Introduction - J. P. Hart (Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany, 1999)
Keywords: anthropology

Maize Agriculture Evolution in the Eastern Woodlands of North America: A Darwinian Perspective - J. P. Hart (Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 1999)
David Rindos' coevolution theory remains the most comprehensive application of Darwinian theory to issues of prehistoric agriculture evolution. While his theory has drawn attention, there has been a lack of subsequent development of the application of Darwinian theory to prehistoric agricultural evolution. Combining Sewall Wright's shifting balance theory of evolution with aspects of Rindos' coevolution theory provides important new insights into the processes of crop transmission between regions. Using these theories, a model is developed for the adoption and subsequent evolution of maize agriculture in the Eastern Woodlands of North America.
Keywords: e evolution; Eastern Woodlands; maize agricultur; shifting balance theory

Catalog of the New York Minerals of the New York State Mueusm - 1999 Supplement: New York State Museum Open File Report 8m211 - W. M. Kelly; Inman, C. G.; M. Hawkins (1999)
Keywords: geology

Seismic Reflection and Vibracoring Studies of the Continental Shelf Offshore Central and Western Long Island, New York - W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R.; Harsch, A. A. (Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 1999)
The ridge-and-swale topography on the continental shelf south of Fire Island, New York, is characterized by northeast-trending linear shoals that are shore attached and shore oblique on the inner shelf and isolated and shore parallel on the middle shelf. High-resolution seismic reflection profiles show that the ridges and swales occur independent of, and are not controlled by, the presence of internal structures (for example, filled tidal inlet channels, paleobarrier strata) or underlying structure (for example, high-relief Cretaceous unconformity). Grab samples of surficial sediments on the shelf south of Fire Island average 98 % sand. Locally, benthic fauna increase silt and clay content through fecal pellet production or increase the content of gravel-size material by contribution of their fragmented shell remains. Surficial sand on the ridges is unimodal at 0.33 mm (medium sand, about 50 mesh), and surficial sand in troughs is bimodal at 0.33 mm and 0.15 mm (fine sand, about 100 mesh). In addition to seismic studies, 26 vibracores were recovered from the continental shelf in state and federal waters from south of Rockaway and Long Beaches, Long Island, New York. Stratigraphic and sedimentological data gleaned from these cores were used to outline the geologic framework in the study area. A variety of sedimentary features were noted in the cores, including burrow-mottled sections of sand in a finer silty-sand, rhythmic lamination of sand and silty-sand that reflect cyclic changes in sediment transport, layers of shell hash and shells that probably represent tempestites, and changes from dark color to light color in the sediments that probably represent changes in the oxidation reduction conditions in the area with time. The stratigraphic units identified are an upper, generally oxidized,nearshore facies, an underlying fine-to medium-sand and silty-clay unit considered to be an estuarine facies, and a lower, coarse-grained, deeply oxidized, cross-laminated preHolocene unit. Grain-size analysis shows that medium-to fine-grained sand makes up most (68-99 %) of the surficial sediments. Gravel exists in trace amounts up to 19 %. Silt ranges between 3 % and 42 %, and clay ranges from 1 % to 10 %.
Keywords: continental shelf; New York; ridge-and-swale topography; seismic reflection; vibracoring

The Janes Who Made the Planes: Grumman in World War II - Kleinegger, C. (The Long Island Historical Journal, 1999)
Keywords: history

Histological Analysis of Mantle-cavity Ciliates in Dreissena polymorpha: Their Location, Symbiotic Relationship, and Distinguishing Morphological Characteristics - Laruelle, F.; D. P. Molloy; Fokin, S. I.; M. A. Ovcharenko (Journal of Shellfish Research, 1999)
Four families of trematodes were observed in histological sections during a 1992–1997 investigation of the parasites of zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha. These included Aspidogastridae, i.e., Aspidogaster, Echinostomatidae, Bucephalidae, i.e., Bucephalus polymorphus, and Gorgoderidae, i.e., Phyllodistomum folium. This article describes the precise location of these trematodes in the tissues of D. polymorpha, provides graphic evidence of their effect on the organs they inhabit, and highlights the distinguishing morphological characteristics. Evidence of defense reaction of host to trematode infection, i.e., encapsulation of Aspidogaster and nacrezation of B. polymorphus, is also presented and is the first such report for zebra mussels. The histological photomicrographs included represent the first comprehensive series published on trematode infection of zebra mussels. These images, in conjunction with the morphological descriptions presented, should assist researchers in identifying the 4 major trematode taxa that they are likely to encounter in the tissue sections of zebra mussels.
Keywords: Dreissena polymorpha; histological sections; Parasites; trematodes; Zebra mussels

Cultural Resouces Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 4034.52.101, NY 5 from Conrail to Tonawanda Creek, Town of Batavia, Genesee County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1382.20.101, BIN 1-02879-0, NY 73 over West Branch of Ausable River, Town of North Elba, Essex County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2018.60.121, NY 28 to NY 12 to Moose River, Towns of Boonville, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 4034.52.101, NY 5: 100 meters east of Conrail to Tonawanda Creek, City of Batavia, Genesee County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9095.46.101, Route 10, Villages of Hobart and Stamford, Towns of Stamford and Harpersfield, Delaware County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Lamb Site Pollen and Macro-fossils - N. G. Miller (The Lamb Site: A Pioneering Clovis Encampment, 1999)
Keywords: anthropology biology

Late-Quaternary History of the Alpine Flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains - N. G. Miller; Spear, R. W. (Geographie Physique et Quaternaire, 1999)
A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.
Keywords: alpine tundra; alpine zone; bryophytes; Lakes of the Clouds; late- Quaternary distribution; Mount Washington.; New Hampshire; plant macrofossils; pollen; vascular plants; White Mountains

Pleurocladula albescens in the Late-Pleistocene of Vermont, U.S.A., and on the Rarity of Hepaticae in Glacial Sediments - N. G. Miller (Haussknechtia Beih., 1999)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Are Invasive Plants Really a Serious Danger to native Plants and Habitats - R. S. Mitchell (Wildflower, 1999)
Keywords: biology

New North American Records of Aquatic Insects as Paratenic Hosts of Pheromermis (Nematoda: Mermithidae) - D. P. Molloy; Vinikour, W. S.; Anderson, R. V. (Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1999)
Several species of aquatic insects in Trout Park Nature Preserve (Elgin, IL) were observed to have small, black spots (<0.1 mm diameter) visible within their bodies. Microscopic examination revealed these spots to be coiled juveniles of a mermithid (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Based on host habitat (seepage areas and rivulets), host species (aquatic insects), and size (mean diameter of coiled juveniles = 79 μm), it is likely that these mermithids were in the genus Pheromermis. Since adult mermithids were not found, species determination was not feasible, and the possibility of a new species cannot be ruled out. Pheromermis pachysoma and Pheromermis vesparum, however, are two species known to use aquatic insects as paratenic (i.e., transport) hosts in order to reach their definitive hosts, vespid wasps. Wasp larvae are infected by consuming the flesh of adult aquatic insects that contain the coiled juveniles of these Pheromermis spp. Of the 19 macroinvertebrate species examined in this study, Pheromermis juveniles were found in 4 caddisfly species (Hesperophylax designatus, Lepidostoma liba, Glossosoma intermedium, and Diplectrona modesta) and in 2 stonefly species (Clioperla clio and Amphinemura delosa). In addition to all 6 insect species being new host records for Pheromermis infection, this also represents the first report of nematode infection in stoneflies within the Western Hemisphere and of a Pheromermis sp. in Illinois. Among trophic groups, insect detritivores have been frequently recorded infected with coiled Pheromermis juveniles because of their direct consumption of eggs, and we also observed this for detritivores in our investigation (e.g., L. liba and A. delosa). Because C. clio was intensively infected, however, our study also provided evidence that predatory insects can be paratenic hosts. Coiled juveniles were typically present in muscle and fat body and present in almost all body regions. Not every infected paratenic host had external signs of infection; thus, dissections are required for accurate determination of infection prevalence and intensity. Our findings, in conjunction with those made in previous studies, indicate that a wide variety of aquatic insects may be used as paratenic hosts by Pheromermis. Because of their small size, it is highly likely that coiled juveniles are either overlooked or mistaken for melanized integumental wounds during field studies of aquatic insects. A more careful inspection for these coiled juveniles in aquatic insects, especially detritivores and their predators in seepage areas, would probably reveal that Pheromermis is far more common than presently documented.
Keywords: Amphinemura delosa; Clioperla clio; Diplectrona modesta; Glossosoma intermedium; Hesperophylax designatus; Lepidostoma liba; Pheromermis pachysoma; Pheromermis vesparum; prevalence and intensity of infection

