerates dominate the early record of lateral compound eyes among non-biomineralizing crown-group euarthropods. Although the conservative morphology of lateral eyes in Xiphosura is potentially plesiomorphic for Euarthropoda, synziphosurine eye organization has received little attention despite their early diverging phylogenetic position. Here, we re-evaluate the fossil evidence for lateral compound eyes in the synziphosurines Bunodes sp., Cyamocephalus loganensis, Legrandella lombardii, Limuloides limuloides, Pseudoniscus clarkei, Pseudoniscus falcatus and Pseudoniscus roosevelti. We compare these data with lateral eyes in the euchelicerates Houia yueya, Kasibelinurus amicorum and Lunataspis aurora. We find no convincing evidence for lateral eyes in most studied taxa, and Pseudoniscus roosevelti and Legrandella lombardii are the only synziphosurines with this feature. Our findings support two scenarios for euchelicerate lateral eye evolution. The elongate-crescentic lateral eyes of Legrandella lombardii might represent the ancestral organization, as suggested by the phylogenetic position of this taxon in stem-group Euchelicerata. Alternatively, the widespread occurrence of kidney-shaped lateral eyes in stem-group Xiphosura and stem-group Arachnida could represent the plesiomorphic condition; Legrandella lombardii eyes would therefore be derived. Both evolutionary scenarios support the interpretation that kidney-shaped lateral eyes are ancestral for crown-group Euchelicerata and morphologically conserved in extant Limulus polyphemus.
Keywords: euchelicerates; Limulus; synziphosurines; vision; Xiphosura

NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Report 13 -- Revision of Articles 25-27 of the North American Stratigraphic Code to Allow Formal Submembers - Brett, Carlton E.; Pratt, Brian R.; E. Landing (Stratigraphy, 2019)
At the 74th Annual Meeting of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 23 September, 2019, in Phoenix, Arizona, the Commission voted unanimously to accept the revision of Articles 25-27 of the North American Stratigraphic Code (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 2005), and concomitant changes to Table 2 and remarks in Articles 22, 23, and 30 printed below; specific revisions of the Code are indicated in red color. These replace all older versions of the specified Articles. An application for this revision (Brett et al. 2018) was published in Stratigraphy more than one year prior to the meeting; thus, the vote on this application for revision follows Article 21 of the Code.

A methodological approach to the genetic identification of native Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations for conservation purposes - Bruce, Spencer A.; Daniel, Peter C.; Krause, Maureen K.; Henson, Fred G.; Pershyn, Carrianne E.; J. J Wright (Global Ecology and Conservation, 2019)
As biodiversity is transformed on a global scale, identifying and protecting populations unaffected by habitat disturbances is essential to ensuring natural genetic diversity is not irretrievably lost. Furthermore, knowledge of the interactions between endemic populations and human-introduced conspecifics is imperative to the creation of management strategies that conserve and enhance population viability. In this study, these issues were examined for Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations from the Northeastern United States through the characterization of the spatial genetic structure of over 2000 wild fish, collected from 83 different sampling locations, and encompassing 18 individual watersheds. Population genetic analyses of microsatellite data at 13 loci demonstrate that, despite centuries-long stocking practices, roughly half of the populations examined exhibit genetic structure consistent with native origins. In addition, when examining the populations that revealed influence from stocked con-specifics, only a limited proportion of ancestry was attributed to stocked fish in the majority of cases. The methodological approach presented in this study for identifying native populations demonstrated strong population subdivision within and among populations, watersheds, and drainage basins. These findings are consistent with past inferences regarding native population structure of cold-water fish species and represent a detailed accounting of the remaining Brook Trout populations still intact in their native waters. Furthermore, the extent of such populations greatly exceeds what had been previously identified and prioritized as ‘heritage’ based on stocking history. The methods and data presented here may serve as an important tool to inform diversity maintenance, species recovery planning, and biodiversity conservation in this and other genetically unique and historically important native species.
Keywords: Biogeography; conservation; Conservation genetics; Introgression; Landscape heterogeneity; Native species; Salvelinus fontinalis

Sets, Graphs, and Things We Can See: A Formal Combinatorial Ontology for Empirical Intra-Site Analysis - J. S. Cardinal (Journal of Computer Applications in Archaeology, 2019)
A critical aspect of analysing an archaeological site is identifying the network of relationships between the things we find and the locations where we find them. These associations are typically determined by a combination of quantitative analyses and the professional knowledge and intuition of the archaeologist, but where exactly is the boundary between what is truly empirical field data and what is inferred through our prior knowledge and field methods? How can we best support those inferences? This paper is a critical evaluation of that boundary to firmly ground, as much as possible, a quantitative analysis on only that which we can directly observe – the thing and its location – and derive associations from that basis alone. To do so, the approach described here relies on a combination of set and graph theories rather than statistical or spatial methods. This revised ontology allows a formalization, in combinatorial terms, for describing an underlying structure to contexts and assemblages that suggests a clear association between archaeological site analysis and a well-studied class of set and graph covering problems. This, in turn, points towards potential algorithmic solutions for a more holistic parsing of the total relationships between sites, contexts, assemblages, proveniences, and artefacts.
Keywords: archaeological theory; graph theory; ontology; quantitative analysis; set theory

Mineralogy of Chub Lake-Type Hematite Deposits in St. Lawrence County, NY - Chamberlain, Steven C.; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G. (Minerals, 2019)
Numerous localities of specular hematite have been found in the Grenville Province in St. Lawrence County, New York. Here, we focus on six of them: the Dodge mine, the Chub Lake prospect, the Toothaker Creek prospect, the Bowman prospect, the Whitton prospect, and the Toothaker Pond prospect. We used literature research, interviews, and personal observations to establish the history of each site as a source of mineral specimens. We examined extensive holdings of specimens from each site in the New York State Museum. We used sight identification, chemical tests, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy as necessary to identify all the mineral species present. We had determinations made of the stable oxygen isotope content of quartz, hematite, and calcite from the Chub Lake prospect, reported as 18O relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW). We conclude that these occurrences formed from groundwaters at a temperature of about 170 °C in areas of low topography on the surface of the Precambrian basement rocks. Two hypotheses for this process are presented and evaluated. Well-crystallized specimens of bladed specular hematite and Cumberland-habit quartz are the most common minerals found. Noteworthy accessory crystallized minerals include barite, calcite, and goethite. All six deposits are relatively free of sulfides, so that secondary goethite formed from weathering of iron-rich carbonates at some sites. It is likely that more such deposits will be discovered in this region in the future.
Keywords: oxygen stable isotopes; specular hematite; St. Lawrence Co. NY

Age and Origin of Silicocarbonate Pegmatites of the Adirondack Region - Chiarenzelli, Jeffrey; M. V. Lupulescu; Robinson, George; Bailey, David; Singer, Jared (Minerals, 2019)
Silicocarbonate pegmatites from the southern Grenville Province have provided exceptionally large crystal specimens for more than a century. Their mineral parageneses include euhedral calc–silicate minerals such as amphibole, clinopyroxene, and scapolite within a calcite matrix. Crystals can reach a meter or more in long dimension. Minor and locally abundant phases reflect local bedrock compositions and include albite, apatite, perthitic microcline, phlogopite, zircon, tourmaline, titanite, danburite, uraninite, sulfides, and many other minerals. Across the Adirondack Region, individual exposures are of limited aerial extent (<10,000 m2), crosscut metasedimentary rocks, especially calc–silicate gneisses and marbles, are undeformed and are spatially and temporally associated with granitic pegmatites. Zircon U–Pb results include both Shawinigan (circa 1165 Ma) and Ottawan (circa 1050 Ma) intrusion ages, separated by the Carthage-Colton shear zone. Those of Shawinigan age (Lowlands) correspond with the timing of voluminous A-type granitic magmatism, whereas Ottawan ages (Highlands) are temporally related to orogenic collapse, voluminous leucogranite and granitic pegmatite intrusion, iron and garnet ore development, and pervasive localized hydrothermal alteration. Inherited zircon, where present, reflects the broad range of igneous and detrital ages of surrounding rocks. Carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios from calcite plot within a restricted field away from igneous carbonatite values to those of typical sedimentary carbonates and local marbles. Collectively, these exposures represent a continuum between vein-dyke and skarn occurrences involving the anatexis of metasedimentary country rocks. Those of Ottawan age can be tied to movement and fluid flow along structures accommodating orogenic collapse, particularly the Carthage-Colton shear zone.
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains; calc–silicate minerals; Carthage-Colton shear zone; exhumation; Grenville Province; Ottawan Orogeny; silicocarbonate; skarns; U–Pb zircon geochronology; vein-dykes

Rose Road Localities: Town of Pitcairn, St. Lawrence County, New York Part 2—Geology - J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. V. Lupulescu; Robinson, G. W.; Bailey, D. G.; Walter, M. R.; S. C. Chamberlain (Rocks & Minerals, 2019)
IN PART I OF THIS SERIES we gave a brief introduction to the two localities at Rose Road in the Town of Pitcairn, St. Lawrence County, New York (fig. 2), and presented their detailed history (Chamberlain et al. 2018 Chamberlain, S. C., G. W. Robinson, S. Robinson, M. R. Walter, D. G. Bailey, J. R. Chiarenzelli, and M. Lupulescu. 2018. The Rose Road localities, Town of Pitcairn, St. Lawrence County, New York: Part 1–History. Rocks & Minerals 93: 442–30.<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/servlet/linkout?suffix=CIT0004&dbid=20&doi=10.1080%2F00357529.2019.1641024&key=10.1080%2F00357529.2018.1477011&tollfreelink=125372_91122_b3fc588c30547c09bf103caba0ebff2ec824a4df39355bce396bb70e0b828b38">[Taylor & Francis Online] , <a class="google-scholar" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=2018&pages=442-30&author=S.+C.+Chamberlain&author=G.+W.+Robinson&author=S.+Robinson&author=M.+R.+Walter&author=D.+G.+Bailey&author=J.+R.+Chiarenzelli&author=M.+Lupulescu&title=The+Rose+Road+localities%2C+Town+of+Pitcairn%2C+St.+Lawrence+County%2C+New+York%3A+Part+1%E2%80%93History." target="_blank">[Google Scholar]). In Part 2 we provide information about the geology and probable geological origin of both the Wollastonite Skarn and the Purple Diopside Mound

Surficial Geology of the Witherbee 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Essex County, New York - Clift, A.; Graham, B. (Map and Chart Series, 2019)

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of the I. G. Graham Site, PIN 8216.84.121, Town of Mount Pleasant, Westchester County, New York - B. R. Dale (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

The Atomic Arrangement of Cr-rich Tourmaline from the #1 Mine, Balmat, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA - Dannenberg, Steven G.; Di Paolo, Devany; Ehlers, Alix M.; McCarthy, Kyle P.; Mancini, Mark T.; Reuter, Matthew B.; Seth, Dennis M.; Song, Zihui; Valladares, Maria I.; Zhu, Xuanfu; Hughes, John M.; M. V. Lupulescu (Minerals, 2019)
Chromium-bearing tourmalines are rare. Chromium-rich tourmaline from the northwestern part of the Adirondack Mountains in the Adirondack Lowlands is among the most chromium-rich tourmalines found to date. The mineral, with >21.0 wt. % Cr2O3, is from the marble-hosted talc–tremolite–cummingtonite schist in the #1 mine in Balmat, St. Lawrence County, New York. The atomic arrangement of the sample (a = 16.0242(3) Å, c = 7.3002(2) Å) was refined to R1 = 0.0139. The composition, from chemical analyses and optimization of the formula, is X(Ca0.22Na0.69K0.01) Y(Cr3+1.68Mg0.80Ti0.13V0.06Mn0.02Fe0.02Li0.29) Z(Al3.11Cr3+1.18Mg1.70Fe0.01) T(Si5.93Al0.07) B3O27 OH3.99 F0.01. There has been extensive debate over the ordering of Cr3+ between the tourmaline Y and Z octahedral sites. Recent work has suggested that, at low concentrations (<~1.03 apfu), the substituent Cr3+ is ordered into the Y-site, whereas, at greater concentrations, the substituent is disordered over both octahedral sites. An analysis of nine recently published, high-precision structures of chromium-bearing tourmaline, in combination with the Adirondack tourmaline, suggests that structural changes to the Y-site at low concentrations of Cr3+ induce changes in the Z-site that make it more amenable to incorporation of the Cr3+ substituents by increasing <Z–O>. The bond lengths change to lower the bond-valence sum of Cr3+ in the Z-site of the chromium-dravite, making that site more amenable to the substituent. Calculations suggest that the Z-site begins to accept substituent Cr3+ when the bond valence sum of that ion in Z reduces to a value of ~3.36 valence units.
Keywords: Balmat mine; chromium-dravite; New York; St. Lawrence County; tourmaline