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey of PIN 1347.07.122, Selkirk Bypass NY 396 from US 9W to NY 144, Town of Bethlehem, Albany County, New York - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3022.32.121, NY 437 over Owasco Creek, Towns of Fleming and Owasco, Oswego County, New York. - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3804.06.121, Bartell Road Fishing Access Site, Interstate Bridge Deck Project, Town of Clay, Onondaga County, New York and Town of Hastings, Oswego County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Plan, Schoharie Creek II Site, Route 7 over Schoharie Creek, Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report for PIN 1753.50.121, Middle Line Road, Town of Ballston, Saratoga County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report for the Schoharie Creek II Site, PIN 9306.56.121, Route 7 over Schoharie Creek, Town of Schoharie, Schoharie, New York - C. B. Rieth (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9125.05.121, Routes 30/30A Intersection and Vrooman Corners Intersection, Town of Schoharie, Schoharie County, New York - C. B. Rieth (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Report for OGS # 40693-C, Perimeter Fence, Highland Residential Center, Town of Lloyd, Ulster County, New York - J. Ross; J. S. Cardinal (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Addendum to PIN 2009.13.121, NY 167 over Barge Canal and Mohawk River, City of Little Falls, Herkimer County, New York. - V. A. Schmitt; M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 2009.12.121, NY 167 over Barge Canal and Mohawk River, City of Little Falls, NY - V. A. Schmitt; M.S. LoRusso (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The identities of Platanthera hyperborea and P. huronensis, with the description of a new species from North America - C. J. Sheviak (Lindleyana, 1999)
Keywords: Anatomy and morphology; Chromosome numbers; EnIcones; Platanthera aquilonis

Platanthera hyperborea and a Reappraisal of Green Platantheras - C. J. Sheviak (North American Native Orchid Journal, 1999)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report for PIN 2016.53.101, NY 12 Realignment, Town of Paris, Oneida County, New York--Ormsby Farm Site (NYSM site 10808) - J. Sopko (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1460.33.121, NY 32 over the Barge Canal, Village of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York - J. Sopko (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 1460.31.101 NY 32 from County Route 301 to 308, NYSM Sites 366 Winnie IV and 10439 Long-Louck, Town of New Scotland, Albany County, New York - J. Sopko (1999)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Railroad Crossing Elimination Project in Elmira - G. Stein (Journal of the Chemung County Historical Society, 1999)
Keywords: history

Silas Watson Ford: A Major But Little-known Contributor to the Cambrian Paleontology of North America - L. VanAller Hernick (Earth Sciences History, 1999)
Silas Watson Ford (1848-1895), telegrapher and paleontologist born in Glenville, New York, in 1848, made significant contributions to Cambrian paleontology from 1871 to 1888. The focus of his work was the allochthonous Taconic rock that lies east of the Hudson River in easternmost New York. His discovery of a ‘Primordial’ fauna in this region was instrumental in helping to resolve the uncertainty surrounding the age of this older portion of the Taconics. While most of his papers were published in the American Journal of Science, a series of seven papers on the ‘Silurian Age’ was published by the New York Tribune in 1879. For this work he was subsequently awarded an honorary master's degree by Union College. Ford was hired by his contemporary, Charles Doolittle Walcott (1850-1927), to work for the U.S. Geological Survey from 1884 to 1885. Highly regarded by James Hall (1811-1898), James Dwight Dana (1813-1895), Joachim Barrande (1799-1883), and many other prominent geologists of the time, he was often consulted for his expertise in collecting and describing Cambrian-age fossils. While Walcott's career continued to flourish, Ford faded into obscurity after 1888. Plagued by personal problems, he was forced to give up his personal library, his fossil collection, and finally, his career. He died in 1895 at the age of 47, with his passing virtually unnoticed by his professional colleagues.
Keywords: Cambrian paleontology; history of science; New York; Silas Watson Ford

A New Species of Perrotia from Taiwan - Wang, Y. Z.; J. H. Haines (Mycotaxon, 1999)
Keywords: biology

Distributions of lake fish in the Northeast: I. Centrarchidae, Percidae, Esocidae and Moronidae - Whittier, T. R.; Halliwell, D. B.; R. A. Daniels (Northeastern Naturalist, 1999)
Using data collected at 203 randomly selected lakes in eight states in northeastern USA, we present maps of distributions and native status for 22 fish species generally characteristic of warm water lakes, mostly water-column feeders, belonging to four families: Centrarchidae (sunfish and bass), Esocidae (pike and pickerel), Moronidae (white perch), and Percidae (yellow perch, walleye, and darters). Pumpkinseed and yellow perch were the most widespread species in our survey, collected in 74% and 72% of lakes, respectively. Five centrarchid species- large-mouth bass, bluegill, small mouth bass, black crappie, and rock bass-were collected in 55%, 32%, 31%, 22%, and 15% of the sampled lakes, respectively, and were judged as non-native in the majority of those lakes. Chain pickerel, white perch, redbreast sunfish, and tessellate darter were collected in 45%, 19%, 14%, and 10% of lakes. The remaining species were taken in <10% of the sampled lakes. Physical (surface area, depth, elevation), chemical (pH, total phosphorus), and watershed disturbance characteristics of the lakes show distinct species-specific patterns.
Keywords: Centrarchidae; distributions; Esocidae; fish species; Moronidae; native status; Percidae; warm water lakes

A New Foliicolous Lachnum from Taiwan - Wu, M-L.; J. H. Haines (Mycotaxon, 1999)
Keywords: biology

The Genera of Inuleae (Compositae; Asteraceae) in the Southeastern United States - Arriagada, J. E. (Harvard Papers in Botany, 1998)
Keywords: biology

Caledonian eclogite-facies metamorphism of Early Proterozoic Protoliths from the North-East Greenland Eclogite Province - Brueckner, H. K.; Gilotti, J. A.; Nutman, A. P. (Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 1998)
High-pressure metamorphic assemblages occur in mafic, ultramafic and a few intermediate rocks in a gneiss complex that covers an area of approximately 400 × 100 km in the North-East Greenland Caledonides. Detailed petrologic and geochronologic studies were carried out on three samples in order to clarify the P-T-t evolution of this eclogite province. Geothermobarometry yields temperature estimates of 700–800 °C and pressure estimates of at least 1.5 GPa from an eclogite sensu stricto and as high as 2.35 GPa for a garnet websterite. The eclogite defines a garnet-clinopyroxene-amphibole-whole rock Sm-Nd isochron age of 405 ± 24 Ma (MSWD 0.9). Isofacial garnet websterites define garnet-clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene-amphibole-whole rock-(biotite) ages of 439 ± 8 Ma (MSWD =2.1) for a coarse-grained sample and 370 ± 12 Ma (MSWD=0.6) for a finer-grained variety. Overgrowths on zircons from the fine-grained pyroxenite and the eclogite give a pooled 206Pb/238U SHRIMP age of 377 ± 7 Ma (n=4). Significantly younger Rb-Sr biotite ages of 357 ± 8, 330 ± 6 and 326 ± 6 agree with young Rb-Sr, K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar mineral ages from the gneiss complex and indicate slow cooling of the eclogitic rocks. High-pressure metamorphism may have been at least 439 Ma old (Siluro-Ordovician) with cooling through amphibolite-facies conditions in the Devonian and continued crustal thinning and exhumation well into the Carboniferous. Sm-Nd whole rock model ages indicate the eclogite protoliths are Early Proterozoic in age, while 207Pb/206Pb SHRIMP ages of 1889 ± 18 and 1981 ± 8 from anhedral zircon cores probably reflect Proterozoic metasomatism. The samples have negative ɛNd values (−5 to −16) and elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708–0.715), consistent with field evidence that the eclogite protoliths were an integral part of the continental crust long before Caledonian metamorphism. The presence of a large Caledonian eclogite terrane in Greenland requires modification of current tectonic models that postulate subduction of Baltica beneath Laurentia during the Caledonian orogeny.
Keywords: geology

Field and Laboratory Studies of Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Infection by the Ciliate Conchophthirus acuminatus in the Republic of Belarus - Burlakova, L. E.; Karatayev, A. Y.; D. P. Molloy (Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 1998)
This study quantifies the infection prevalence and intensity of the European, commensal, host-specific ciliateConchophthirus acuminatus(Scuticociliatida: Conchophthiridae) in five zebra mussel populations within the Republic of Belarus. Laboratory and field experiments were also conducted to assess variables affecting infection.C. acuminatuswas found in zebra mussels in all five waterbodies sampled: Naroch, Myastro, and Lukomskoe Lakes, Skema Stream, and in the Svisloch River. Prevalence was always 100%, with the exception of shallow areas (≤0.5 m depth) in the Svisloch River. This was possibly the result of the elimination of the majority of infected zebra mussels each winter by a combination of factors, including ice scour, mallard duck predation, and fluctuating water levels. As a result, zebra mussels are not permanently present at shallow depths, and the mussels that we randomly sampled there during the summer were thus smaller (i.e., younger) and less infected than those present in deeper sections of the river. This is the first study to quantify the intensity ofConchophthirusinfection in zebra mussels. When infection prevalence was 100%, it was not uncommon for zebra mussels to have 500–2,000C. acuminatusin their mantle cavities, particularly those mussels ca. 15–30 mm in length. Zebra mussels, while relatively small bivalves, have one of the highest intensities ever reported for ciliates in the order Scuticociliatida. Infection intensity correlated directly with mussel length (range inr2 = 0.83–0.92). Transinfection of zebra mussels withC. acuminatuswas achieved both in the laboratory and field, and represented the first successful trials to initiate protozoan infection inDreissena.Laboratory experiments demonstrated thatC. acuminatusrapidly leave their dying zebra mussel hosts, and this suggested that these mussels are likely a major source for the spread ofC. acuminatusinfection. Field trials indicated that the presence of mussels with high intensity infections can cause an increase in the levels of infection (both prevalence and intensity) in other zebra mussels in their microhabitat.
Keywords: Conchophthiridae; Dreissenidae.; Infection intensity; Infection prevalence

Final Report, Onondaga County, Fiscal Year 1997, New York State Geological Survey Environmental Services Technical Report 98-001 - D. H. Cadwell; Nottis, G. N.; Gerhard, D. (1998)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 2057.28.101, Route 13, Village of Chittenango, Town of Sullivan, Madison County, New York--Addendum - J. S. Cardinal; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Survey Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2018.85.121, Addendum NY 28, Countryman Road to Village of Middleville Line, Towns of Herkimer and Newport, Herkimer County, New York. - J. S. Cardinal (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

The Washington Square Mound Site: A Middle Caddo Mound Complex in South Central East Texas - Corbin, J. A.; J. P. Hart (Texas Archaeological Society Bulletin, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

Complex Pedostratigraphy of a Terrace Fragipan at the Memorial Park Site, Central Pennsylvania - Cremeens, D. L.; J. P. Hart; Darmody, R. G. (Geoarchaeology, 1998)
A fragipan (Bxb horizon) encountered during the excavation of a multicomponent archaeological site buried on an alluvial terrace in central Pennsylvania was evaluated to determine the degree of development, pedostratigraphy, and age. Based on the horizon thickness, and the degree of development of adjacent horizons, we believe that the fragipan was weakly developed. Two to three buried A horizons (Ab) occurred within the Bxb, thus, the fragipan formed in a cumulative, or fluvent, type alluvial landscape and postdates the Ab horizons overprinted by it. The buried soils were associated with stratified cultural remains. Artifact and radiocarbon ages indicate that the fragipan formed in the last 4500 years. Fragipan-containing soils on alluvial terraces should be investigated for buried soils and associated stratified cultural remains overprinted by subsequent pedogenesis.
Keywords: alluvial terrace; buried A horiqon; Fragipan; Geoarchaeology; pedostratigraphy; soils

Changes in the Distribution of Stream-Dwelling Crayfishes in the Schoharie Creek System, Eastern New York State. - R. A. Daniels (Northeastern Naturalist, 1998)
Changes in the distribution of crayfishes in the Schoharie Creek drainage, eastern New York State, are assessed, based on historical records and surveys conducted in 1982-83 and 1996. The native crayfish assemblage in this region probably consisted of only three species: Cambarus bartonii, C. robustus, and Orconectes propinquus. In 1982-83, six crayfishes (C bartonii, C. robustus, O. immunis, O. obscurus, O. propinquus, and O. rusticus) were collected in the drainage. In 1996, all the crayfishes except O. obscurus were found again, and an additional species (O. virilis) was captured at one site. Between the two survey periods, O. rusticus markedly expanded its range, while the range of O. propinquus decreased and the relative abundance of other species declined. The habitat use of each species is examined.
Keywords: crayfish; expansion; habitat; survey

Fish Scale Evidence for Rapid Post Glacial Recolonization of an Atlantic Coastal Pond - R. A. Daniels; D. Peteet (Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 1998)
Fish scales from the sediment of Allamuchy Pond, New Jersey, USA, indicate that fishes were present in the pond within 400 years of the time of the first deposition of organic material, at ≈ 12, 600 years BP. The earliest of the scales, from a white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, appears in sediment dated 12,260±220 years BP. Presence of scales in sediment deposited before 10,000 years BP indicates that Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, sunfish, Lepomis sp., and yellow perch, Perca flavescens, were also early inhabitants of the pond. The timing of the arrival of each of these fishes suggests that they migrated out from Atlantic coastal refugia. A minnow scale, referred to Phoxininae, was also retrieved; it could not be matched to any cyprinid currently found in northeastern North America. The species present historically in this pond are from five families found currently in ponds throughout the North-east and suggest that the lentic palaeo-environment was similar to present midelevation or high-latitude lentic systems.
Keywords: Atlantic coastal refugia; Catostomus commersoni; fish scales; Perca flavescens; Phoxininae

New Uppermost Cambrian U-Pb Date from Avalonian Wales and Age of the Cambrian-Ordovician Boundary - Davidek, K. E.; E. Landing; Bowring, S. A.; Westrop, S. R.; Rushton, A. W. A.; Fortey, R. A.; Adrian, J. M. (Geological Magazine, 1998)
A crystal-rich volcaniclastic sandstone in the lower Peltura scarabaeoides Zone at Ogof-ddû near Criccieth, North Wales, yields a U–Pb zircon age of 491±1 Ma. This late Late Cambrian date indicates a remarkably young age for the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary whose age must be less than 491 Ma. Hence the revised duration of the post-Placentian (trilobite-bearing) Cambrian indicates that local trilobite zonations allow a biostratigraphic resolution comparable to that provided by Ordovician graptolites and Mesozoic ammonites.
Keywords: Cambrian–Ordovician boundary; Late Cambrian; North Wales; U–Pb zircon age

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1124.33.101, NY 23 and 23A, Town of Prattsville, Greene County, New York. - N. L. Davis; J. S. Cardinal; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3752.33.101, Black Creek Bridge/Erie Canal, Town of Clay, Onondaga County, New York - N. L. Davis; V. A. Schmitt; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7004.05.101, Route 37B, Town of Louisville and Massena, St. Lawrence County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso; T. Thomas; Kahn, B. (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8006.48.101, NY 17 at Exit 122, Town of Wallkill, Orange County, New York - N. L. Davis (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 1124.33.101, NY 23 and 23A Intersection, Town of Prattsville, Greene County, New York - N. L. Davis; J. S. Cardinal; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2044.61.121, NY Route 30 from Amsterdam City Line to Fulton County Line, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York. - R. Dean; N. L. Davis (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN HMLA.00.201, State Dam Road, Aider Creek, Town of Boonville, Oneida County, New York. - R. Dean (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2044.61.121, Route 30 from Amsterdam City Line to Fulton County Line, Town of Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York - R. Dean; N. L. Davis (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3082.14.121, Route 290, Manlius Center, Onondaga County, New York. - R. Dean (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 9044.39.101, NY 30 over Schoharie Creek, Hamlet of North Blenheim, Town of Blenheim, Schoharie County, New York - R. Dean; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 1043.20.121, Site 4 of the J. Marvin House and the Associated Site # 10658, US Route 9, City of Saratoga Springs, Saratoga County, New York - R. Dean (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 3019.14.121, Alvord Plaster Mill Site, Route 173 and 91, Jamesville Hill, Village of Jamesville, Town of DeWitt, Onondaga County, New York - R. Dean (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Dynamics of Zebra Mussel Oxygen Demand in the Seneca River, New York - Effler, S.W.; Boone, S.R.; C. A. Siegfried; Ashby, S.L. (Environmental Science and Technology, 1998)
The magnitude and dynamics of oxygen depletion from zebra mussel metabolism for a severely infested 1.4 km section of the Seneca River, NY, is documented for a 3-month period of 1994, based on hourly measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations at an upstream site and a downstream site and mass balance calculations. The average areal zebra mussel oxygen demand (ZOD) in the study section during a 30-day low-flow period (population density ∼40 000 individuals m-2) was 39.4 g m-2 d-1. The average value of ZOD for the same 30-day period, normalized for zebra mussel biomass mass (42.4 mg of O2 (g of zebra mussel)-1 d-1), compares favorably to recently reported oxygen consumption rates from laboratory experiments, sup porting its application elsewhere to accommodate the effects on oxygen resources of invaded systems. Values of ZOD varied greatly during the study reflecting responses of the invader to changes in ambient conditions, including flow and a major decrease in the population.
Keywords: mass balance; oxygen demand; oxygen depletion; Zebra mussels

Tributary Water Quality Feedback from the Spread of Zebra Mussels: Oswego River, NY - Effler, S.W.; C. A. Siegfried (Journal of Great Lakes Research, 1998)
Dramatic changes in the water quality of the Oswego River system, including Oswego Harbor, since the early 1990s brought about by zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation are documented. The analysis is based on summertime (June to September) water quality monitoring of the Oswego Harbor (1981 and 1993), the mouth of the Oswego River (1983 to 1993), and three upstream sites in the Oswego River system (1990, 1991, and 1994), and two benthic surveys conducted along a 70 km reach of the system to the mouth of the Oswego River in 1994. It is estimated that water in the Oswego River was filtered more than twice over this length by the mussels in 1994 (at median flow) before it reached Oswego Harbor. The zebra mussel infestation converted the Oswego River and the harbor from a turbid (low clarity), phytoplankton-rich, nutrient-depleted system, to a system with distinctly greater clarity, reduced phytoplankton concentrations, enriched in soluble reactive phosphorus. Most of this impact was attributable to dense zebra mussel populations (e.g., ∼ 30,000 indiv/m2) in a 5 km river section, located > 60 km upstream of Oswego Harbor. These changes in tributary water quality represent a form of feedback associated with the spread of the zebra mussel from the Laurentain Great Lakes. Increased attached algae growth in the Great Lakes proximate to the inflow of infested tributaries is a reasonable expectation in response to the more available form of the phosphorous load.
Keywords: chlorophyll; nutrients; river; tributary; turbidity; water quality; Zebra mussels