Causes and Consequences of Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions as Revealed from Rancho La Brea Mammals - DeSantis, Larisa R.G.; Crites, Jonathan M.; R. S. Feranec; Fox-Dobbs, Kena; Farrell, Aisling B.; Harris, John M.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Cerling, Thure E. (Current Biology, 2019)
The fossils preserved in the Rancho La Brea “tar” seeps in southern California span the past ∼50,000 years and provide a rare opportunity to assess the ecology of predators (e.g., the American lion, sabertooth cats, cougars, dire wolves, gray wolves, and coyotes), including clarifying the causes and consequences of the terminal Pleistocene extinction event. Here, a multi-proxy approach elucidates dietary responses of carnivorans to changing climates and megafaunal extinctions. Using sample sizes that are unavailable anywhere else in the world, including hundreds of carnivoran and herbivore specimens, we clarify the paleobiology of the extinct sabertooth cats and dire wolves—overturning the idea that they heavily competed for similar prey. Canids (especially the dire wolf) consumed prey from more open environments than felids, demonstrating minimal competition for prey throughout the latest Pleistocene and largely irrespective of changing climates, including just prior to their extinction. Coyotes experienced a dramatic shift in dietary behavior toward increased carcass utilization and the consumption of forest resources (prey and/or plant resources) after the terminal Pleistocene megafaunal extinction. Extant predators’ ability to effectively hunt smaller prey and/or utilize carcasses may have been a key to their survival, especially after a significant reduction in megafaunal prey resources. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary niches of carnivorans are not always static and can instead be substantially affected by the removal of top predators and abundant prey resources.
Keywords: Canis; Carnivora; dental microwear; Diet; mammals; paleoecology; Pleistocene; Rancho La Brea; Smilodon; Stable isotopes

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2004.12.121, NYS Route 51 (Otsego Street) over Steele Creek Bridge, English Street to West Avenue and Weber Avenue, Village of Ilion, Town of German Flats, Herkimer County, New York - Dubuque, J. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

Early Fluted-biface Variation in Glaciated Northeastern North America - Ellis, Christopher J.; J. C. Lothrop (PaleoAmerica, 2019)
Most researchers argue that archaeological evidence for the Clovis technological complex, although documented across most of unglaciated North America, is absent in the glaciated Northeast, suggesting that early Paleoindian populations in the latter region were  descendent from early Native American peoples associated with Clovis technology. If so, what are the earliest fluted biface forms in glaciated northeastern North America? To refine developmental and relative chronological relationships of early Paleoindian fluted bifaces in the region, we (1) examine fluted-biface-reduction sequences at the Rogers (Ontario) and West Athens Hill (WAH) (New York) sites, and (2) compare fluted-point samples from early Paleoindian sites in the Northeast and vicinity. For Rogers and WAH, our results document variable frequencies of overshot and overface flaking during fluted-point manufacture – features linked elsewhere to Clovis biface reduction. In addition, analyses identify several early Paleoindian fluted-point samples in the Northeast that bear similarities to Clovis points but differ from, and therefore likely predate Gainey and Gainey-related early Paleoindian point forms in the glaciated Northeast.

Fish and maize: Bayesian mixing models of fourteenth- through seventeenth-century AD ancestral Wendat diets, Ontario, Canada - R. S. Feranec; J. P. Hart (Scientific Reports, 2019)
Freshwater and marine fish have been important components of human diets for millennia. The Great Lakes of North America, their tributaries and smaller regional freshwater bodies are important Native American fisheries. The ethnohistorical record, zooarchaeological remains, and isotopic values on human bone and tooth collagen indicate the importance of fish in fourteenth- through seventeenth-century ancestral Wendat diets in southern Ontario, which is bordered by three of the Great Lakes. Maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) was the primary grain of Native American agricultural systems in the centuries prior to and following sustained European presence. Here we report new Bayesian dietary mixing models using previously published δ13C and δ15N values on ancestral Wendat bone and tooth collagen and tooth enamel. The results confirm previous estimates from δ13C values that ancestral Wendat diets included high proportions of maize but indicate much higher proportions of fish than has previously been recognized. The results also suggest that terrestrial animals contributed less to ancestral Wendat diets than is typically interpreted based on zooarchaeological records.

A New AMS Radiocarbon Date for the Ivory Pond Mastodon - Fiedel, S.; R. S. Feranec; Marino, T.; Driver, D. B. (Eastern Paleontologist, 2019)
The Ivory Pond Mastodon (Mammut americanum) was found in South Egremont, Massachusetts, in 1982. A recent AMS radiocarbon assay on bone collagen yielded an age of 11,885 ± 30 rcbp (UCIAMS 193953), which currently calibrates to 13,580–13,770 cal BP. This date is statistically similar to a much more imprecise date (GX9024-G; 11,440 ± 655 rcbp; 11,500–15,290 cal BP) previously obtained from the specimen. This age is similar to those of other American Mastodon specimens; collectively, these dates imply prior expansion of boreal forest (mastodon habitat) into the region ca. 14,600 cal BP. The location of this specimen east of the Hudson River implies that Late Glacial proglacial lakes that occupied the Hudson River Valley in the past were not a hindrance to megafaunal colonization of New England. The chronology and depositional contexts of this and other mastodon specimens in the region necessitate that human predation be considered as a possible cause of the extinction of this and other megafaunal species in the northeast US.

Genetic structure and biogeographic history of the Bicknell’s Thrush/ Gray-cheeked Thrush species complex - Fitzgerald, Alyssa M; Weir, Jason; Ralston, Joel; Warkentin, Ian G; Whitaker, Darroch M; J. J. Kirchman (The Auk, 2019)
We examined species limits, admixture, and genetic structure among populations in the Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)–Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus) species complex to establish the geographic and temporal context of speciation in this group, which is a model system in ecology and a high conservation priority. We obtained mitochondrial ND2 sequences from 186 Bicknell’s Thrushes, 77 Gray-cheeked Thrushes, and 55 individuals of their closest relative, the Veery (C. fuscescens), and genotyped a subset of individuals (n = 72) at 5,633 anonymous single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci. Between-species sequence divergence was an order of magnitude greater than divergence within each species, divergence was dated to the late Pleistocene (420 kbp) based on Bayesian coalescence estimation, and a coalescent model (IMa) revealed almost no gene flow between species based on ND2. SNP data were consistent with mitochondrial results and revealed low levels of admixture among species (3 of 37 Bicknell’s Thrushes, no Gray-cheeked Thrushes, and no Veeries were >2% admixed). Species distribution models projected to the Last Glacial Maximum suggest that Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush resided in primarily allopatric refugia in the late Pleistocene, consistent with the genetic data that support reproductive isolation over an extended period of time. Our genetic data suggest that both species underwent demographic expansions, possibly as they expanded out of Pleistocene refugia into their current ranges. We conclude that Bicknell’s Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush are 2 distinct species-level lineages despite low levels of Gray-cheeked Thrush introgression in Bicknell’s Thrushes, and divergence has been maintained by a long history of allopatry in subtly different habitats. Their unique phylogeography among boreal forest birds indicates that either cryptic species breaks in eastern North America are still undiscovered, or another factor, such as divergent natural selection, high migratory connectivity, or interspecific competition, played a role in their divergence.
Keywords: Bicknell’s Thrush; Biogeography; boreal forest; Catharus; genetic structure; Gray-cheeked Thrush; phylogeography; Pleistocene; Speciation; species limits

Comment on: Álvaro, J. J., Esteve, J. & Zamora, S. 2019. Morphological assessment of the earliest paradoxidid trilobites (Cambrian Series 3) from Morocco and Spain - G. Geyer; Nowicki, Jakub; Żylińska, Anna; E. Landing (Geological Magazine, 2019)
Álvaro et al. (2018) argued that at least six species of Acadoparadoxides described from the lower–middle Cambrian boundary interval successions in the Anti-Atlas of Morocco all belong to Acadoparadoxides mureroensis (Sdzuy, 1958), which was first described from the Iberian Chains, Spain. Their study is based entirely on a morphometric analysis, which ignores the stratigraphic occurrences of particular morphotypes, deformation-related compaction of individual sclerites and their original relief, and thus underestimates some of the earlier described differences between these species. Their synonymization of a number of named Acadoparadoxides species is based on the morphometric approach that they rely on to distinguish between a number of congeneric species. A morphometric approach as applied by Álvaro et al. will lead to an apparent synonymy based on sclerites of similar taxa. Thus, morphometric study must be complemented by an analysis of which morphologically distinctive sclerites (i.e. cranidia and pygidia) are stratigraphically associated, and evaluation of which measurements are more critical to distinguishing sclerites that may represent distinct taxa, and the recognition of related character sets. Apart from demonstrating problems in the conclusion of Álvaro et al., our more inclusive approach of morphologic and stratigraphic analysis works to reassert the diagnostic characters and differences between six earlier named species of Acadoparadoxides. Our conclusions also emphasize the taxonomic problems associated with the identification and morphological variation of A. mureroensis owing to tectonic deformation of its topotype material and to questionable taxonomic assignment of Acadoparadoxides specimens from the Iberian sections.
Keywords: Anti- Atla; Biostratigraphy; Iberian Chains; morphometrics; trilobite systematics; West Gondwana

Revised Cambrian stratigraphy in the Franconian Forest (Frankenwald), Germany, reveals typical West Gondwanan succession in the Saxothuringian belt - G. Geyer; E. Landing; Höhn, S.; Linnemann, U.; Meier, S.; Servais, T.; Wotte, T.; Herbig, H. -G. (Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 2019)
New investigations of the Cambrian in the Franconian Forest region lead to a revision of the lithostratigraphic succession into seven units: Rauschbach Unit, Tiefenbach Formation, Tannenknock Formation (with Galgenberg and Wildenstein members), Triebenreuth Formation, Lippertsgrün Formation and Bergleshof Formation, with partly revised stratigraphical ranges and lithological characteristics. The succession indicates a fairly complete succession from Cambrian Series 2 (late early Cambrian) through the end of the Miaolingian, with gaps being a result of incomplete exposure and structural complexity rather than distinct hiatuses. New finds expand the known fossil record and provide additional data for reconstructing biogeographical relationships and depositional environments. These features indicate shallow marine conditions throughout the Cambrian with characteristics typical for West Gondwanan shelf areas. In particular, strong similarities to the Moroccan Atlas regions are indicated. Additional information on volcanic activity from middle Cambrian through Tremadocian times provides clues for crustal extension that affected the depositional setting in this region. Stratigraphy, depositional environments and facies distribution all suggest reinterpretation of earlier geotectonical models used to interpret the history of the Franconian Forest area in the Saxothuringian Belt.
Keywords: Cambrian; chronostratigraphy; depositional environments; lithostratigraphy; volcanism; West Gondwana

Archaeological Overview and Assessment of the Crown Point Reservation, Town of Crown Point, Essex County, New York - A. Gore; H. Clark (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

An analysis of network brokerage and geographic location in fifteenth-century AD Northern Iroquoia - J. P. Hart; S. Winchell-Sweeney; Birch, Jennifer (PLOS ONE, 2019)
Iroquoian villagers living in present-day Jefferson County, New York, at the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River and the east shore of Lake Ontario, played important roles in regional interactions during the fifteenth century AD, as brokers linking populations on the north shore of Lake Ontario with populations in eastern New York. This study employs a social network analysis and least cost path analysis to assess the degree to which geographical location may have facilitated the brokerage positions of site clusters within pan-Iroquoian social networks. The results indicate that location was a significant factor in determining brokerage. In the sixteenth century AD, when Jefferson County was abandoned, measurable increases in social distance between other Iroquoian populations obtained. These results add to our understandings of the dynamic social landscape of fifteenth and sixteenth century AD northern Iroquoia, complementing recent analyses elsewhere of the roles played in regional interaction networks by populations located along geopolitical frontiers.

The Dog That Wasn’t: An Historical Pig Burial on the Sixteenth-Century AD Klock Site, Fulton County, New York - J. P. Hart; R. S. Feranec (Archaeology of Eastern North America, 2019)
An articulated animal skeleton was found in a pit feature at the cal. sixteenth-century AD Klock site in Fulton County, New York, during New York State Museum excavations in 1970. The skeleton was reported as a dog burial associated with the Native American occupation in Funk and Kuhn’s 2003 report on the site. Recent analysis indicates that the animal was a six-month-old domesticated pig. A radiocarbon date on the skeleton indicates the animal was most likely buried in the cal. nineteenth century AD, well after the Native American occupation of the site.

Freshwater reservoir offsets on radiocarbon-dated dog bone from the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River, USA - J. P. Hart; R. S. Feranec; Abel, T. J.; Vavrasek, J. L. (PeerJ, 2019)
Isotopic analysis of dog (Canis lupus familiaris) bone recovered from archaeological sites as proxies for human bone is becoming common in North America. Chronological placement of the dogs is often determined through radiocarbon dating of dog bone. The Great Lakes, their tributaries, and nearby lakes and streams were important fisheries for Native Americans prior to and after sustained European presence in the region. Carbon entering the food web in freshwater systems is often not in full isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere, giving rise to spuriously old radiocarbon ages in fish, other aquatic organisms, and their consumers. These freshwater reservoir offsets (FROs) have been noted on human and dog bone in several areas of the world. Here we report the results of multi-tracer Bayesian dietary modeling using δ15N and δ13C values on dog bone collagen from mid-fifteenth to mid-sixteenth-century Iroquoian village sites at the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River, New York, USA. Results indicate that fish was an important component of dog diets. A comparison of radiocarbon dates on dog bone with dates on deer bone or maize from the same sites indicate FROs ranging from 97 ± 24 to 220 ± 39 14Cyr with a weighted mean of 132 ± 8 14Cyr. These results suggest that dog bone should not be used for radiocarbon dating in the absence of modeling to determine fish consumption and that previously reported radiocarbon dates on human bone from the larger region are likely to have FROs given the known importance of fish in regional human diets.
Keywords: Bayesian dietary modeling; Dogs; Freshwater reservoir offsets; radiocarbon dating; St. Lawrence River

Review of Jennifer Birch and Victor D Thompson (eds) The Archaeology of Villages in Eastern North America - J. P. Hart (North American Archaeologist, 2019)

Addendum Phase 1B Survey and Phase 2 Site Examination of the Yale Lock Factory Site, PIN 2805.95.121, New York State Route 28 Culvert Extension and Repair, Village of Newport, Herkimer County, New York - S. Higgins; Herzing, L.; A. Lynch; D. E. Merwin; Morse, S.; Van Nest, J. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

Bedrock Elevation and Drift Thickness of the Genoa, Scipio Center, Sheldrake and Union Springs 7.5 Minute Quadrangles - A. L. Kozlowski; Backhaus, K. J. (Map & Chart, 2019)

Geologic Mapping -- The Utility of County Scale and 3D Mapping - A. L. Kozlowski (Material Matters, 2019)

Subsurface Geology of the Great Gully Buried Valley System, Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Mahan, S.; Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J.; Graham, B. (Map and Chart Series, 2019)

Surficial Geology of Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart Series, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Clarksville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Albany County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Backhaus, K. J.; R. J. Dineen; Leone, J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

Proper Care and Preservation - Lander, D. R. (New York Archives Magazine, 2019)

Something’s Happening Here: A Sixties Odyssey from Brooklyn to Woodstock - Lander, D. R. (New York History, 2019)

Early Paleozoic rifting and reactivation of a passive-margin rift: Insights from detrital zircon provenance signatures of the Potsdam Group, Ottawa graben: Comment - E. Landing; Hersi, Osman Salad; L. Amati; Westrop, Stephen R.; Franzi, David A. (GSA Bulletin, 2019)
This comment outlines fundamental problems in Lowe et al.’s synthesis (2018) of the early Paleozoic stratigraphic architecture of the eastern Ottawa-Bonnechere aulacogen that preclude an accurate analysis of the region’s geological and depositional history and even an adequate stratigraphic provenance of the detrital zircons that they analyze. These problems include: inaccurate lithostratigraphic and contradictory biostratigraphic correlations that have also led to extension of the Potsdam “Group” into the Lower Ordovician; a proposed allostratigraphy that contradicts itself when tested with existing litho- and biostratigraphic data; redefinitions of earlier defined lithostratigraphic units that lead to confusion on close reading; and errors in interpreted depositional environments and lithostratigraphic contacts.

RE: Overused “greenhouse climate” paradigm: consequence for ancient climate synthesis - E. Landing; G. Geyer (Science Advances, 2019)
Hearing et al. (1) determine a precise sea-surface temperature from late in the diversification of metazoans. However, we contend their global climate synthesis reflects an unquestioning application of the “greenhouse paradigm,” a problematical paleogeographic reconstruction, and an extremely high pCO2 incompatible with marine carbonate deposition of that time.

Can metric data be an effective tool for galliform skull identification in archaeological contexts? - Ledogar, S. H.; Watson, J. E. (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019)
Galliforms, or game birds, are commonly found in zooarchaeological assemblages but several taxa within the order (e.g. chicken, pheasant and grouse) are difficult to distinguish from one another morphologically. Osteometrics is a tool for understanding skeletal variation in animal populations that has been shown to be useful in distinguishing between closely related genera in galliform post-cranial elements. In this paper, we test whether metrics are also effective in identifying galliform skulls (crania and mandibles) to the genus level. Using osteometric data collected from nine North American gallinaceous genera, we found that size was the greatest source of variation within the order. Several dimensions (greatest height, smallest breadth between orbits and length of incisivum) on the cranium were successful in distinguishing Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), while measurements on the mandible were not very effective in separating closely related taxa. The application of osteometrics to fragmentary bird skulls from an historic era site assemblage in New York was not effective in identifying birds beyond general size-classes even with the aid of morphology and comparative collections. This suggests that previous work identifying fragmentary skull remains to the species level is not accurate, and that more advanced methods need to be developed to identify morphological and metric variation between taxa in these fragmentary elements.

New AMS Dates for Verteba Cave and Stable Isotope Evidence of Human Diet in the Holocene Forest-Steppe, Ukraine - Ledogar, S. H.; Karsten, J. K.; Madden, G. D.; Schmidt, R.; Sokohatskyi, M. P.; R. S. Feranec (Radiocarbon, 2019)
Excavations at several locations in Verteba Cave have uncovered a large amount of human skeletal remains in association with faunal bones and Tripolye material culture. We aim to establish radiocarbon (14C) dates for eight sites and to evaluate whether these deposits are singular events, or slow accumulations over time. 14C measurements, along with stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from human and faunal remains, were collected from 18 specimens. Stable isotope values were used to evaluate human and animal diet, and whether freshwater reservoir effects offset measured dates. We found diets of the sampled species had limited to no influence from freshwater resources. Human diet appears to be dominated by terrestrial plants and herbivores. Four new sites were identified as Eneolithic. Comparisons of dates from top and bottom strata for two sites (7 and 20) reveal coeval dates, and we suggest that these deposits represent discrete events rather than slow continuous use. Lastly, we identified dates from the Mesolithic (8490±45 BP, 8765±30 BP), Iron Age (2505±20 BP), Slavic state era (1315±25 BP), and Medieval Period (585±15 BP), demonstrating periodic use of the cave by humans prior to and after the Eneolithic.

Surficial Geology of the Groton 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Cayuga, Cortland and Tompkins Counties, New York - Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Lake Como 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Delaware County, New York - Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Pond Eddy 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Orange and Sullivan Counties, New York - Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Port Jervis North 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Orange and Sullivan Counties, New York - Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Shohola 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Sullivan County, New York - Leone, J. (Map and Chart, 2019)

Surficial Geology of the Speedsville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Tioga and Tompkins Counties, New York - Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J.; A. L. Kozlowski (Map and Chart, 2019)

Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) Documentation of the State Route 17 Bridge over the Neversink River, Town of Thompson, Sullivan County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

Foreword - J. C. Lothrop (Early Paleoindian Occupation in the Rice Lake, Otonabee River, and South Kawartha Lakes Watersheds, South-Central Ontario – Research Since 1976, 2019)

Charles Town: The Anatomy of a Public Place in Early Tidewater Maryland - Michael T. Lucas (The Archaeology of Colonial Maryland: Five Essays by Scholars of the Early Province, 2019)

One Family's Struggle to Maintain its Priveleged Heritage at Van Schaick Island, Cohoes, New York: 1760-1852 - Michael T. Lucas; O'Connell, K.; S. Winchell-Sweeney (The Bulletin and Journal of the New York State Archaeological Society, 2019)
Van Schaick Mansion, located on Van Schaick Island in Cohoes, New York, was constructed sometime during the 1750s and was the homestead of the Van Schaick family until the 1830s. The Van Schaickfamily tenure on the island between 1760 and 1852 is interpreted as a series of crises that interrupted periods of relative stability. During this time the family enjoyed the privileged life of landlords drawing off rents from the large Half Moon patent taken from the Mahican/Mohican Indians in 1664, as well as other acquired properties. Several deaths between 1815 and 1830, and the Van Schaick hold on the island as a central home place, began to crumble as the fifth generation cashed out on the island homestead. Enslaved Africans served the Van Schaick, tending to the maintenance of the house, garden, and grounds. There were no people of color living on the island by 1830 as the labor force was shifted to white wage laborers. Primary historical documentation, coupled with archaeological data recovered by the New York State Museum in 2017 and 2018, illustrates the Van Schaick family's conception of the island as a home place and base for their privileged position, and also how the lives of the African-Americans who lived in the house are entirely muted in this primary record.

Radiocarbon, Bayesian chronological modeling and early European metal circulation in the sixteenth-century AD Mohawk River Valley, USA - Manning, S. W.; J. P. Hart (PLOS ONE, 2019)
European metal artifacts in assemblages from sites predating the physical presence of Europeans in Northern Iroquoia in present-day New York, USA and southern Ontario, Canada have been used as chronological markers for the mid-sixteenth century AD. In the Mohawk River Valley of New York, European metal artifacts at sites pre-dating the physical presence of Europeans have been used by archaeologists as a terminus post quem (TPQ) of 1525 to 1550 in regional chronologies. This has been done under the assumption that these metals did not begin to circulate until after sustained European presence on the northern Atlantic coast beginning in 1517. Here we use Bayesian chronological modeling of a large set of radiocarbon dates to refine our understanding of early European metal circulation in the Mohawk River Valley. Our results indicate that European iron and cuprous metals arrived earlier than previously thought, by the beginning of the sixteenth century, and cannot be used as TPQs. Together with recent Bayesian chronological analyses of radiocarbon dates from several sites in southern Ontario, these results add to our evolving understanding of intra-regional variation in Northern Iroquoia of sixteenth-century AD circulation and adoption of European goods.

Researching African American Lifeways in Nineteenth Century Albany: Findings of the Underground Railroad Archaeology Project 2017-2018 - Masson, M; Michael T. Lucas (Campus Conversations in Standish, 2019)
Dr. Marilyn Masson, Professor of Anthropology at the University at Albany, and Dr. Michael Lucas, Curator for Historical Archaeology at the New York State Museum, joined the University Libraries on Wednesday, March 13, 2019, to present "Researching African American Lifeways in Nineteenth Century Albany: Findings of the Underground Railroad Archaeology Project 2017-2018.”

First record of the extinct ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii, (Xenarthra, Megalonychidae) from New York and contributions to its paleoecology - McDonald, H. G.; R. S. Feranec; Miller, N. (Quaternary International, 2019)
The first record of the Jefferson ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii, in New York is reported. The specimen consists of a partial synsacrum recovered from a peat deposit near Newburgh, Orange County. Compared to other synsacra of Megalonyx, the number of vertebrae is anomalous with one less caudal vertebra than expected. Stable isotope analysis of the bone shows a δ13C value of 20.5‰ and implies a diet of only C3 plants. The specimen has a radiocarbon date of 11,450 ± 55 BP indicating the presence of this taxon in the region immediately prior to the extinction of the North American Pleistocene megafauna.
Keywords: Megalonyx jeffersonii; New York; Stable isotopes; Synsacrum

Maritime Cultural Landscapes in the New York Bight - D. E. Merwin (The Archaeology of Human-Environmental Dynamics on the North American Atlantic Coast, 2019)

Cultural Resource Phase II Site Examination Report of the Coeymans-Bronck House Multicomponent Site (A00103.000344; NYSM 12685) for PIN 1007.16.101, BIN 1038070, New York State Route 144 over Hannacrois Creek, Town of Coeymans (MCD 00103), Albany County - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships - Presslee, Samantha; Slater, Graham J.; Pujos, François; Forasiepi, Analía M.; Fischer, Roman; Molloy, Kelly; Mackie, Meaghan; Olsen, Jesper V.; Kramarz, Alejandro; Taglioretti, Matías; Scaglia, Fernando; Lezcano, Maximiliano; et al. (Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2019)
The living tree sloths Choloepus and Bradypus are the only remaining members of Folivora, a major xenarthran radiation that occupied a wide range of habitats in many parts of the western hemisphere during the Cenozoic, including both continents and the West Indies. Ancient DNA evidence has played only a minor role in folivoran systematics, as most sloths lived in places not conducive to genomic preservation. Here we utilize collagen sequence information, both separately and in combination with published mitochondrial DNA evidence, to assess the relationships of tree sloths and their extinct relatives. Results from phylogenetic analysis of these datasets differ substantially from morphology-based concepts: Choloepus groups with Mylodontidae, not Megalonychidae; Bradypus and Megalonyx pair together as megatherioids, while monophyletic Antillean sloths may be sister to all other folivorans. Divergence estimates are consistent with fossil evidence for mid-Cenozoic presence of sloths in the West Indies and an early Miocene radiation in South America.

Migratory birds as vehicles for parasite dispersal? Infection by avian haemosporidians over the year and throughout the range of a long-distance migrant - Pulgarín-R, Paulo C.; Gómez, Camila; Bayly, Nicholas J.; Bensch, Staffan; FitzGerald, Alyssa M.; Starkloff, Naima; J. J. Kirchman; González-Prieto, Ana M.; Hobson, Keith A.; Ungvari-Martin, Judith; Skeen, Heather; Castaño, María Isabel; et al. (Journal of Biogeography, 2019)
Aim The role of migratory birds in the spread of parasites is poorly known, in part because migratory strategies and behaviours potentially affecting transmission are not easy to study. We investigated the dynamics of infection by blood parasites through the annual cycle of a long‐distance Nearctic–Neotropical migratory songbird to examine the role of this species in dispersing parasites between continents. Location The Americas. Taxon Grey‐cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus, Aves, Passeriformes, Turdidae), Birds. Methods We used molecular and microscopy screening of haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon) to examine the prevalence, distribution, and diversity of lineages through the annual cycle (breeding, migration, and wintering) of the grey‐cheeked thrush in North and Central America, Santa Marta mountains, the Andes, and the Amazon. We aimed to identify transmission areas, to examine the degree of sharing of haemosporidian lineages with resident birds in various areas and to assess the potential role of immunologically naïve juvenile individuals in parasite transmission. Results Prevalence and lineage diversity of haemosporidians varied significantly over time, being higher during breeding and fall and spring migration, and declining during wintering. Grey‐cheeked thrush shared few parasite lineages with tropical resident birds and slightly more lineages with other migratory and resident boreal species. We detected gametocytes in blood during spring migration stopover, but these were of lineages not found in resident tropical birds, indicating relapses of parasites transmitted elsewhere. Transmission likely occurs mostly on the breeding grounds, where juveniles and adults carried lineages restricted to closely related species of thrushes and other species of boreal birds. Main conclusions Long‐distance migratory songbirds are likely not important dispersers of blood parasites because there are ecological and evolutionary barriers to the interchange of parasites across vastly separated areas. Further work with thorough spatial and temporal sampling across other species, and considering the role of vectors, is necessary to understand the ecological and evolutionary factors explaining the distribution of parasites over broad scales.
Keywords: Grey‐cheeked thrush; Haemoproteus; Leucocytozoon; Migration; Plasmodium; stopover