Tsivat Basin Conduit System persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska - Fleisher, P. J.; D. H. Cadwell; Muller, E. H. (Geological Society of America Bulletin, 1998)
The 1993–1995 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, occurred in two distinct phases. Phase 1 of the surge began on the eastern sector in July, 1993 and ended in July, 1994 after a powerful outburst of subglacial meltwater into Tsivat Lake basin on the north side of Weeping Peat Island. Within days, jökulhlaup discharge built a 1.5 km2 delta of ice blocks (25–30 m) buried in outwash. By late October 1994, discharge temporarily shifted to a vent on Weeping Peat Island, where a second smaller outburst dissected the island and built two new sandar. During phase 2, which began in spring 1995 and ended within five months, continuous discharge issued from several vents along the ice front on Weeping Peat Island before returning to the Tsivat Basin. Surge-related changes include a five- to six-fold increase in meltwater turbidity; the redirection of supercooled water in two ice-contact lakes; and an increase in the rate of glaciolacustrine sedimentation. U.S. Geological Survey aerial photos by Austin Post show large ice blocks in braided channels indicating excessive subglacial discharge in a similar position adjacent to Weeping Peat Island during the 1966–1967 surge. During the subsequent three decades of retreat, the location of ice-marginal, subglacial discharge vents remained aligned on a linear trend that describes the position of a persistent subglacial conduit system. The presence of a major conduit system, possibly stabilized by subglacial bedrock topography, is suggested by (1) high-level subglacial meltwater venting along the northern side of Weeping Peat Island during the 1966–1967 surge, (2) persistent low-level discharge between surges, and (3) the recurrence of localizing meltwater outbursts associated with both phases of the 1993–1995 surge.
Keywords: Alaska; Bering Glacier; glacier; meltwater turbidit; surge

Archaeological Investigations in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York State, Volume 2 - Funk, R. E. (Persimmon Press, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

The Crandall-Wells Locality - Funk, R. E.; Wellman, B. (Archaeological Investigations in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York State, Volume 2, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

Partial Eclogitization of the Ambolten Gabbro-norite, North-east Greenland Caledonides - Gilotti, J. A.; Elvevold, S. (Bulletin Suisse de Mineralogie et Petrographie, 1998)
Partially eclogitized igneous bodies composed of gabbro, leucogabbro, anorthosite and cross-cutting diabase dikes are well represented in the North-East Greenland Eclogite Province. A 200 x 100 meter intrusive body on Ambolten Island (78?? 20' N, 19?? 15' W) records a prograde transition from gabbro-norite to eclogite facies coronitic metagabro-norite surrounded by hydrated margins of undeformed to strongly foliated amphibolite. Igneous plagioclase + olivine + enstatite + augite + oxides convert to eclogite facies assemblages consisting of garnet, omphacite, diopside, enstatite, kyanite, zoisite, rutile and pargasitic amphibole through several coronitic reactions. Relict cumulus plagioclase laths are replaced by an outer corona of garnet, an inner corona of omphacite and an internal region of sodic plagioclase, garnet, kyanite, omphacite and zoisite. Olivine and intercumulus pyroxene are partly replaced by metamorphic pyroxenes and amphibole. The corona structures, zoning patterns, diversity of mineral compositions in a single thin section, and preservation of metastable asemblages are characteristic of diffusion-controlled metamorphism. The most extreme disequilibrium is found in static amphibolites, where igneous pyroxenes, plagioclase domains with eclogite facies, assemblages, and matrix amphibole coexist. Complete eclogitization was not attained at Ambolten due to a lack of fluids needed to drive diffusion during prograde and retrograde metamorphism. The P-T conditions of the high-pressure metamorphism are estimated at ??? 750??C and > 18 kbar. Well-equilibrated, foliated amphibolites from the margin of the gabbro-norite supports our contention that the entire North-East Greenland Eclogite Province experienced Caledonian high-pressure metamorphism, even though no eclogite facies assemblages have been found in the quartzofeldspathic host gneisses to date.
Keywords: anorthosite; cross-cutting diabase dikes; eclogitized igneous bodies; gabbro; leucogabbro; North-East Greenland

Progressive Mylonitization of Diabase Along a Major Thrust Fault - Gilotti, J. A. (Fault-related Rocks: A Photographic Atlas, 1998)
Keywords: geology

Classification of Freshwater Fishes of the Northeastern United States for Eses in the Development of Indices of Biological Integrity, With Regional Applications - Halliwell, D. B.; Langdon, R.; R. A. Daniels; Kurtenbach, J.; Jacobsen, R. (Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities, 1998)
Keywords: biology

Long-Tail: The Panther in Huron-Wyandot and Seneca Myth, Ritual and Material Culture - G. R. Hamell (Icons of Power: Feline Symbolism in the Americas, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

New York State Education Department, Cultural Resources Survey Program, Work Scope Specifications for Cultural Resource Investigations on New York State Department of Transportation Projects - J. P. Hart (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Sensitivity Assessment for Prehistoric Sites PIN 5101.53.121 U.S. Route 219 Erie and Cattaraugus Counties, New York. - J. P. Hart (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Preface - Johnson, M. E.; E. Landing (Silurian Cycles: Linkages of Dynamic Stratigraphy with Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Tectonic Changes, 1998)
Keywords: geology

Rediscovery of Brookite at Indian Ladder, NY - W. M. Kelly; M. Hawkins; S. H. Schimmrich (Rocks & Minerals, 1998)
Keywords: geology

Avalon 1997 - The Cambrian Standard. Third International Field Conference of the Cambrian Chronostratigraphy Working Group and I.G.C.P. Project 366 (Ecological Aspects of the Cambrian Radiation). - E. Landing; Westrop, S.R. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1998)
Keywords: geology

Avalon 1997-A Pre-meeting Viewpoint - E. Landing (AVALON 1997-The Cambrian standard. Third International Field Conference of the Cambrian Chronostratigraphy Working Group and I.G.C.P. Project 366 (Ecological Aspects of the Cambrian Radiation), 1998)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Cambrian Faunal Sequence and Depositional History of Avalonian Newfoundland and New Brunswick: Field Workshop - E. Landing; Westrop, S. R. (Avalon 1997-The Cambrian standard. Third International Field Conference of the Cambrian Chronostratigraphy Working Group and I.G.C.P. Project 366 (Ecological Aspects of the Cambrian Radiation), 1998)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Cambrian Subdivisions and Correlations: Introduction - E. Landing (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1998)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Duration of the Early Cambrian: U-Pb Ages of Volcanic Ashes from Avalon and Gondwana - E. Landing; Bowring, S. A.; Davidek, K. L.; Westrop, S. R.; G. Geyer; Heldmaier , W. (Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 1998)
Volcanic zircons from three ashes give a U-Pb date of 511 ± 1 Ma on trilobite-bearing, upper Lower Cambrian (upper Branchian Series) strata of southern New Brunswick that correlate into the Siberian middle Botomian - Toyonian Stage interval. This very young age on the late, but not latest, Early Cambrian of Avalon is consistent both with a 519 ± 1 Ma age on the older Caerfai Bay Shales of south Wales that are tentatively correlated into strata with the oldest Avalonian trilobites (lower Branchian) and with a 517 ± 1.5 Ma age on the Antatlasia gutta-pluviae Zone (trilobites) of Morocco. Determination of a 522 ± 2 Ma zircon age on the Moroccan subtrilobitic Lower Cambrian Lie de vin Formation is consistent with an earlier reported 521 ± 7 Ma age from the Lie de vin but suggests that a 526 ± 4 Ma age on Australian trilobite-bearing Lower Cambrian rocks may be too old. A 33+ Ma duration of the Avalonian Early Cambrian and an 8+ Ma length of the Avalonian trilobite-bearing Lower Cambrian support proposals that most Cambrian time was Early Cambrian and the majority of the Early Cambrian was pretrilobitic.
Keywords: trilobites; upper Lower Cambrian; Volcanic zircons

No Evidence for Cycles in Wave-dominated Tribes Hill Formation (Lower Ordovician, East-central New York) - E. Landing (Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, 1998)
Keywords: geology