Length polymorphisms at two candidate genes explain variation of migratory behaviors in blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata) - Ralston, Joel; Lorenc, Lydia; Montes, Melissa; DeLuca, William V.; J. J. Kirchman; Woodworth, Bradley K.; Mackenzie, Stuart A.; Newman, Amy; Cooke, Hilary A.; Freeman, Nikole E.; Sutton, Alex O.; Tauzer, Lila; et al. (Ecology and Evolution, 2019)
Migratory behaviors such as the timing and duration of migration are genetically inherited and can be under strong natural selection, yet we still know very little about the specific genes or molecular pathways that control these behaviors. Studies in candidate genes Clock and Adcyap1 have revealed that both of these loci can be significantly correlated with migratory behaviors in birds, though observed relationships appear to vary across species. We investigated geographic genetic structure of Clock and Adcyap1 in four populations of blackpoll warblers (Setophaga striata), a Neotropical–Nearctic migrant that exhibits geographic variation in migratory timing and duration across its boreal breeding distribution. Further, we used data on migratory timing and duration, obtained from light‐level geolocator trackers to investigate candidate genotype–phenotype relationships at the individual level. While we found no geographic structure in either candidate gene, we did find evidence that candidate gene lengths are correlated with five of the six migratory traits. Maximum Clock allele length was significantly and negatively associated with spring arrival date. Minimum Adcyap1 allele length was significantly and negatively associated with spring departure date and positively associated with fall arrival date at the wintering grounds. Additionally, we found a significant interaction between Clock and Adcyap1 allele lengths on both spring and fall migratory duration. Adcyap1 heterozygotes also had significantly shorter migration duration in both spring and fall compared to homozygotes. Our results support the growing body of evidence that Clock and Adcyap1 allele lengths are correlated with migratory behaviors in birds.
Keywords: Adcyap1; avian migration; Clock; phenology; pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide

Observations of habitat associations in boreal forest birds and the geographic variation in bird community composition - Ralston, J.; FitzGerald, Alyssa M.; Scanga, S. E.; J. J. Kirchman (The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 2019)
Differences in habitat associations or responses to environmental stressors among broadly co-distributed species can result in local variation in community composition. As a result, ongoing environmental change may drive shifts in community composition, especially at range peripheries. In the present study, we describe regional variation in avian community composition at the southern extent of the boreal zone. Boreal bird communities are disproportionally influenced by ongoing climate change and contain several declining species. Here we observe the habitat associations for 13 boreal bird species, and assess the link between species' habitat associations and community composition. We conducted standardized point counts at 20 boreal forest sites in northeastern United States and Canada, and quantified the vegetation structure and composition as well as the climate at each site. We found large variation in the habitat associations among co-distributed boreal birds, both in terms of the specific variables important for each species and in the breadth of habitat types occupied. These findings suggest that species within this community will vary in their responses to environmental change, potentially resulting in changes to the boreal avian community.
Keywords: community structure; habitat ordination; range limits; range periphery; spruce-fir forest birds

Age and Origin of Monazite Symplectite in an Iron Oxide-Apatite Deposit in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, USA: Implications for Tracking Fluid Conditions - Regan, Sean; M. V. Lupulescu; Jercinovic, Michael; Chiarenzelli, Jeffrey; Williams, Michael; Singer, Jared; Bailey, David (Minerals, 2019)
Monazite crystals, intergrown with allanite, fluorapatite, and quartz from the Cheever Mine iron oxide-apatite (IOA-type) deposit in Essex County, New York, USA, display rare symplectite textures. Electron probe wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS) mapping and major and trace element characterization of these features reveal a natural experiment in fluid-mediated monazite recrystallization. Two types of monazite with symplectite intergrowths have been recognized (Type I and II). Both types of symplectite development are associated with a decrease in HREE, Si, Ca, Th, and Y, but an increase in both La and Ce in monazite. Electron microprobe Th-U-total Pb analysis of Type I monazite with suitable ThO2 concentrations yielded a weighted mean age of 980 5.8 Ma (MSWD: 3.3), which is interpreted as the age of monazite formation and the onset of symplectite development. Both types of monazite formed during a series of reactions from fluorapatite, and possibly britholite, to produce the final assemblage of monazite, allanite, and fluorapatite. Monazite formation was likely a response to evolving fluid conditions, which favored monazite stability over fluorapatite at ca. 980 Ma, possibly a NaCl brine. A subsequent transition to a Ca-dominated fluid may have then promoted the consumption of monazite to produce another generation of allanite and fluorapatite. Our results indicate that recrystallized monazite formed during fluid-mediated processes that, over time, trended towards an increasingly pure end-member composition. Regionally, these data are consistent with a magmatic-origin followed by fluid-mediated remobilization of select phases at subsolidus conditions for the Adirondack IOA deposits.
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains; IOA-deposit; metasomatism; monazite

An Analysis of the Late Woodland Ceramic Assemblage at the Pethick Site, New York - C. B. Rieth; Rafferty, S. M. (Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology, 2019)
The pottery assemblage from recent excavations at the Pethick site in Schoharie County, New York contains 39 vessels. These were analyzed to determine various attributes associated with the sherds and how the vessels were used in a domestic setting. The materials from the Pethick site suggest that most of these vessels exhibit similar attributes and designs. An analysis of the temper and inclusions suggests that some of the vessels may have been produced elsewhere. Comparisons with other sites in the Schoharie Valley are assessed and provide an interesting look at ceramics in eastern New York.

Review of “Who Are These People Anyway?” by Chief Irving Powless Jr. - Gwendolyn W Saul (New York History, 2019)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey of PIN 2004.12.121, BIN 1026490, New York State Route 51 (Otsego Street) over Steele Creek, Village of Ilion, Herkimer County New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2019)

Shallow-water onlap model for the deposition of Devonian black shales in New York, USA: COMMENT - C. A. Ver Straeten; Brett, Carlton; Baird, Gordon; Boyer, Diana; Lindemann, Richard; Ivany, Linda; Over, D. Jeffrey; Witzke, Brian (Geology, 2019)

A reevaluation of bird taxonomic identifications at Contact‐ and historic‐era North American sites - Watson, J. E.; Ledogar, Sarah Heins (International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2019)
Domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are identified more frequently than other bird species in bone assemblages from historic sites in North America. Recent studies on the effectiveness of metric data for identification of galliform bones found high degrees of similarity in size and morphology between wild game birds (e.g., grouse and ptarmigan) and multiple domestic or introduced species (e.g., chicken and pheasant). This finding suggests that wild taxa and less common domesticates may have been misidentified as chicken and as a result are underrepresented in these historic datasets. In this paper, we evaluate the precision of bird taxonomic identifications from five Contact‐ and historic‐era sites in New York State, comparing the initial taxon designations recorded in site reports with our new identifications derived from a combination of comparative morphological and osteometric analyses. After our analysis of the assemblages, game bird diversity at most of the sites expanded, as did the prevalence of other orders (e.g., Anseriformes and Strigiformes). The updated identifications highlight the diversity of birds used in historic contexts and the importance of combining multiple analytical methods to increase accuracy.

Testing the effectiveness of osteometrics in the identification of North American gallinaceous bird post-cranial elements - Watson, J. E.; Heins-Ledogar, S. (Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2019)
Galliformes, or game birds, are an order of birds commonly utilized by people and are regularly found in zooarchaeological assemblages. Morphological and size similarities make many galliforms difficult to distinguish from each other, thereby prohibiting specific identification of these taxa. Non-identified bones lead to a decrease in information available about archeological sites, particularly for bird species which provide a wealth of information about the economy and environment of historic and prehistoric sites. In this paper, we test the effectiveness of osteometrics in nine North American gallinaceous species to assess their utility for identifying post-cranial skeletal elements to genus or species. Statistical analysis of measurements successfully separated several Phasianidae subfamilies and identified the largest (turkey) and smallest (quail) species. Measurements driving variation between taxa were primarily long bone length and epiphyseal breadth. Few elements showed statistically significant differences within Tetraoninae and Phasianinae clades. We suggest that zooarchaeologists adopt long bone metrics as a standard, complementary technique to traditional morphological identifications for unknown galliforms.
Keywords: Avifauna; Galliformes; Osteometry; Phasianids; Zooarchaeology

First Report of Rice Water Weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, in Grain Sorghum in the United States - R. J. Whitehouse; Thrash, Benjamin C.; Lorenz, Gus M.; Bateman, Nick R. (Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 2019)
Keywords: Brachycerinae; Coleoptera; Curculionidae; grass; Poaceae

Surficial Geology of the Ludlowville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Cayuga, Seneca and Tompkins Counties, New York - Backhaus, K. J.; A. L. Kozlowski; Leone, J. (Map and Chart Series, 2018)

Social Networks and Northern Iroquoian Confederacy Dynamics - Birch, Jennifer; J. P. Hart (American Antiquity, 2018)
The Wendat (Huron) and Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacies of northeastern North America are often presented as functionally equivalent political formations despite their having distinct cultural traits and unique geopolitical and developmental histories. In this article we employ social network analysis of collar decoration on ceramic vessels both to examine organizational differences in the social network that composed each group and to evaluate women’s participation in political activities as potters who produced and transmitted social and political signals. The concept of social capital and the dimensions along which it varies are employed to understand variability in network statistics and topologies. Our results indicate that the Wendat confederacy formed a “complete” network characterized by bonding ties of social capital, whereas the Haudenosaunee confederacy was a “coalitional” network characterized by bridging ties. The results suggest that women’s signaling networks were integral to how each confederacy functioned and the norms of reciprocity, trust, and information-sharing that defined each political formation.
Keywords: confederacy; Haudenosaunee; Iroquoians; pottery decoration; social capital; Social network analysis; Wendat

Glaciotectonic deformation along the Valparaiso Upland in southwest Michigan - B. Bird; A. E. Kehew; A. L. Kozlowski (Quaternary Glaciation of the Great Lakes Region: Process, Landforms, Sediments, and Chronology, 2018)
Glaciotectonic deformation of glacigenic deposits in southwestern Michigan is described and analyzed to determine the source of stress of these strained sediments, which manifests as overturned folds and other deformation similar to shallow crustal décollements. The succession is exposed in 11 aggregate mining operations along the Valparaiso Upland, in portions of Berrien, Van Buren, and Allegan Counties in southwest Michigan. Observed deformation includes a complex array of folds, faults, and thrust features as much as 5 m below the surface exposure of the pit face, consistent with horizontal compressional stresses that were generally aligned with ice flow. Fabric measurement of elongated clasts in the surficial till indicates ice flow from northwest to southeast across the area and parallel to drumlins in the area. Stratigraphically, the area is dominated by fine, lacustrine deposits with coarse sand and gravel capped by the Saugatuck Till during the last glaciation. Sediment grain size, pore-water pressure fluctuations, and topographic relief are interpreted to be responsible for the deformation observed as the Lake Michigan Lobe overrode a proglacial lake basin, including fans and deltas, as it advanced eastward to the Kalamazoo moraine. The fine texture and fabric of the lacustrine sediment package restricted the flow of subglacial water and caused abrupt local increases of pore-water pressure and concomitant coupling and decoupling of the bed-substrate interface. Advancing ice deformed sediments in two stages: (1) proglacially along a décollement at the ice margin, and then (2) subglacially as ice overrode the sediments.

NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE Note 68 - Application for Addition of Submembers to the North American Stratigraphic Code: A Case for Formalizing Lithostratigraphic units of Intermediate Rank - Brett, Carlton E.; Pratt, Brian R.; E. Landing (Stratigraphy, 2018)
The existing hierarchy of formal lithostratigraphic units of the North American Stratigraphic Code (NACSN 2005) recognizes “Bed” or “Beds” (Flow in the case of volcanic rocks) as the only formal subdivision of members. Beds, in a geological context, are discrete depositional/accumulation units bounded by bedding planes and the formal term Bed should not be applied to thicker subdivisions of members composed of several discrete and distinguishable beds, especially of differing lithology. In such cases, thicker divisions of members that may contain one or more formally named Beds, would be usefully assigned to the division termed “Submember”. In this paper we review the issue, discuss the justification of formalizing submembers, and propose a formal amendment to the North American Stratigraphic Code. There are several advantages to formalizing this additional division. First, submembers are already being used informally in many units. Formalization of the concept would require that these divisions meet the same standards as other stratigraphic units, e.g., designated type sections and careful specification of boundaries. Second, the formal use of Submembers would avoid the confusing issue of having a formally named “Bed” within an interval termed “Beds”. Third, the addition of an intermediate rank permits accurate communication and precise correlation of complex sedimentary successions. The insertion of the rank of submember would allow retention of existing formal members and beds, rather than promoting the addition of new members to replace overly thick intervals formally named beds

Confirmation of a unique and genetically diverse ‘heritage’ strain of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a remote Adirondack watershed - Bruce, Spencer A.; Hare, Matthew P.; Mitchell, Matthew W.; J. J Wright (Conservation Genetics, 2018)
In fisheries management, understanding anthropogenic impacts on fish population genetic structure is essential because genetic diversity is a fundamental attribute contributing to a species’ evolutionary capacity. An extended history of supplemental stocking has led to the introgression of genes from non-local, hatchery-reared brook trout (Salvalinus fontinalis) into natural Adirondack populations in the state of New York. Managers have therefore gone to great lengths to protect known or suspected pristine “heritage” populations, but the genetic integrity of most populations is unknown. We used 11 microsatellite loci to examine a putative, but as yet unconfirmed “heritage” population in Dix Pond (Essex County, New York), in an effort to confirm its genetic uniqueness, quantify genetic diversity, and determine the geographic extent of the population. No spatial population structure was found within the Dix Pond/Elk Lake watershed, with minimal signs of introgression from historical stocking. The Dix/Elk population showed allelic richness, and effective population size comparable to the highest diversity heritage population among the four that we used for comparison. These patterns support continued heritage status for the Dix Pond population and recognition of the entire Dix-Elk watershed as habitat for this strain. We conclude this study by discussing how the genetic techniques employed here may help to inform future management decisions associated with the conservation and protection of imperiled populations throughout the globe.
Keywords: conservation; Dispersal; Fisheries; Genetic diversity; Landscape genetics; Salvelinus fontinalis

Estimates of gene flow and dispersal in wild riverine Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations reveal ongoing migration and introgression from stocked fish - Bruce, Spencer A.; J. J Wright (Ecology and Evolution, 2018)
As anthropogenic impacts accelerate changes to landscapes across the globe, understanding how genetic population structure is influenced by habitat features and dispersal is key to preserving evolutionary potential at the species level. Furthermore, knowledge of these interactions is essential to identifying potential constraints on local adaptation and for the development of effective management strategies. We examined these issues in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations residing in the Upper Hudson River watershed of New York State by investigating the spatial genetic structure of over 350 fish collected from 14 different sampling locations encompassing three river systems. Population genetic analyses of microsatellite data suggest that fish in the area exhibit varying degrees of introgression from nearby State‐directed supplementation activities. Levels of introgression in these populations correlate with water‐way distance to stocking sites, although genetic population structure at the level of individual tributaries as well as their larger, parent river systems is also detectable and is dictated by migration and influenced by habitat connectivity. These findings represent a significant contribution to the current literature surrounding Brook Trout migration and dispersal, especially as it relates to larger interconnected systems. This work also suggests that stocking activities may have far‐reaching consequences that are not directly limited to the immediate area where stocking occurs. The framework and data presented here may aid in the development of other local aquatic species‐focused conservation plans that incorporate molecular tools to answer complex questions regarding diversity mapping, and genetically important conservation units.

Collector’s Guide to the Balmat Mining District: St. Lawrence County, New York - S. C. Chamberlain; M. V. Lupulescu; Bailey, D. G.; deLorraine, W. F.; Robinson, G. W. (Schiffer Publishing, Ltd., 2018)

The Rose Road Localities, Town of Pitcairn, St. Lawrence County, New York: Part 1—History - Chamberlain, Steven C.; Robinson, George W.; Robinson, Susan; Walter, Michael R.; Bailey, David G.; Chiarenzelli, Jeffrey R.; M. V. Lupulescu (Rocks & Minerals, 2018)

Age and Origin of the Mesoproterozoic Iron Oxide-Apatite Mineralization, Cheever Mine, Eastern Adirondacks, NY - Chiarenzelli, Jeffrey; M. V. Lupulescu; Regan, Sean; Singer, Jared (Geosciences, 2018)
At the Cheever Mine, located in the eastern Adirondack Mountains of the Mesoproterozoic Grenville Province, iron oxide-apatite ore forms a narrow (<3 m) sheet cross-cutting metasomatically altered, magnetite-bearing, albite-rich leucogranitic host rocks of the Lyon Mountain Granite suite. Zircon from the ore and five samples of country rock were dated by Laser Ablation-Multi-Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. The ore yielded a Concordia age of 1033.6 ± 2.9 Ma while three samples of host rock yielded ages of 1036.3 ± 2.9, 1040 ± 11, and 1043.9 ± 4.1 Ma. Two additional samples of host rock yielded older ages of 1059.6 ± 3.4 and 1066.0 ± 6.3 Ma and contain zircon xenocrystic cores with 207Pb/206Pb ages up to 1242 Ma. The zircons analyzed, including those separated from the ore, have characteristics typically associated with an igneous origin including size, shape, inclusions, oscillatory zoning, typical chondrite-normalized REE patterns, U contents, and U/Th ratios. This data establishes the age of the ore and alteration and a temporal, and likely genetic, connection between the ore and members of the Lyon Mountain Granite suite. A model invoking melting of Shawinigan country rocks, magmatic differentiation, and long-lived magmatic and metasomatic input along extensional fault conduits is proposed for the ore’s genesis. At the Cheever Mine, magmatic hydrothermal fluids and/or post-intrusion alteration appears not to have had a major impact on zircon, which preserves original U-Pb systematics.
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains; Cheever Mine; Grenville Province; iron oxide-apatite deposits (IOA deposits); Lyon Mountain Granite; U-Pb zircon geochronology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey, PIN 3076.21.121, Route 5 Safety Project and Widening, Village of Elbridge, Town of Elbridge, Onondaga County, New York – Addendum Survey of Elbridge Rural Cemetery - R. Dean; Dobbin, S.; Clarke, H. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Analyse des réseaux sociaux iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent et paniroquoiens - Dermarker, S.; Birch, Jennifer; Shafie, Termeh; J. P. Hart; Williamson, R. F. (Études multidisciplinaires sur les liens entre Hurons-Wendat et Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of OGS Project Number SC307, Investigate Properties for Barrack Program, Town of Hastings, Oswego County, New York - Dobbin, M. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey, DEC Doodletown Wildlife Management Area, Archaeology Survey, Town of Taghkanic, Columbia County, New York - Dobbin, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Onset Age of Deglaciation Following the Last Glacial Maximum in New York State Based on Radiocarbon Ages of Mammalian Megafauna - R. S. Feranec; A. L. Kozlowski (Quaternary Glaciation of the Great Lakes Region: Process, Landforms, Sediments, and Chronology, 2018)
Developing accurate chronologies is important for understanding the formation and evolution of glacial environments in the Quaternary. Radiocarbon dating is a prominent technique for creating chronologies for glacial events during the late Pleistocene, and although radiocarbon dates from vertebrate fossils are relatively abundant, these dates have been underutilized for timing glacial events. Here, the utility of using radiocarbon dates from large mammal fossils for dating glacial events is explored further. Specifically, this study examines the potential of exclusive use of dated mammal remains to establish a chronology of deglaciation in New York State after the Last Glacial Maximum. We predict the earliest occurrence dates of megafauna to represent a minimum age for the initiation of deglaciation because glacial ice would have needed to have melted for plants and animals to begin to inhabit the state. We also predict dates to progress to more recent ages from south to north following recession of the Laurentide ice sheet. The data support these predictions. The earliest occurrence dates for mammoth and caribou, the suspected first large mammal species to occur within the state, are between 17,470 and 16,430 calibrated yr B.P. These dates imply first occurrence of large mammals in New York State and thus a minimum age of deglaciation beginning ca. 17,000 calibrated yr B.P. Because of the likely delay between the timing of deglaciation and the first mammal inhabitants of the state, this date must be viewed as a minimum age, with deglaciation having occurred sometime prior to this age. Comparing south to north, as an indicator of glacial regression, dates from New York State south of 42°N latitude are earlier compared to dates collected north of this latitude. This progression of dates from south to north supports the prediction that megafauna expanded northward following recession of the Laurentide ice sheet, and it implies that radiocarbon-dated mammalian megafauna data are useful, even exclusively, in identifying the timing of certain glacial events.

Testing the predictive capabilities of ecological niche models: a case study examining Red‐bellied Woodpeckers - FitzGerald, Alyssa M.; Starkloff, Naima C.; J. J. Kirchman (Ecosphere, 2018)
As humans continue to alter natural habitats indirectly and directly, species’ geographic ranges may change as they track shifting climate regimes or changing landscapes. Ecological niche models (ENMs) are frequently used to show modern ranges and forecast future range changes. These models, however, assume that a species will exhibit niche conservatism, though this is rarely tested. Here, we examine a woodpecker species with a well‐documented recent range expansion to assess the effectiveness of predictive models by comparing the pre‐ and post‐expansion climate/habitat niche using ENMs and multivariate principal components analysis. Occurrence data for the Red‐bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) were obtained from the pre‐expansion (1910–1939; n = 299) and post‐expansion (1980–2009; n = 868) time periods. Ecological niche models were constructed using GIS layers describing climate data and crop cover for the pre‐ and post‐expansion time periods. We then used the pre‐expansion ENM to forecast the distribution of Red‐bellied Woodpeckers into the post‐expansion time period, and vice versa, and calculated the niche overlap of the projected distributions and the actual distributions in those time periods to determine whether pre‐ and post‐expansion niches were similar. Predictive ENMs did not closely match the actual distributions in the pre‐ and post‐expansion time periods, respectively, and the pre‐expansion and post‐expansion niches were significantly different from each other (Schoener's D = 0.745, P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that the present‐day niche encompasses the past niche and that Red‐bellied Woodpeckers today have broader temperature and precipitation tolerances and are found in both more‐ and less‐forested areas than they were in the pre‐expansion era. Our analyses reveal that Red‐bellied Woodpeckers are not exhibiting climate or habitat niche conservatism, explaining why predictive ENMs for this species could not effectively track their range shift. This study emphasizes that predictive models may not be effective for species undergoing niche changes.
Keywords: Carolinian avifauna; climate change; ecological niche modeling; land cover change; Maxent; Melanerpes carolinus; niche conservatism; niche expansion; predictive modeling; range expansion; Red‐bellied Woodpecker

Addendum Architectural Cultural Resource Survey for PIN 9306.73.101, NYS Route 206 Slope Failure, Pavement Rehabilitation and Stormwater Lines, Town of Bainbridge and Village of Bainbridge, Chenango County, New York - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Architectural Cultural Resource Survey for PIN 1024.09.121 New York Route 196 over Dike Road, Town of Kingsbury, Washington County, New York - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for OGS 45879 New Massena DOT Sub-Headquarters and Salt Storage, Town of Norfolk, St. Lawrence County, New York, MCD 08922 - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1024.09.121 New York Route 196 over Dike Road, Town of Kingsbury, Washington County, New York - A. Gore (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Freshwater reservoir offsets and food crusts: Isotope, AMS, and lipid analyses of experimental cooking residues - J. P. Hart; Taché, Karine; Lovis, William A. (PLOS ONE, 2018)
Freshwater reservoir offsets (FROs) occur when AMS dates on charred, encrusted food residues on pottery predate a pot's chronological context because of the presence of ancient carbon from aquatic resources such as fish. Research over the past two decades has demonstrated that FROs vary widely within and between water bodies and between fish in those water bodies. Lipid analyses have identified aquatic biomarkers that can be extracted from cooking residues as potential evidence for FROs. However, lacking has been efforts to determine empirically how much fish with FROs needs to be cooked in a pot with other resources to result in significant FRO on encrusted cooking residue and what percentage of fish C in a residue is needed to result in the recovery of aquatic biomarkers. Here we provide preliminary assessments of both issues. Our results indicate that in historically-contingent, high alkalinity environments <20% C from fish may result in a statistically significant FRO, but that biomarkers for aquatic resources may be present in the absence of a significant FRO.

A Glimpse of the Rich Artistic Expressions of Native Americas AD 1300-1700 - J. P. Hart (Gallery Guide-Community and Continuity: Native American Art of New York, 2018)

Review of: The Connected Past: Challenges to Network Studies in Archaeology and History - J. P. Hart (American Antiquity, 2018)

Isotopic evidence for broad diet including anadromous fish during the mid-Holocene in northeastern North America - Heins-Ledogar, Sarah; R. S. Feranec; Zuhlke, Jessica M. (Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2018)
Archaeological evidence, including riverine and lake settlements, as well as fishing and netting artifacts, suggests that there was an increased reliance on inland fisheries during the mid-Holocene (ca. 4500–1800 cal BP) in northeastern North America. Unfortunately, more direct lines of evidence investigating this idea have not been thoroughly examined due to several factors, including inconsistent excavation techniques, and limitations in destructive analysis of human material remains. Here, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from one human female and fifteen terrestrial and aquatic faunal taxa from deposits within the mid-Holocene site, Dutchess Quarry Cave 1 (Orange County, NY), to assess dietary source proportions and determine whether anadromous fish were a prominent dietary component for this individual. Using cluster analysis, potential prey species were grouped into three sources consistent with anadromous fish (“prey 1”), carnivores and omnivores (“prey 2”), and terrestrial herbivores and game birds (“prey 3”). We evaluated the relative contributions of the stable isotope values of the three prey groups using Bayesian analysis with MixSIAR. Our results indicate that animals within prey 3 made up the largest component of this individual's diet, implying that terrestrial herbivores and game birds likely dominated her diet. Fauna from isotope groups prey 1 (anadromous fish) and 2 (carnivores and omnivores) supplemented the diet. Based on these data, it appears that anadromous fish were a seasonal component of human diet and that the incorporation of these resources did not involve the dramatic reduction of other year-round protein sources.
Keywords: Dutchess Quarry Cave; Early Woodland; Inland fishery; s Mixing model; Stable carbon isotopes; Stable nitrogen isotope

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 8101.46.121, Hutchinson River Parkway: Vicinity of East Lincoln Avenue, Village of Pelham and City of Mount Vernon, Westchester County, New York - S. Higgins (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Minimum Age of the Mapleton, Tully, and Labrador Hollow Moraines Indicates Correlation with the Port Huron Phase in Central New York State - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Lowell, T. V.; Smith, C. A.; R. S. Feranec; Graham, B. L. (Quaternary Glaciation of the Great Lakes Region: Process, Landforms, Sediments, and Chronology, 2018)
The glaciated terrain along the northern edge of the Appalachian Plateau in the eastern Finger Lakes of central New York has long been recognized as an important location for meltwater routing and for proglacial lake development in the Great Lakes region. Despite recognition of multiple ice margins formed by the Ontario Lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet during the late Wisconsinan, numerical age control of several margins has been elusive, particularly in regard to regional readvances of the Port Bruce (ca. 16,980–18,000 cal [calibrated] yr B.P.) and Port Huron (ca. 14,300–16,000 cal yr B.P.) Phases. Utilizing light detection and ranging (LiDAR) terrain models in the eastern Finger Lakes area, we identifi ed and described the Mapleton, Tully, and Labrador Hollow moraines. Associated ice-marginal landforms include push moraines, fans, and hummocky topography. In places, these features intrude into the northern heads of through valleys. Coring of three basins directly associated with these landforms yielded more than 20 samples of boreal tree needles and twigs, and Dryas leaves. Accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon assay results indicate that poststadial lacustrine sedimentation began at ca. 15,000 cal yr B.P., consistent with ages of the Port Huron Phase.