Revisions in Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Cambrian of Avalonian North America and Comparisons with Avalonian Britain - E. Landing; Westrop, S. R. (Avalon 1997-The Cambrian standard. Third International Field Conference of the Cambrian Chronostratigraphy Working Group and I.G.C.P. Project 366 (Ecological Aspects of the Cambrian radiation), 1998)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Silurian Cycles - Linkages of Dynamic Stratigraphy with Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Tectonic Changes - E. Landing; Johnson, M. E. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1998)
Keywords: geology

Atrichum tenellum – New State Record in Maine - L. Leonardi (Evansia, 1998)

Steaming on the Mohawk: The Unknown Battle - P. Lord Jr. (Steamboat Bill: The Journal of the Steamship Historical Society of America, 1998)
Keywords: history

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2057.28.101, Rte 13, Village of Chittenango, Town of Sullivan, Madison County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso; J. S. Cardinal (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3043.58.121, US 11 over Little Salmon River, Town of Mexico, Oswego County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso; M. Pickands (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Report for the Betsy Prince and Prince-Miller Site, NY 25A Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 0006.881, Pre-Reconnaissance Survey of Route 22: I-684 to NY Route 55, Towns of Pawling, Patterson and Southeast, Dutchess and Putnam Counties - M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1753.87.121, Third Street and Third Avenue, City of Rensselaer, Rensselaer County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3034.89.121, NY 5 and 20, Division Street and Clark Street, City of Auburn, Cayuga County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 5111.66.101, Eighteen Mile Creek Bridge over Eighteen Mile Creek, HAER Level III Docuementation, Towns of Hamburg and Eden, Erie County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Paleobiology of the Sand Beneath the Valders Diamicton at Valders, Wisconsin - Maher, L. J.,; N. G. Miller; Baker, R. G.; Curry, B. B.; Mickelson, D. M. (Quaternary Research, 1998)
Previously undescribed pollen, plant macrofossils, molluscs, and ostracodes were recovered from a 2.5-m-thick glaciolacustrine unit of silty sand and clay at Valders, Wisconsin. The interstadial sediment was deposited about 12,20014C yr B.P. after retreat of the Green Bay lobe that deposited diamicton of the Horicon Formation, and before advance of the Lake Michigan lobe that deposited the red-brown diamicton of the Valders Member of the Kewaunee Formation. Fluctuations of abundance ofCandona subtriangulata, Cytherissa lacustris,and three other species define four ostracode biozones in the lower 1.7 m, suggesting an open lake environment that oscillated in depth and proximity to glacial ice. Pollen is dominated by Picea and Artemisia,but the low percentages of many other types of long-distance origin suggest that the terrestrial vegetation was open and far from the forest border. The upper part of the sediment, a massive sand deposited in either a shallow pond or a sluggish stream, contains a local concentration of plant macrofossils. The interpretation of a cold open environment is supported by the plant macrofossils of more than 20 species, dominated by those of open mineral soils (Arenaria rubella, Cerastium alpinumtype,Silene acaulis, Sibbaldia procumbens, Dryas integrifolia, Vaccinium uliginosumvar.alpinum, Armeria maritima,etc.) that in North America occur largely in the tundra and open tundra–forest ecotone of northern Canada. Ice-wedge casts occur in the sand.
Keywords: glaciolacustrine deposit; molluscs; ostracodes; plant macrofossils; pollen; Valders; Wiscons

Ancient Earthen Enclosures of the Eastern Woodlands - R. C. Mainfort Jr.; Sullivan, L. P. (Florida Museum of Natural History, Ripley P. Bullen Series, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

Explaining Earthen Enclosures - R. C. Mainfort Jr.; Sullivan, L. P. (Ancient Earthen Enclosures of the Eastern Woodlands, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

Explaining Earthen Enclosures - R. C. Mainfort Jr.; Sullivan, L. P. (Ancient Earthen Enclosures of the Eastern Woodlands, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

The Larva of Hypena manalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Hypeninae) - T. L. McCabe; Vargas, V. (Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 1998)
The larval food plant of Hypena manalis (Walker) proves to be bog hemp, Boehmeria cylindrica (L.). Partly grown larvae rejected stinging nettle, Urtica dioica (L.). The mature larva of H. manalis is described and illustrated. It is compared to larvae of H. bijugalis, H. baltimoralis, H. madefactalis, and H. humuli.
Keywords: Boehmeria cylindrica (L.); Hypena manalis (Walker); larva; larval food plants

More on Pyrola minor (Pyrolaceae - N. G. Miller (NYFA (New York Flora Association) Newsletter, 1998)
Keywords: biology

Occurrence of the Leafy Liverwort, Frullania bolanderi, in Old-growth Forests of Northeastern North America - N. G. Miller; Miller, A. D. (Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 1998)
Populations of Frullania bolanderi were discovered on trunks of deciduous treesin an oak-northern hardwoods transitional forest in eastern New York State and a coastal spruce-balsam fir forest in northeastern Maine where this epiphyte, a rarity in eastern North America, was previously unknown. The New York station is in a selectively cut, old-growth remnant that survived from the onset of Euro-American settlement (late 1700s) surrounded by agricultural land for many of the ensuing years. Secondary forest developed later around the remnant as farming declined, beginning early in the 20th century. The forest in which F. bolanderi occurs in Maine was never cleared for agriculture, but conifers were harvested from it at least twice in the 20th century. These new data suggest that forest removal during settlement may explain the rarity of this plant in at least parts of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. It is a potential indicator species of old-growth forest in this region. Study of herbarium specimens establishes that F. bolanderi does not occur in Ohio as previously reported. New stations for it are cited for southern Quebec in the old-growth northern hardwoods forest of the Mont Saint Hilaire Biosphere Reserve near Montreal.
Keywords: Frullania bolanderi; liverwort; Maine; New York; old-growth forests

A Preliminary Catalog of Sterling Forest Plants, Fifth Report - R. S. Mitchell; Barbour, J. G.; Focht, J. (1998)
Keywords: biology

The Potential for Using Biological Control Technologies in the Management of Dreissena spp. - D. P. Molloy (Journal of Shellfish Research, 1998)
Broadly defined, biological control is the use of one species for the suppression of another. Two groups of organisms have potential as Dreissena control agents: selectively toxic microbes and natural enemies. Selectively toxic microbes are naturally occurring soil and water microorganisms that simply by chance happen to be toxic to Dreissena. Applied at artificially high densities to water, the microbial cells per se or their released metabolites are selectively lethal to Dreissena. In contrast, natural enemies are organisms that, by their evolutionary nature, will debilitate or kill Dreissena, including predators, parasites (both multicellular and microbial), and benthic competitors (organisms capable of competitively displacing Dreissena from substrates). Selectively Toxic Microbes: In the short run, these microorganisms represent the most promising candidates as biological control agents, The use of highly-specific, toxic microbes has a clear record of commercial success and environmental safety in the control of invertebrate pests in North America. and strains lethal to Dreissena have been already isolated. Considering how quickly a selectively toxic microbe could move from the laboratory to commercialization, continued research to develop this microbial control strategy is a high priority. Natural Enemies; In North America, as in Eurasia, there will likely be isolated field reports of major impacts by natural enemies, and, on the whole, we will likely see a cumulative effect of a complex of enemies having a constant, but limited, role in naturally suppressing Dreissena populations. In the majority of cases, Dreissena populations will cause economic and ecological effects at densities well below those that their enemies could naturally maintain. This does not mean, however. that certain natural enemies could not be artificially manipulated (e.g., mass produced and released in an inundative fashion) to cause major Dreissena reductions. 1. Parasites: These natural enemies would likely be the most environmentally-safe biocontrol agents, due primarily to their high host specificity. Comprehensive investigations to identify parasites that are strictly specific to Dreissena and that can be economically mass produced are a key research priority. Parasites from Dreissena’s native Eurasian range should be studied to identify species that would be “nearly risk free” candidates for importation into North America. Research to uncover parasites of Dreissena that are already present in North America should be intensified. 2. Predators: Although organisms, such as fish and birds, have sometimes been documented to consume Dreissena at high rates, this does not necessarily mean that they would be effective candidates for use in control programs. Predators are typically not specific enough in their prey choices. A predator introduced to a waterbody from outside its natural range may highly prefer Dreissena as a prey item, but will also consume other aquatic organisms. The consumption of such nontarget prey could potentially have serious, adverse, ecological impacts. 3. Benthic Competitors; In addition to being micro/macrofouling organisms themselves, the lack of specificity of species that can competitively displace Dreissena from substrates (e.g., sponges) significantly reduces their potential as biocontrol agents.
Keywords: benthic competitors; natural enemies; Parasites; predators; quagga mussels; selectively toxic microorganisms; Zebra mussels

Fortified Village or Mortuary Site? Exploring the Use of the Ripley Site - Neusius, S. W.; Sullivan, L. P.; Neusius, P. D.; Milner, C. M. (Ancient Earthen Enclosures of the Eastern Woodlands, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