Surficial Geology of Cayuga County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; B. Bird; Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart Series, 2018)

Surficial Geology of the Ithaca West 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Tompkins County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Backhaus, K. J.; Leone, J. (Map and Chart Series, 2018)

Surficial Geology of the Voorheesville 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Albany County, New York - A. L. Kozlowski; Backhaus, K. J.; Leone, J. (Map and Chart Series, 2018)

Radulaceae (Dumortier) Müller Frib. - Krayesky, D. M.; L. Leonardi; Chmielewski, J. G. (Bryophyte Flora of North America, Provisional Publication, 2018)

Early evolution of colonial animals (Ediacaran Evolutionary Radiation–Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation–Great Ordovician Biodiversification Interval) - E. Landing; Antcliffe, J. B.; Geyer, G.; Kouchinsky, A.; Bowser, S. S.; Andreas, A. (Earth-Science Reviews, 2018)
Re-evaluation of eumetazoan modular coloniality gives a new perspective to Ediacaran–Ordovician animal diversification. Highly integrated eumetazoan colonies (porpitids [“chondrophorines”], pennatulacean octocorals, anthozoans) prove to be unknown in the Ediacaran. Ediacaran Evolutionary Radiation (EER, new term) fossils include macroscopic and multicellular remains that cannot be compellingly related to any modern group. Claims of eumetazoan coloniality in the Ediacaran are questionable. The subsequent Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation (CER, terminal Ediacaran–late early Cambrian) records appearance and diversification of deep burrowers and a relatively abrupt development of biomineralization. The CER began in a transition zone that spans the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary and includes the final few million years of the Ediacaran. The early CER has pseudocolonial(?) Corumbella that may be related to some Phanerozoic taxa (conulariids) and records appearance of the first macroscopic biomineralised organisms (Cloudina, Namacalathus, Namapoikea), which may not be eumetazoans. Modular eumetazoans dominate and define many Ordovician and younger habitats (coral, bryozoan, sabellitid reefs; pelagic larvaceans, salps, early–middle Palaeozoic graptolites), but eumetazoan coloniality largely “missed” the EER and CER. All purported Ediacaran–Ordovician porpitids (“chondophorines”) and pennatulaceans are not colonial eumetazoans. Only in the late early Cambrian (late CER) or early middle Cambrian do a few modular colonial eumetazoans first occur as fossils. These include Sphenothallus (available evidence precludes Torellella coloniality), some corals (colonial “coralomorphs”), and lower middle Cambrian graptolithoids. Modular eumetazoan colonies (corals, graptolithoids) in the late early and early middle Cambrian (late Epoch 2–early Epoch 3) and appearance of mid-water predators (cephalopods, euconodonts) and bryozoans in the late Cambrian–earliest Ordovician (late Furongian–early Tremadocian) are the root for the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Interval (GOBI, new term) and diverse later Phanerozoic communities.
Keywords: Cambrian; Colonies; Early evolution; Ediacaran; Eumetazoa; Ordovician

Iapetan Rift‒Passive Margin Transition in NE Laurentia and Eustatic Control on Continental Slope Oxygenation, Taconic Slate Colors, and Early Paleozoic Climate - E. Landing; Webster, M. (110th New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference and 90th New York State Geological Association Meeting, 2018)

Tropical Weathering of the Taconic Orogeny (i.e., “orogen”) as a Driver for Ordovician Cooling - E. Landing (Geology Forum, 2018)
Swanson-Hysell and Macdonald (2017) follow Kump et al.’s (1999) proposal that decreasing temperatures through the Ordovician (e.g., Trotter et al., 2008) are largely explained by CO2 sequestration with weathering of silicates exposed by Taconic arc-Laurentia collision. They propose higher weatherability of the west-east‒trending Taconic orogen that they shift to a more equatorial, wet-tropical setting. The concerns that may be raised by a reader are whether the following are all responses to this orogeny: (1) the Ordovician temperature record, (2) the strontium and neodymium isotope record interpreted to reflect the Taconic orogeny (Swanson-Hysell and Macdonald, 2017), and (3) the interpreted pCO2.

Surficial Geology of the West Groton 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Cayuga and Tompkins Counties, New York - Leone, J.; Backhaus, K. J. (Map and Chart Series, 2018)

International Symposium on the Ediacaran– Cambrian Transition (ISECT) 2017 - Liu, A. G.; Matthews, J. J.; McIlroy, D.; Narbonne, G. M.; E. Landing; Menon, L. R.; Laflamme, M. (Episodes, 2018)

Cultural Resource Survey Report for An Architectural Survey of PIN 8473.14.101, US 1 over Mamaroneck River (BIN 100040), Village of Mamaroneck, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Survey Short Form for An Architectural Survey of PIN 2023.34.101, NY 69 over Saquoit Creek (BIN 1009919), Villages of Whitesboro and Yorkville and Town of Whitestown, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN 1EST.02.101 and 1EST.03.101, Empire State Trail, hamlets of Pattersonville, Rotterdam Junction and Lower Rotterdam Junction, Town of Rotterdam, Schenectady County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

A Cultural Resources Survey Report for An Architectural Survey of PIN 3M00.18l.101 NYSDOT Tompkins County Residency, Town of Lansing, Tompkins County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

A Cultural Resources Survey Report for An Architectural Survey of PIN 2805.82.121, Pavement Rehabilitation - Route 67 and Route 920P, Hamlet of Manny Corners, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

A Cultural Resources Survey Report for An Architectural Survey of PIN 8101.46.121, Hutchinson River Parkway: Vicinity of East Lincoln Avenue, Village of Pelham, City of Mount Vernon, Town of Pelham, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resources Survey Report for an Architectural Survey of PIN 2805.95.121 Culvert Project 18: Culvert C230012, NY Route 5, Town of Manheim, Herkimer County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resources Survey Short Form for an Architectural Survey of PIN 2805.95.121 Culvert Project 18: Culvert C250071, NY Route 30A, Town of Mohawk, Montgomery County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resources Survey Short Form for an Architectural Survey of PIN 2805.95.121 Culvert Project 18: Culvert C250001, NY Route 5, Town of St. Johnsville, Montgomery County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resources Survey Short Form for an Architectural Survey of PIN 2805.95.121 Culvert Project 18: Culvert C250034, NY Route 5S, Town of Canajoharie, Montgomery County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Inventory of PIN 8813.27.121, Tuckahoe Road Bridge over Sprain Brook Parkway (BIN 5348090), City of Yonkers, Westchester County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Structural Documentation, Eastbound Union Turnpike Spanning Grand Central Parkway (BIN 1075880), Kew Gardens, Queens County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Structural Documentation, Westbound Union Turnpike Spanning Grand Central Parkway (BIN 1065030), Kew Gardens, Queens County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Coupling Lithic Sourcing with Least Cost Path Analysis to Model Paleoindian Pathways in Northeastern North America - J. C. Lothrop; Burke, A. L.; S. Winchell-Sweeney; Gauthier, G. (American Antiquity, 2018)
Projections of Paleoindian range mobility in the late Pleistocene are typically inferred from straight-line distances between toolstone sources and sites where artifacts of these raw materials have been found. Often, however, these sourcing assessments are not based on geologic analysis, raising the issue of correct source ascription. If sites of similar age can be linked to a toolstone source through geologic study, and direct procurement of toolstone can be inferred, geographic information systems (GIS) modeling of travel routes between the source and those sites can reveal route segments of annual rounds and aspects of landscape use. In the Hudson Valley of eastern New York, Paleoindian peoples exploited Normanskill chert outcrops for toolstone during the late Pleistocene. Here, we combine X-ray fluorescence sourcing results that link Normanskill chert artifacts at Paleoindian sites to the West Athens Hill source outcrop in the Hudson Valley with GIS least cost path analysis to model seasonal pathways of late Pleistocene peoples in northeastern North America.

New Data on Paleoindian Sites and Isolated Finds in the Wallkill/Rondout Valley of New York and New Jersey - J. C. Lothrop; LaPorta, Philip C.; Diamond, Joseph E.; M.H. Younge; S. Winchell-Sweeney (In The Eastern Fluted Point Tradition II, 2018)

The Cheever and Mineville Iron Oxide-Apatite (IOA) Deposits - M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli; Bailey, D. G.; S. P. Regan; Singer, J. W. (110th New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference and 90th New York State Geological Association Meeting, 2018)

Columbite-Group Minerals from New York Pegmatites: Insights from Isotopic and Geochemical Analyses - M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli; M. E. Pecha; J. W. Singer; S. P. Regan (Geosciences, 2018)
Columbite crystals from niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF) pegmatites lacking zircon or containing metamict cyrtolite were analyzed for major and minor elements (Electron Microprobe (EMP)), trace elements (Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)), and U-Pb geochronology (Laser AblationMulti-Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-MC-ICP-MS)). All four pegmatite localities sampled are hosted by the Proterozoic Fordham gneiss and/or Paleozoic Bedford gneiss (Columbite-(Fe); Kinkel and Baylis localities) and the Manhattan Schist of Lower Paleozoic age (Columbite-(Mn); Fort George and Harlem River Drive localities) and yield Neoacadian ages. The weighted average U-Pb ages are 372.2 8.2 Ma (Baylis Quarry), 371.3 7.3 and 383.4 8.9 Ma (Kinkel Quarry); 383 15 Ma (185th St. and Harlem River Drive); and 372 10 Ma (Fort George). A partial metamict zircon (“cyrtolite”) from the Kinkel Quarry yielded a weighted average U-Pb age of 376.9 4.3 Ma. The Neoacadian ages obtained agree with those determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) for zircon from Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum (LCT) pegmatites from Connecticut and Maine. No pegmatites temporally associated with the Taconic orogeny were found. The size, lack of common Pb, uniform U concentrations across crystal cross-sections, sufficient but moderate uranium concentrations, lack of metamictization, and consistency in U-Pb isotopic ratios for columbite samples BCB-COL, NYSM #25232, and NYSM #525.8 suggests they show promise as potential standards for oxide mineral LA-MC-ICP-MS geochronological analyses, however, additional characterization using ID-TIMS would be necessary to develop as such.
Keywords: Bedford; Manhattan; columbite-(Fe); columbite-(Mn); Neoacadian; NYF pegmatites; U-Pb columbite geochronology

An Historical–Economic Description of Several Iron Deposits from the Adirondack Region of NewYork - M. V. Lupulescu (Iron in New York, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 5009.13.121, New York State Route 83, Town of Arkwright, Chautauqua County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

A Cultural Resource Site Examination Report of The Sisson Site (NYSM # 12683, SHPO USN # 09902.000064) PIN 3807.39.101 NYS Route 414 Culvert # C310070, Town of Fayette (MCD #09902), Seneca County. New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

A Phase I Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey for Otisco Lake Boat Launch, Town of Spafford, Onondaga County, New York - A. Lynch (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

On Monuments and Racial Violence - Marsh, D.; Gwendolyn W Saul (Anthropology News, 2018)

Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey Report for Tivoli Bays Wildlife Management Area Timber Harvest, Town of Red Hook, Dutchess County, New York - D. E. Mazeau (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

The Many and Varied MCLs (Maritime Cultural Landscapes) of New York - D. E. Merwin (Proceedings of the Maritime Cultural Landscape Symposium, Volume 1: Presentation Papers, 2018)

Nepytia pellucidaria (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in New York State - Mihuc, J. R.; T. L. McCabe (News of The Lepidopterists’ Society, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Phase I Archaeological Survey Report, PIN 3M00.18.101 Tompkins County Sub-Residency, Ithaca-Tompkins Regional Airport, Town of Lansing, Tompkins County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Phase I Archaeological Survey Report for Proposed Lake George Park Commission Office Facility and Lake George Battlefield Park Visitors Interpretive Center, Village of Lake George, Warren County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Phase I Report, PIN 3155.28.121 New York State Route 90 (Cayuga Street) over Outlet to Cayuga Lake, Village of Union Springs, Cayuga County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Phase IB Report – Addendum, PIN 3169.05.101/BIN 1023380, NY Route 34B (Ridge Road) over Salmon Creek, Town of Lansing, Tompkins County, New York - Moragne, S. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Iron in New York - M. Pickands (New York State Museum Record, 2018)

Preface - M. Pickands (Iron in New York, 2018)

Laurentide ice sheet meltwater routing along the Iro-Mohawk River, eastern New York, USA - Porreca, Charles; Briner, Jason P.; A. L. Kozlowski (Geomorphology, 2018)
The rerouting of meltwater as the configuration of ice sheets evolved during the last deglaciation is thought to have led to some of the most significant perturbations to the climate system in the late Quaternary. However, the complex pattern of ice sheet meltwater drainage off the continents, and the timing of rerouting events, remains to be fully resolved. As the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) retreated north of the Adirondack Uplands of northeastern New York State during the last deglaciation, a large proglacial lake, Lake Iroquois, found a lower outlet that resulted in a significant flood event. This meltwater rerouting event, from outflow via the Iro-Mohawk River valley (southern Adirondack Mountains) to the spillway at Covey Hill (northeastern Adirondack Mountains), is hypothesized to have taken place ~ 13.2 ka and disturbed meridional circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. However, the timing of the rerouting event is not certain because the event has not been directly dated. With improving the history of Lake Iroquois drainage in mind, we obtained cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages on a strath terrace on Moss Island, along the Iro-Mohawk River spillway. We hypothesize that Moss Island's strath terrace became abandoned during the rerouting event. Six 10Be ages from the strath surface average 14.8 ± 1.3 ka, which predates the previously published bracketing radiocarbon ages of ~ 13.2 ka. Several possibilities for the discrepancy exist: (1) the 10Be age accurately represents the timing of a decrease in discharge through the Iro-Mohawk River spillway; (2) the age is influenced by inheritance. The 10Be ages from glacially sculpted surfaces on Moss Island above the strath terrace predate the deglaciation of the site by 5 to 35 ky; and (3) the abandonment of the Moss Island strath terrace relates to knickpoint migration and not the final abandonment of the Iro-Mohawk River as the Lake Iroquois spillway. Further study and application of cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating in the region may lead to tighter chronologic constraints of meltwater history of the LIS.
Keywords: 10Be dating; Ice sheet; meltwater; Pothole; Strath terrace

Community + Continuity - Gwendolyn W Saul (Gallery Guide-Community and Continuity: Native American Art of New York, 2018)

In Whose Honor? On Monuments, Public Spaces, Historical Narratives, and Memory - Gwendolyn W Saul; Marsh, Diana E. (Museum Anthropology, 2018)
Recent organized protests have incurred outrage over monuments commemorating Confederate military leaders; in some cities, such as Baltimore, statues of Confederate military leaders have been removed overnight. In this context of charged public discourse, we ask: Does the immediate removal of these statues and monuments truly change the representation of histories and heritage? This expanded commentary, emanating from a Late‐Breaking Roundtable Session at the American Anthropological Association's 2017 annual meeting, is a discussion of the nuances and more obvious manipulations of power exercised through public spaces, representations, place names, and the production of historical narratives embedded in material forms of cultural memory. Research in the field of museum anthropology offers analysis pertinent to this subject, as well as intentioned practices to support communities addressing the violences, disparities, and racisms embedded in American history, and its material forms of cultural memory. In organizing the session, we suggested participants might explore the significance of “dissonant” or “negative” heritage; the narratives, counternarratives, and contestations highlighted in these controversies; or offer comparative perspectives from contexts other than the United States. [public spaces, historical narratives, heritage, representation, museums, Confederate monuments and statues]

Inspiration from Museum Collections: An Exhibit as a Case Study in Building Relationships between Museums and Indigenous Artists - Gwendolyn W Saul; Jolie, R. (The American Indian Quarterly, 2018)
Elements of the Earth is an exhibit featured in the Alfonso Ortiz Center for Intercultural Studies exhibition gallery at the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico. Guest-curated by Ohkay Owingeh ceramicist Clarence Cruz, the exhibit features narrative written by Cruz and examples of his ceramic artwork inspired by pre-Hispanic and historic Ohkay Owingeh ceramics from the Maxwell Museum of Anthropology collections. The exhibit evolved as a collaboration between Cruz and the Maxwell Museum as part of Cruz’s master’s thesis in studio art and was sponsored by the Ortiz Center. As museums strive to establish and build relationships with Indigenous communities, groups, and individuals, the work of the Alfonso Ortiz Center in supporting projects and exhibits such as Elements of the Earth provides an opportunity to reflect on the process of building reciprocal working relationships. Most importantly, in this case study, having an institution distinct from the museum has produced an exhibition that is aimed to support the intentions of Indigenous communities and artists. For Cruz, the support of the Ortiz Center and the Maxwell Museum made possible an opportunity to introduce Ohkay Owingeh and other Pueblo youth to the cultural importance and historical practices of harvesting clay and making ceramics within Puebloan communities.

Documentation of Myrophis punctatus (Speckled Worm Eel) from Marine Waters of New York - Schmidt, Robert E.; J. J Wright (Northeastern Naturalist, 2018)
Recent accessions to the fish collection of the New York State Museum contained specimens of Myrophis punctatus (Speckled Worm Eel) from New York waters. This is the first published documentation of the species in New York based on specimens of the leptocephalus stage and juveniles. Its small size and behavior make the Speckled Worm Eel particularly difficult to sample with conventional gear, and it may be more abundant and widespread than historical observations indicate.

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Architectural Survey of PIN 4404.19.101, Route 941B/Empire Boulevard Pavement Rehabilitation from Culver Road to Helendale Road, City of Rochester and Town of Irondequoit, Monroe County, New York - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

PIN 2754.38.121 BIN 4426080/ Higginsville Road Bridge Replacement, Higginsville Road (County Route 50A), Town of Verona, Oneida County, New York, Architectural Survey - V. A. Schmitt (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey of OGS SC307, New State Police Barracks, Town of Chatham, Columbia County, New York - Sobik, C. (Cultural Resource Survey Program, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 1810.74.121, Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey, Menands Bike/Ped Connector, Broadway (New York State Route 32) to Mohawk/Hudson Bike Hike Trail, Village of Menands, Albany County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2018)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PINS 1EST.02.101 and 1EST.03.101, Empire State Trail: New Trail Connections adjacent to Erie Canal and Railroad, Town of Rotterdam, Hamlets of Rotterdam Junction and Pattersonville, Schenectady County, NY - Sobik, C.; R. Dean (New York State Museum, 2018)

Cultural Resources Management Survey for OGS SC307, Investigation of Properties for Barracks Program, Town of Chatham, Columbia County, New York - Sobik, C. (New York State Museum, 2018)

Revision of the genus Aleyda Schaus, 1928 with the description of one new species (Lepidoptera: Mimallonidae) - St Laurent, R. A.; T. L. McCabe; Malm, T. (SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 2018)
The genus Aleyda Schaus, 1928 is revised. The male of the type species of Aleyda, A. accipiter, is redescribed, and the female is figured for the first time. Aleyda heppneri St Laurent, McCabe & Malm, sp. n. from Panamá and French Guiana is newly described. Male and female genitalia of both species are figured for the first time. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Mimallonidae, Cicinnus, Euphaneta, taxonomy, French Guiana, Panama.

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of Cove Road at Pools Brook/Erie Canal Boat Launch Site Town of Verona, (MCD 06522), Oneida County, New York - D. Staley (New York State Museum, 2018)

Visitors and Vandals — The Post-Abandonment Archaeological Record at the Adirondack Iron and Steel Company’s “New Furnace” - D. Staley (Iron in New York, 2018)

A Cultural Resource Survey Report for An Addendum Architectural Survey of PIN 3269.05.101, Replacement of BIN 1023380, NYS Route34B (Ridge Road) over Salmon Creek, Town of Lansing, Tompkins County, New York - T. Thomas (New York State Museum, 2018)

Evaluation of John Boyd Thacher Park, Albany County, New York, For its Merit in Meeting National Criteria as a National Natural Landmark, Final Report - Venti, N. L.; C. A. Ver Straeten; Osgood, S. C.; DiTroia, A. L. (Submitted to the National Park Service. Massachusetts Geological Survey, 2018)

Iron-rich Sedimentary Deposits of NewYork: An Overview - C. A. Ver Straeten (Iron in New York, 2018)

Pseudocryptic species of the Middle Cambrian trilobite Eodiscus Hartt, in Walcott, 1884, from Avalonian and Laurentian Newfoundland - Westrop, Stephen R.; E. Landing; Dengler, Alyce A. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2018)
Two species of the Middle Cambrian trilobite Eodiscus Hartt, in Walcott, 1884, E. punctatus (Salter, 1864) and E. scanicus (Linnarsson, 1883), have been reported from several paleocontinents. However, in their respective type areas of Avalonian Britain and Baltica (Sweden), both species are poorly documented from moulds preserved in siliciclastic mudstone that are variably compacted and distorted. Moreover, variation in such characters as surface sculpture between putative occurrences suggests that widespread use of these names may mask species differentiation within and between paleocontinents. Detailed examination of Eodiscus sclerites that are exquisitely preserved in full relief in limestone from the Manuels River Formation of Avalonian Newfoundland and the Shallow Bay Formation of Laurentian Newfoundland demonstrates the presence of multiple species that are distinct from both E. punctatus and E. scanicus. We interpret them as a group of pseudocryptic species that are comparable to groups that are now identified routinely among modern invertebrates. New species are E. confossus, E. tuberculus, and E. coloholcus. At the current state of knowledge, E. punctatus and E. scanicus are best restricted to their respective types.

Analyzing the Tooth Development of Sabertooth Carnivores: Implications Regarding the Ecology and Evolution of Smilodon fatalis - Wysocki, M. A.; R. S. Feranec (Smilodon: The Iconic Sabertooth, 2018)

Age and origin of the Cannon Point syenite, Essex County, New York: southernmost expression of Monteregian Hills magmatism? - Bailey, D. G.; M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli; Traylor, Jonathan P. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2017)
Two syenite sills intrude the local Paleozoic strata of eastern New York State and are exposed along the western shore of Lake Champlain. The sills are fine-grained, alkali feldspar syenites and quartz syenites, with phenocrysts of sanidine and albite. The two sills are compositionally distinct, with crossing rare earth element profiles and different incompatible element ratios, which eliminates the possibility of a simple petrogenetic relationship. Zircon extracted from the upper sill yields a U–Pb age of 131.1 ± 1.7 Ma, making the sills the youngest known igneous rocks in New York State. This age is similar to that of the earliest intrusions in the Monteregian Hills of Quebec, >100 km to the north. Sr and Nd radiogenic isotope ratios are also similar to those observed in some of the syenitic rocks of the eastern Monteregian Hills. The Cannon Point syenites have compositions typical of A-type, within-plate granitoids. They exhibit unusually high Ta and Nb concentrations, resulting in distinct trace element signatures that are similar to those of the silicic rocks of the Valles Caldera, a large, rift-related magmatic system. We suggest that the Cannon Point syenites were melts derived primarily by anatexis of old, primitive, lower crustal material in response to Mesozoic rifting and to the intrusion of mantle-derived magmas. The sills indicate that the effects of continental rifting were spatially and temporally extensive, resulting in the reactivation of basement faults in the Lake Champlain Valley hundreds of kilometers west of the active rift boundary, and crustal melting >50 Ma after the initiation of rifting.

Kimberlites in the Cayuga Lake Region of Central New York: The Six Mile Creek, Williams Brook, and Taughannock Creek Dikes - Bailey, D. G.; M. V. Lupulescu; J. R. Chiarenzelli (Field Trip Guide, New York State Geological Association 89th Annual Meeting, 2017)

Soils and Agricultural Carrying Capacity - Beach, T.; Luzzadder-Beach, S.; Sweetwood, R. V.; Farrell, P.; D. E. Mazeau; Terry, R. E. (Ancient Maya Commerce: Multidisciplinary Research at Chunchucmil, 2017)

Surficial Geology of the Owasco Quadrangle, Cayuga and Onondaga Counties, New York - B. Bird; A. L. Kozlowski; Pair, D. L. (Map and Chart Series, 2017)

Lyon Mountain ferroan leucogranite suite: Magmatic response to extensional thinning of overthickened crust in the core of the Grenville orogen - J. R. Chiarenzelli; Selleck, B.; M. V. Lupulescu; Bickford, M. E.; Valley, P.; McLelland, L. (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2017)
Evidence is presented for the crystallization age (ca. 1066−1033 Ma) and origin of the Lyon Mountain Granite (formerly Lyon Mountain Gneiss), a widespread magnetite-bearing leucogranitic igneous suite in the Adirondack Highlands. Recent reinterpretations of U-Pb zircon results have led some to propose that the Lyon Mountain Granite was intruded synchronously with the Shawinigan anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) suite at ca. 1165−1145 Ma. However, this interpretation conflicts with the recognized chronology of the region based on field and analytical studies, which have established a late to postkinematic Ottawan crystallization age (ca. 1050 Ma). Herein, we show that the older ages reported are a consequence of zircon inheritance; we summarize existing and provide new U-Pb zircon data expanding the recognized extent of the Lyon Mountain Granite; and we review long-recognized field relationships and temporal associations among structures within the region and southern Grenville Province. Field relations include a spatial, and likely temporal, link with iron oxide−apatite deposits, gabbroic and amphibolite bodies, and association with late extensional faults and hydrothermal alteration. The variable fabric of the Lyon Mountain Granite is a consequence of magmatic/intrusive processes, proximity to synintrusive structures, and timing of intrusion relative to deformation during an ∼30 m.y. period. The Lyon Mountain Granite formed during late Ottawan anatexis related to gravitational collapse of overthickened crust. Its anhydrous ferroan nature, zircon xenocryst population, and association with magnetite-apatite deposits can be explained by partial melting of Shawinigan-aged, AMCG-dominated lower crust.