Unusual Polar Filament Structure in Two Microsporidia from Water Reservoirs with Radionuclide and Organic Pollution - M. A. Ovcharenko; D. P. Molloy; Wita, I. (Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Biology, 1998)
Two species of microsporidia with the unusual polar filament structure were found in Cricotopus silvestris and Microtendipes pedellus larvae which were collected near the zone of influence of the Chernobyl atomic power station (Ukraine) and from a high polluted pond in the Mazurian region of Poland. The first microsporidium had separate unikaryotic spores and was assigned to the family Unikaryonidae Sprague. The diameter of the middle coil of the triple-coiled polar filament of this microsporidium was larger than its two other coils. The observed polar filament was thus neither of isofilar nor of the classical anisofilar type. The second polysporoblastic microsporidium has unikaryotic spores and an uncoiled polar filament and was placed in the family Thelohaniidae Hazard and Oldacre. The rare single macrospores of this microsporidium have a double set of the polar filament complex. The relationship between ultrastructural features of microsporidian spores and water pollution is discussed.
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2134.39.121, NY 5 from High Street to Harp Road, Town of Lenox, Madison County, New York - M. Pickands (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1056.17.101/BIN 1-00487-0 - M. Pickands (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2134.14.121, NY 5 over Canaseraga Creek, Village of Sullivan, Town of Sullivan, Madison County, New York. - M. Pickands (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3015.32.101, NY 3 over Little Sandy Creek, Town of Sandy Creek, Oswego County, New York - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1124.30.121, Site Examination Report for the Catskill I, and Catskill II Sites, Route 23A, Town of Catskill, Greene County, New York. - C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso; A. Gore (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1753.50.121, Middleline Road from Route 50 to Route 67, Town of Ballston, Saratoga County, New York. - C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1090.12.122, Route 443 over the Onesquathaw Creek, Town of New Scotland, Albany County, New York - C. B. Rieth (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1236.14.101, Route 29 from Jockey Street, East Galway to Middle Line Road, North Milton, Towns of Milton and Galway, Saratoga County, New York - C. B. Rieth (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Site Examination Report for PIN 1753.50.121, The Jennings Site, Middleline Road, Town of Ballston, Saratoga County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3047.24.121, Route 96 from Route 5 and 20 to Huff Street, Village of Waterloo, Seneca County, New York - C. B. Rieth; Bliven, R. (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 3752.33.101, Black Creek Bridge/Erie Canal, Town of Clay, Onondaga County, New York. - V. A. Schmitt; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

New Chromosome Number Determinations in Platanthera - C. J. Sheviak; Bracht, M. (North American Native Orchid Journal, 1998)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Data Recovery Plan for the Weaver-Demarest Site, PIN 1089.51.101, NY 4 and 32, Village of Waterford, Town of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York - J. Sopko (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for NY 34 at Turnpike Road, Town of Sennett, Cayuga County, New York - J. Sopko; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1089.51.101, NY 4 and 32, Village of Waterford, Saratoga County, New York - J. Sopko (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3314.32.121, NY 34 @ Turnpike Road Intersection, Town of Sennett, Cayuga County, New York - J. Sopko; N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (1998)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Chemung County Motorcycles: The "Reliance" in Elmira Heights - G. Stein (The Chemung Historical Journal, 1998)
Keywords: history

Chemung County Motorcycles: The "Reliance" in Elmira Heights Part 2 - G. Stein (The Chemung Historical Journal, 1998)
Keywords: history

Motorcycle Production at the Pierce Cycle Company, 1909-1914 - G. Stein (The Arrow, 1998)
Keywords: history

The Street Site (One 44-2) - Wellman, B. (Archaeological Investigations in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York State, Volume 2, 1998)
Keywords: anthropology

Rare Earth Element Metasomatism in Hydrothermal Systems; the Willsboro-Lewis Wollastonite Ores, New York, USA - P. R. Whitney; J. F. Olmsted (Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1998)
Wollastonite ores and garnet-pyroxene skarns in the Willsboro-Lewis district, New York, USA were formed in a complex hydrothermal system associated with the emplacement of a large anorthosite pluton. Contact-metamorphic marbles were replaced by wollastonite, garnet, and clinopyroxene during infiltration metasomatism involving large volumes of water of chiefly meteoric origin. Rare earth elements (REE) in these rocks show large departures from the protolith REE distribution, indicative of substantial REE mobility. Three types of chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns are present. The most common, found in ores and skarns containing andradite-rich garnet, is convex-up in the light REE (LREE) with a maximum at Pr and a positive Eu anomaly. Europium anomalies and Pr/Yb ratios are correlated with XAd in garnet. This pattern (type C) results from uptake of REE from hydrothermal fluids by growing crystals of calcsilicate minerals, principally andradite, with amounts of LREE controlled by the difference in ionic radius between Ca++ and REE3+ in garnet X sites. The Eu anomaly results either from prior interaction of the fluids with plagioclase-rich, Eu-positive anorthositic rocks in and near the ore zone, or by enrichment of divalent Eu on growth surfaces of garnet followed by entrapment, or both. Relative enrichment in heavy REE (type H) occurs in ores and skarn where calcsilicates, including grossularitic garnet, in contact-metamorphic marble have been concentrated by dissolution of calcite. In most cases a negative Eu anomaly is inherited from the marble protolith. Skarns containing titanite and apatite exhibit high total REE, relative light REE enrichment, and negative Eu anomalies (type L). These appear to be intrusive igneous rocks (ferrodiorites or anorthositic gabbros) that have been converted to skarn by Ca metasomatism. REE, sequestered in titanite, apatite, and garnet, preserve the approximate REE distribution pattern of the igneous protolith. Post-ore granulite facies metamorphism homogenized zoned mineral grains without causing complete intergranular reequilibration and does not appear to have significantly affected the whole-rock REE distributions. These results demonstrate that extensive REE metasomatism can occur in hydrothermal systems at shallow to intermediate depths and that REE geochemistry may be useful in discerning the origin of skarns and skarn-related ore deposits.
Keywords: garnet-pyroxene skarns; New York; rare earth elements; Willsboro-Lewis district; wollastonite ores

New Species and Records of Lachnum from Taiwan - Wu, M.-L.; J. H. Haines; Wang, Y.-Z. (Mycotaxon, 1998)
Keywords: biology

The Genera of Anthemideae (Compositae: Asteraceae) in the Southeastern United States - Arriagada, J. E.; N. G. Miller (Harvard Papers in Botany, 1997)
Keywords: biology

New Light on the Old Frontier - Bielinski, S. (Reviews in American History, 1997)
Keywords: history

New Red Species of Lachnum From the Tropics - Cantrell , S. A.; J. H. Haines (Mycological Research 101, 1997)
Two new tropical species of Lachnum with red or reddish hymenia are described. Lachnum euterpes occurs on fronds of the palm Prestoea (= Euterpe) and L. victoriani is described from coriaceous leaves of dicotyledonous trees. A full description of each new species is given along with a brief discussion of the morphological differences distinguishing it from other species with which it could be confused. New combinations in Lachnum are made for the tropical fern-inhabiting species Dasyscyphus ulei and D. chermisinus.
Keywords: biology

Analysis of vibrocores recovered south of Rockaway Beach, Queens County, New York - clues to modern sediment dynamics and Holocene stratigraphic development, New York State Geological Survey Open File Report 8d185 - Coch, N. K.; W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R. (1997)
Keywords: geology

Sedimentological analysis of vibrocores from the near-shore shelf south of Rockaway Beach, Queens County, New York, New York State Geological Survey Open File Report 8d184 - Coch, N. K.; W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R. (1997)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1306.55.121, NY 7 Intersections: NY 7 at Ford Road and NY 7 at CR 115, Town of Pittstown, Rensselaer County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso; A. Gore; J. F. Pasquini (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1752.96.122, CR 39, Village of Roundtop, Town of Cairo, Greene County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3043.56.121, NY11/Hunts Creek, Village of Marathon, Cortland County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso; A. Gore (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1007.13.101, NY 144 over Coeymans Creek, Town of Coeymans, Albany County, New York--Addendum - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1752.96.122, The Miller Site, CR 39 and 24 from CR 31 to CR 23B, Village of Round Top to the Village of Cairo, Town of Cairo, Greene County, New York. - N. L. Davis (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1752.96.122, CR 39 and 24 from CR 31 to CR 23B, Village of Round Top to the Village of Cairo, Town of Cairo, Greene County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1753.09.121, Everett Road (CR 155), Exchange Street to Albany-Shaker Road, Town of Colonie, Albany County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso; A. Gore (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3043.56.121, NY 11/Hunts Creek, Village of Marathon, Town of Marathon, Cortland County, New York. - N. L. Davis; M.S. LoRusso; A. Gore (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 7016.49.101, NY 12 North Copenhagen Village Line to Harrisburg Town Line, Village of Copenhagen, Town of Denmark, Lewis County, New York. - N. L. Davis; Warren, J.; A. Gore (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8126.76.101, Taconic Parkway/Miller Hill Road, Town of East Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York - N. L. Davis; A. Gore (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8130.75.101, Whipporwill Road Realignment, Town of North Castle, Westchester County, New York--Addendum - N. L. Davis (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for 9086.00.102, Route 443 Retaining Wall along Fox Creek, Town of Wright, Schoharie County, New York--Addendum - R. Dean; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1753.20.121, CR 67/Catskill Creek and CR 23B, Hamlet of South Cairo, Town of Cairo, Greene County, New York. - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1753.62.121, Route 91, Riverview Road and Grooms Road, Town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County, New York. - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1721.46.121, Ushers Road/I-87, D&H RR, Town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County, New York. - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3015.36.101, Route 3 Bridges over the Salmon River, Town of Richland, Oswego County, New York - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3082.14.121, Route 290, Manlius Center, Town of Manlius, Onondaga County, New York - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3111.17.121, Route 20, Village of Skaneateles, Onondaga County, New York - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report of NYSM 10095 and 10096, NYS Route 12, Town of Paris, Oneida County, New York. - R. Dean (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Survey of Route 443, Retaining Wall, Town of Wright, Schoharie County, New York - R. Dean; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Mobilization of Ammonia and Phosphorus by Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Seneca River, New York - Effler, S.W.; Boone, S.R.; C. A. Siegfried; Walrath, L.; Ashby, S.L. (Zebra Mussels and Aquatic Nuisance Species, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Upper Lower Cambrian Depositional Sequence in Avalonian New Brunswick; Discussion and Reply - Fyffe, L. R.; E. Landing (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997)
Keywords: geology

Pits and Pitfalls: An Analysis of Pit Features and Site Function at the Ripley Site - Green, W. G.; Sullivan, L. P. (Northeast Anthropology, 1997)
Keywords: anthropology

Seismic reflection profiles and the nature of sand ridges on the continental shelf south of Fire Island, Suffolk County, New York, New York State Geological Survey Open File Report 4d307 - Harsch, A. A.; W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R. (1997)
Keywords: geology

Additional Evidence for Early Cucurbit Use in the Northern Eastern Woodlands East of the Allegheny Front - J. P. Hart; Asch Sidell, N. (American Antiquity, 1997)
Two accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dates, 5404 ± 552 B.P. (AA-19129) and 2625 ± 45 B.P. (AA-19128), confirm the presence of mid-Holocene and early late Holocene cucurbit (Cucurbita pepo), respectively, at the Memorial Park site (36CN164) in north-central Pennsylvania. This is the second documented occurrence of mid-Holocene cucurbit and the first documented occurrence of domesticated early late Holocene cucurbit in the northern Eastern Woodlands east of the Allegheny Front. These occurrences help to establish the use of cucurbits in the Northeast on a timescale equivalent to that in the riverine interior, with the exception of the very earliest riverine interior dates. The Northeast has contributed little toward our understanding of prehistoric agricultural evolution in the Eastern Woodlands. The Memorial Park cucurbits and the mid-Holocene cucurbit recently reported at the Sharrow site in Maine indicate that greater efforts are needed to document pre-maize agricultural behavior in this area to increase our knowledge of the full range of pre-maize agricultural behavior in the Eastern Woodlands.
Keywords: Cucurbita pepo; cucurbits; mid-Holocene; Native American agriculture

Catalog of the New York Minerals of the New York State Museum - 1997 supplement: New York State Geological Survey Open File Report - W. M. Kelly; M. Hawkins (1997)
Keywords: geology

Chemical analysis of heavy minerals from the continental shelf south of Long Island, New York, New York State Geological Survey Open File Report 8d183 - W. M. Kelly; Albanese, J. R.; Grosz, A. E. (1997)
Keywords: geology

Guide to the Geology of John Boyd Thatcher Park (Indian Ladder Region) and Vicinity. - E. Landing; J. B. Skiba (New York State Museum Handbook, 1997)
Keywords: geology paleontology

Reply: U-Pb date from Avalonian Cape Breton Island and Geochronologic Calibration of the Early Ordovician - E. Landing (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997)
Keywords: geology

Reply: Upper Lower Cambrian Depositional Sequence in Avalonian New Brunswick - E. Landing (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997)
Keywords: geology

U-Pb Zircon Date from Avalonian Cape Breton Island and Geochronologic Calibration of the Early Ordovician - E. Landing; Bowring, S. A.; Fortey, R. A.; Davidek, K. L. (Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1997)
A U–Pb zircon date of 483 ± 1 Ma is recorded from an uppermost Tremadoc K-bentonite from the Chesley Drive Group on McLeod Brook, eastern Cape Breton Island. The associated fauna, with the trilobite Peltocare rotundifrons, is also known from the Reversing Falls section in Saint John, New Brunswick, and the traditional reference of the latter section to the Arenig is incorrect. A 483 ± 1 Ma age is significantly older than a U – Pb zircon age reported from the classical base of the Arenig Series in north Wales and about 10 Ma older than strata regarded herein as upper Arenig in central Newfoundland. If the global standard for the base of the Arenig is defined at the Tetragraptus approximatus Zone base, then the base of the type Arenig in Wales is younger than the latter horizon. The McLeod Brook occurrence is from an uppermost Tremadoc (Hunnebergian Stage) interval that has been removed below the unconformity in north Wales. The age of the Tremadoc –Arenig series boundary remains uncertain; however, a tentative estimate that it is significantly younger than 483 Ma is suggested by fossil evidence.
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1053.05.221, NY 418/Schroon River, Hamlet and Town of Warrensburg, Warren County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 2802.71.122, NY 5, 5A, and 5B, Woods Highway and Middle Settlement Road, Town of New Hartford, Oneida County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; J. Sopko (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2009.13.121, NYS Route 167, City of Little Falls, Herkimer County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2018.74.101, Route 28 from Old Forge to Eagle Bay, Town of Webb, Herkimer County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso; M. Pickands (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2018.85.121, NY 28, Countryman to Middleville, Town of Herkimer, Herkimer County, New York. - M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2752.78.121, BIN 3-31119-0, Scholtz Road over Sconondoa Creek, Town of Vernon, Herkimer County, New York - M.S. LoRusso; M. Pickands (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 3752.38.121, Pedestrian Walkway Construction, City of Oswego, Oswego County, New York - M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Books for Beginners in Bryology - N. G. Miller; Buck, W. R. (Evansia, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides (Bryophyta, Mniaceae) in North America and Greenland: Male Plants, Sex-differential Geographic Distribution, and Reproductive Characteristics - N. G. Miller; Mogensen, G. S. (Bryologist, 1997)
Male plants of Cyrtomnium hymenophylloides are described in detail for the first time. They difer from female plants only in gametangial features, particularly in having a splashcup perigonium similar to that of male plants in most dioicous species of Mniaceae. The isomorphic paraphyses of male and female plants are unique within the Mniaceae. Male plants producing perigonia were found in nine herbarium specimens from parts of northeastern Alaska and arctic Canada that may have served as refugia during the Wisconsinan (Pleistocene) ice-sheet maximum. Female plants are much more common, occurring in arctic Alaska and Canada, Greenland, and southward in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, and in parts of eastern Canada to the Catskill Mountains of New York. No sporophytes have been found in North America and Greenland, and outside this area only one sporophyte is known. Stems of this moss are shown to fragment into leafy pieces of variable size, and the subsequent dispersal of these, and the initiation of new growth from axillary and apical buds, appear to be the principal means of reproduction. We assume that wind is the major dispersal agent in the Arctic, but water and gravity may play a role in local dispersal in forested regions of the northeastern United States where the species displays a relictual distribution.
Keywords: biology

Fossil Mosses in Holocene Alluvium: A Case study from New York State and Prospects - N. G. Miller (Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory, 1997)
Keywords: biology paleontology

Nomenclatural Status of the Moss Grevilleanum serratum, With Notes on the Early 18th Century American scientists, L. C. Beck and E. Emmons, Senior - N. G. Miller; McKinley, D. (Bryologist, 1997)
From various lines of evidence, including handwriting, contemporary correspondence, and study of herbarium specimens, the holotype of Grevilleanum serratum, the name of a moss that dates from 1826, is shown to be a specimen in the Bryophyte Herbarium of the New York State Museum. The holotype of G. serratum is identical taxonomically to Timmia megapolitana Hedwig (1801), making the former name a taxonomic synonym of the latter. The bryological contributions of the authors of G. serratum, L. C. Beck and E. Emmons, are discussed. Beck's bryophyte herbarium, mentioned as the foundation of an evidently completed but unpublished early moss flora of the United States, has been located largely intact but unrecognized as such in the collections of the New York State Museum. Ebenezer Emmons, remembered today mainly for his significant contributions to stratigraphic geology, had only a passing interest in mosses; Lewis Beck, in contrast, worked extensively on mosses between about 1825 and the 1830s, although the results of his studies were largely unpublished.
Keywords: biology