Sediment Provenance Utility of Detrital Zircon Grains From Upper Amphibolite Facies Rocks of the Grenville Supergroup, Adirondack Lowlands, Northeastern United States - J. R. Chiarenzelli; Kratzmann, D.; Selleck, B.; DeLorraine, W.; M. V. Lupulescu (Sediment Provenance Influences on Compositional Change from Source to Sink, 2017)
Detrital zircons in quartz-rich lithologies from the deformed and metamorphosed Mesoproterozoic Adirondack Lowlands in northern New York, part of the Grenville Province, have been used to document sediment provenance and basin evolution, and provide initial temporal constraints on sedimentation. Despite the effects of Shawinigan (c. 1200–1150 Ma) and Elzevirian (c. 1240–1225 Ma) orogenesis, zircon grains recovered from quartz-rich lithologies from the Grenville Supergroup largely retain detrital morphology and isotopic systematics, while displaying minimal metamorphic effects. The ages obtained constrain deposition of the entire sequence between c. 1276 and 1255 Ma. Changes in provenance track the evolution of the basin from the initial rift-drift phase, foredeep development, and transition to final basin fill and response to initial pre-Elzevirian compression. The relative lack of zircons derived from the Superior Province and predominance of those from south-central Laurentia during deposition of the sequences indicates the influence of an intervening oceanic basin to the north.
Keywords: Adirondack Lowlands; Basin evolution; Detrital zircons; Grenville Province; Grenville Supergroup; Provenance; Upper amphibolite facies

The Marcellus Subgroup in the Type Area, Central New York State - Danielsen, E. M.; Over, D. J.; G.C. Baird; C. A. Ver Straeten (Stratigraphy, 2017)
The type area for the Marcellus subgroup, a major target for natural gas in the Appalachian Basin, is located near the village of Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York. The Marcellus crops out in several road and stream exposures, but the type section designated by Cooper in 1930 is incomplete; the Union Springs Formation and the lower Oatka Creek Formation are covered. A new composite type section that incorporates the original section in Jackknife Ravine, as well as another stream, contains a nearly complete exposure of the Marcellus subgroup. The composite type section now incorporates the lower most unit of the Marcellus overlying the Seneca Member of the Onondaga Limestone, the Union Springs Formation. The Union Springs Formation consists solely of the Bakoven Member in the type area marking the drowning of the Eifelian carbonate ramp and the base of the Hamilton Group. The Oatka Creek Formation, the first complete depositional sequence of the Hamilton Group, consists of five members in the composite type section: the Hurley, Cherry Valley, East Berne, Chittenango, and Cardiff. The Mottville Member of the Skaneateles Formation overlies the Cardiff, which marks the upper contact of the Marcellus subgroup. The total thickness of the Marcellus in the type area is approximately 83 meters.

Genetic variation and biogeography of the spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus from core and peripheral populations - David, Solomon R.; J. J Wright (Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution, 2017)
The spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) shows a disjunct natural distribution, with a core population extending from the central Mississippi River Basin to the U.S. gulf coast and a peripheral population in the southern Great Lakes Basin. Despite significant conservation concerns for this species in the Great Lakes watersheds where it occurs, few genetic examinations and comparisons of these populations have been performed. We investigated inter- and intrapopulational variation in several mitochondrial genetic markers (cytochrome oxidase subunit I, COI; cytochrome oxidase subunit II, COII; and 16S rRNA, 16S) from spotted gars taken from core and peripheral populations. Genetic diversity was highest in the Mississippi River Basin and lowest in the Great Lakes Basin, while the Nueces River Basin (Texas) population showed the greatest level of divergence from other populations. Average genetic distance among core and peripheral populations was over an order of magnitude less than that seen between L. oculatus and its sister species, the Florida gar (L. platyrhincus), although a significant correlation was found between genetic and geographical distance in L. oculatus. Genetic divergence in spotted gars is likely to be related to a combination of geographic isolation and founder effects associated with recent colonization following glacial retreat. Despite its apparent lack of significant genetic differentiation or haplotype diversity, the Great Lakes population of spotted gars has previously been shown to be a unique component of the species, and additional studies are needed to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying regional adaptations as well as potential morphological differentiation among spotted gar populations.

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8009.11.121, The Replacement of the Culvert (C824084) NYS Route 199 over a tributary of the Shekomekeo Creek in the Town of Pine Plains, Hamlet of Pulver’s Corners, Dutchess County, New York - R. Dean (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report. PIN 3076.21.101 Route 5 Safety Project and Widening. Village and Town of Elbridge, Onondaga County, New York - R. Dean; Dobbin, R. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Appendix 6: Dietary Ecology of Early Peruvians from Huaca Prieta and Paredones: Integrating Stable Isotope and Dental Microwear Texture Analysis - DeSantis, L. R. G.; Dillehay, T. D.; Goodbred, S. L.; R. S. Feranec (Where the Land Meets the Sea: Fourteen Millennia of Human Prehistory on the North Coast of Peru, 2017)

Fabric Fragments from Pine Island, Alabama: Indicator of an Evolving Male Costume Item - P. B. Drooker (Southeastern Archaeology, 2017)
European and indigenous artifacts from a grave near a mound on Pine Island in the Tennessee River near Guntersville, Alabama, donated to the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History in 1915, included a group of fabric fragments. The fragments, which incorporate interlaced bison-hair yarns, most likely represent portions of a sash, an accessory with a long history in Mississippian iconography but with few extant archaeological examples. This paper addresses fabric attributes, comparable archaeological and historical fabrics, and the social significance of this costume item.
Keywords: Alabama; bison-hair yarn; Early historical period; Pine Island; sash; textile

The Fabric of Power: Textiles in Mississippian Politics and Ritual - P. B. Drooker (Forging Southeastern Identities: Social Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and Folklore of the Mississippian to Early Historic South, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1188.36.101, Route 67 over the Battenkill Railroad, Town of White Creek (MCD 11516), Washington County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1188.36.101, Route 67 over the Battenkill Railroad, Town of White Creek (MCD 11516), Washington County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report, PIN 2805.77.101, Culvert C260154, NYS Route 12, Village of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2805.77.101, Replacement or Repair of Culvert 260155, Route 12D (Post Street), Village and Town of Boonville (MCD 06547 and 06504), Oneida County, New York - Dubuque, J. (New York State Museum, 2017)

Trace Element Analysis Provides Insight into the Diets of Early Late Miocene Ungulates from the Rudabánya II Locality (Hungary) - Eastham, L.C.; R. S. Feranec; Begun, D. R. (Geologica Acta, 2017)
The early Late Miocene vertebrate locality of Rudabánya II (R. II) in northeastern Hungary preserves an abundance of forest-adapted ungulate species. To better understand the ecological relationships within this ancient ecosystem, we used analysis of enamel strontium/calcium (Sr/Ca) ratios to infer dietary preferences. The goals of the analysis were to: i) determine whether these ungulate species specialized in specific plants or plant parts; ii) discern whether the Sr/Ca ratios support what was previously suggested about the ecology of these species; and iii) evaluate the factors that may have acted to promote coexistence within this diverse community of predominantly browsing herbivores. Results show significant differences in the diets of the sampled species. The highest Sr/Ca ratios were displayed by the suids Parachleuastochoerus kretzoii [B1] and Propotamochoerus palaeochoerus implying a preference for Sr-rich underground plant parts. Elevated Sr/Ca ratios yielded by the cervid Lucentia aff. pierensis and equid Hippotherium intrans are indicative of intermediate feeding. The bovid Miotragocerus sp. showed higher Sr/Ca ratios than the gomphothere Tetralophodon longirostris, which is incongruent with morphological and stable isotope data, and suggested browsing by both taxa. This finding is likely the result of a difference in digestive physiology (ruminant vs. monogastric) rather than a difference in dietary behaviour. The lowest Sr/Ca ratios were displayed by the traguild Dorcatherium naui and moschid Micromeryx flourensianussuggesting a preference for Sr-poor fruits. Resource specialization and partitioning within the local environment likely acted to decrease interspecific competition and promote coexistence within the diverse ungulate community at R. II.
Keywords: Hungary; Late Miocene; paleoecology; Sr/Ca ratios; Ungulates

The dynamics of Chaoborus americanus in an Adirondack lake following the reintroduction of fish - Farrell, Jeremy L.; Siegfried, C. A.; Daniels, R. A.; Sutherland, James W.; Boylen, Charles W.; Bloomfield, Jay A.; Quinn, Scott O.; Nierzwicki-Bauer, Sandra A. (Limnologica, 2017)
Acid deposition during the 20th century led to the gradual elimination of fish in Brooktrout Lake (Adirondack Mountains, New York State). Thereafter, the lake was colonized by Chaoborus americanus, a dipteran with an aquatic larval stage that typically resides in the pelagic zone in fishless lakes. During subsequent chemical recovery from acidification, the lake was stocked with Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). For seven years following this reintroduction we examined the re-adaptation of the food chain. The C. americanus abundance and distribution was quantified utilizing a combination of hydroacoustics, traditional vertical net tows and Schindler-Patalas trap collections. Hydroacoustic backscattering signals were repeatable and correlated (r = 0.86, p = 0.003) with C. americanus abundance. Backscattering, depth, month and year were used to develop a random forest model that predicted the C. americanus density (r2 = 0.67,  p< 0.05). The hydroacoustic signal revealed a clear but limited diurnal vertical migration of C. americanus. The signal continued in the presence of the fish population beginning with reintroduction in 2005 and extending through 2011. In 2012, the hydroacoustic signal no longer was present in the lake, suggesting that the fish had eliminated the C. americanus population, which was verified with net tows. Using novel and traditional survey methods, we demonstrate that the reintroduction of fish can alter the lake community structure significantly through the extirpation of the major component of the pelagic zone.

Hypsodonty, horses, and the spread of C4 grasses during the middle Miocene in southern California - R. S. Feranec; Pagnac, D. C. (Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2017)
Background: C4 grasses were not abundant in North America during the middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma). They did not become abundant until around 7 Ma. One can analyse stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values in the enamel of fossil horse teeth to determine the extent to which horses were eating C4 grasses even during the period before those grasses became abundant. Questions: In southern California, what proportion of a middle Miocene horse’s diet was made up of C4 grasses? Was the amount enough to influence the size and shape of horse teeth? Organisms: Eighty-five specimens of five fossil horse species – Acritohippus stylodontus, Archaeohippus mourningi, Merychippus californicus, Scaphohippus intermontanus, and Scaphohippus sumani – from the middle Miocene (c. 16 Ma) of southern California (i.e. Barstow Formation, Cajon Valley Formation, and Temblor Formation). Methods: To determine if C4 grasses were present in middle Miocene horse diets, we analysed stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values from the enamel of the fossils. If the result did indicate C4 foraging at a locality, we modelled the percentage of C4 grasses in equid diets using Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR) v.4.2.2. Results: Modelled percentage C4 in equid diets was <20%. Each formation was statistically significantly different from the others in terms of δ13C values. Barstow specimens had the highest values, those from Cajon Valley the lowest, and those from Temblor were intermediate. Those results indicate that horses ate C4 grasses within the Barstow and possibly the Temblor Formation but not the Cajon Valley Formation. Within the Barstow sample, Scaphohippus sumani had statistically significantly lower δ13C but statistically significantly higher δ18O values than Acritohippus stylodontus, suggesting a higher proportion of C3 grasses in the diet of Scaphohippus sumani versus a higher proportion of C4 grasses for Acritohippus stylodontus. The latter species also had higher tooth crowns, consistent with a diet richer in C4 grasses. There were no statistically significant differences between species at Cajon Valley for either δ13C or δ18O. The δ13C values for Merychippus californicus suggest that the habitats of the Temblor Formation had a low percentage (<6%) of C4 plants. Conclusions: C4 grasses lived in the mid-Miocene landscape in southern California up to 8 million years before the rapid increase in C4 ecosystems that occurred worldwide about 7 to 5 Ma. Horses foraged these grasses, so hypotheses related to horse morphological evolution must take C4 plants into account.
Keywords: C3 plants; C4 plants; Equidae; grasslands; hypsodonty; Miocene; stable isotope

Ice Age Mammals Colonize New York: A STEM Lab Derived from Collections-Based Research at the New York State Museum - R. S. Feranec; A. L. Kozlowski (New York State Museum Education Leaflet, 2017)

Division within the North American boreal forest: Ecological niche divergence between the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. minimus) - FitzGerald, Alyssa M. (Ecology and Evolution, 2017)
Sister species that diverged in allopatry in similar environments are expected to exhibit niche conservatism. Using ecological niche modeling and a multivariate analysis of climate and habitat data, I test the hypothesis that the Bicknell's Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) and Gray-cheeked Thrush (C. mimimus), sister species that breed in the North American boreal forest, show niche conservatism. Three tree species that are important components of breeding territories of both thrush species were combined with climatic variables to create niche models consisting of abiotic and biotic components. Abiotic-only, abiotic+biotic, and biotic-only models were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) criterion. Abiotic+biotic models had higher AUC scores and did not over-project thrush distributions compared to abiotic-only or biotic-only models. From the abiotic+biotic models, I tested for niche conservatism or divergence by accounting for the differences in the availability of niche components by calculating (1) niche overlap from ecological niche models and (2) mean niche differences of environmental values at occurrence points. Niche background similarity tests revealed significant niche divergence in 10 of 12 comparisons, and multivariate tests revealed niche divergence along 2 of 3 niche axes. The Bicknell's Thrush breeds in warmer and wetter regions with a high abundance of balsam fir (Abies balsamea), whereas Gray-cheeked Thrush often co-occurs with black spruce (Picea mariana). Niche divergence, rather than conservatism, was the predominant pattern for these species, suggesting that ecological divergence has played a role in the speciation of the Bicknell's Thrush and Gray-cheeked Thrush. Furthermore, because niche models were improved by the incorporation of biotic variables, this study validates the inclusion of relevant biotic factors in ecological niche modeling to increase model accuracy.
Keywords: boreal forest; Catharus thrushes; ecological niche divergence; ecological speciation; niche modeling; sister species