A Rare Moss, Aulacomnium turgidum, Rediscovered in the Adirondacks - N. G. Miller (NYFA (New York Flora Association) Newsletter, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Review of: H.-D. Behnke et al. Progress in Botany/Fortschritte der Botanik - N. G. Miller (Systematic Botany, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Revised Checklist of New York State Plants - R. S. Mitchell; Tucker, G. C. (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Natural Enemies of Zebra Mussels: Predators, Parasites, and Ecological Competitors - D. P. Molloy; Karatayev, A. Y.; Burlakova, L. E.; Kurandina, D. P.; Laruelle, F. (Reviews in Fisheries Science, 1997)
This paper reviews the international literature on the natural enemies of Dreissena spp. and discusses the biology and ecology of organisms known to be involved in their predation (176 species), parasitism (34 species), and competitive exclusion (10 species). Research on natural enemies, both in Europe and North America, has focused on predators, particularly birds (36 species) and fish (15 and 38 species eating veligers and attached mussels, respectively). Other field‐documented predation includes consumption of pelagic larvae by copepods and coelenterates, and consumption of attached mussels by leeches, crabs, crayfish, and rodents. Cannibalism of veligers by adult zebra mussels has also been reported. Ciliates and trematodes are the most commonly reported obligate parasites, with occasional records of suspected bacterial or ascetosporan infection. Mites, nematodes, leeches, chironomids, and oligochaetes have been observed to be associated symbiotically within the mantle cavity, but with few to no adverse effects. Organisms capable of competitively displacing zebra mussels from hard substrates include sponges, amphipods, algae, bryozoans, hydrozoan coelenterates, and other bivalve species (including interspecific competition among Dreissena spp.). Although the vast majority of the organisms that are natural enemies in Europe are not present in North America, ecologically similar species do exist on this continent, and zebra mussels represent a novel and abundant organism for these native predators, parasites, and ecological competitors — the new natural enemies of Dreissena. However, the idea that these organisms could eliminate zebra mussel populations, even in limited areas of North America, is far more hopeful than realistic. As in Europe, there will likely be isolated reports of major impacts by natural enemies, and on the whole we will likely see a cumulative effect of a suite of enemies having a constant, but limited, role in suppressing zebra mussel populations.
Keywords: Birds; ciliates; Dreissena; Fish; sponges; trematodes

New York State Geological Survey's Oil & Gas Database - R. E. Nyahay (Northeastern Geology and Environmental Sciences, 1997)
Keywords: geology

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2752.73.121, West End Road over W. Canada Creek, Hamlet of Kast Bridge, Town of Herkimer, Herkimer County, New York. - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2018.71.121, NY 28 at Adirondack Scenic Railroad, Hamlet of Thendara, Town of Webb, Herkimer County, New York - M. Pickands (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2230.05.122, Route 22E over Route 49, Town of Marcy, Oneida County, New York - M. Pickands (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2752.73.122, West End Road over W. Canada Creek, Hamlet of Kast Bridge, Town of Herkimer, Herkimer County, New York - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 2752.78.121, Scholtz Road over Scondoa Creek, Town of Vernon, Oneida County, New York. - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8495.10.101, Route 207 from Mount Airy Road to Temple Hill Road, Town of New Windsor, Orange County, New York - M. Pickands; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey for PIN 1753.50.121, Middleline Road from Route 50 to Route 67, Town of Ballston, Saratoga County, New York. - C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1090.12.122, The Van Wie Site, Route 443 over Onesquethaw Creek, Town of New Scotland, Albany County, New York - C. B. Rieth (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1336.03.121, Route 296 from NYS Route 23 to County Route 14 (Goshen Street), Town of Windham, Greene County, New York. (Vols I and II) - C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resource Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 2166.17.121, State Rte 80 over Otsquago Creek, Town of Minden, Montgomery County, New York. - C. B. Rieth (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for CORPs-OGS-DOCS , Wells/Water Supply System, Green Haven Correctional Facility, Town of Beekman, Dutchess County, New York - C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8490.02.101, Route 311: Cross Road to Route 22, Town of Patterson, Putnam County, New York - C. B. Rieth; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8754.89.121, CR 120 between Route 9 and Route 9H, Village of Stottsville, Towns of Stockport and Ghent, Columbia County, New York - C. B. Rieth (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Orchid - C. J. Sheviak (Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, eighth ed, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Platanthera purpurascens - C. J. Sheviak; Jennings, W. F. (North American Native Orchid Journal, 1997)
Keywords: biology

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 1111.30.101, US 20 over the Valatie Kill, Village of Nassau, Towns of Schodack and Nassau, Rensselaer County, New York. - J. Sopko; J. F. Pasquini; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8040.85.322, NY 9 and Interstate 84 Interchange Monitoring, Town of Fishkill, Dutchess County, New York--Addendum - J. Sopko (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report for PIN 8130.64.102, NY 22: I-84 to Putnam Lake Road, Town of Southeast, Putnam, New York - J. Sopko (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey Report of PIN 8022.24.101, Route NY 100: From Virginia Road to Westchester Community College, Towns of Greensburgh and Mt. Pleasant, Westchester County, New York--Addendum - J. Sopko; M.S. LoRusso (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Cultural Resources Site Examination Report for PIN 8130.64.102, NY 22, Town of Southest, Putnam County, New York, O'Connell Site (MYSM-10493) - J. Sopko (1997)
Keywords: Cultural Resources

Nonassociation of Paleoindians with AMS-Dated Late Pleistocene Mammals from the Dutchess Quarry Caves, New York - D. W. Steadman; T. W. Stafford Jr.; Funk, R. E. (Quaternary Research, 1997)
AMS14C ages of 10 bones of the caribou (Rangifer tarandus), flat-headed peccary (Platygonus compressus), and giant beaver (Castoroides ohioensis) from the Dutchess Quarry Caves, New York, range from 13,840 ± 80 to 11,670 ± 70 yr B.P. No bones from any of these species are demonstrably associated with Paleoindian artifacts (fluted points) or other cultural materials from the sites because the bones lack unequivocal stratigraphic association with artifacts, as well as physical (taphonomic) evidence for human association (e.g., burning, cut marks, distinctive breakage). Together with the Holocene conventional14C dates of charcoal and the varied stratigraphic proveniences of the fluted points and the dated bones, the new AMS14C dates argue that most strata at the Dutchess Quarry Caves contain a mixture of late Pleistocene and Holocene materials. This mixing probably resulted from post-depositional bioturbation (by humans, rodents, carnivores, and scavengers) and cryoturbation (annual freeze–thaw cycles). Rather than being of cultural origin, the bones of caribou, flat-headed peccary, and giant beaver likely were deposited in the Dutchess Quarry Caves by nonhuman predators or scavengers, such as ursids, canids, felids, condors, or eagles.
Keywords: AMS dating; caribou; Castoroides ohioensis; Dutchess Quarry Caves; flat-headed peccary; giant beaver; New York; Platygonus compressus; Rangifer tarandus

Vine Valley Revisited - L. M. Anderson (A Golden Chronograph for Robert E. Funk, 1996)
Keywords: anthropology

The Jacksons, Lattimores and Schuylers: First African-American Families of Early Albany - Bielinski, S. (New York History, 1996)
Keywords: history

Use of Sieves for the Rapid Size Selection of Dreissena polymorpha Samples - Biss, J. B., III; Laruelle, F. H.; D. P. Molloy (Journal of Shellfish Research, 1996)
We describe a method that uses sieves of uniform pore size for rapidlysize sorting large populations of Dreissella polymorpha (zebra mussels) or collecting large numbers within a selected size range. This method may be a valuable tool applicable to a wide range of zebra mussel research projects and possibly also useful in size sorting other bivalve species. Sieves are used in pairs and are repeatedly moved vertically in and out of a water column, with mussels passing lengthwise down through the pores. The upper and lower limits of the size range of mussels collected between the sieves are determined by the pore sizes of the upper and lower sieves, respectively. Sieve pairs with pore sizes of 6.30 and 5.60 mm, 5.60 and 4.75 mm, and 4.75 and 4.00 mm, for example, yielded mussels in size classes of 13.8-10.3, 12.6-8.5, and 10.6-7.0 mm in length, respectively. Sieving in the field eliminated the need to transport mussel-laden rocks and other substrates to the laboratory, reduced the effort required to properly dispose of musselcontaminated materials, and proved even simpler to perform than in the laboratory. One of the challenges in using this sieving procedure is determining the exact sieve sizes that will retain mussels only within a particular length range. For example, because large numbers of zebra mussels 6-11 mm in length are used in our laboratory's research program, trials were conducted to compare the effectiveness of sieving and hand picking to obtain mussels solely within this size class. With sieves of 5.6 and 2.8 mm pore sizes, the mean yield of mussels was over three times faster by sieving than hand picking (10.2 versus 3.0 mussels/min), but 7.1% of the mussels collected were outside the desired length range of 6-11 mm. In judging the usefulness of this sieving procedure, an error factor such as this is unavoidable and must be weighed in individual research projects against the significant increase in mussel yield.
Keywords: Sieves; size selection; Zebra mussels

Final Report, Seismic Risk Assessment of Rensselaer County, NY Fiscal Year 1996, New York State Geological Survey Open File - D. H. Cadwell; Nottis, G. N.; Gerhard, D. (1996)
Keywords: geology

Guide to the Identification of Scales of Fishes of Northeastern North America - R. A. Daniels (New York State Museum Bulletin, 1996)
Keywords: biology